Consider the use of technology intended to save lives during a car crash

Technology is often cited as the savior of an organization or society.  Consider the use of technology intended to save lives during a car crash.  Every year, on average, the United States represent approximately 10 million car accidents.  Car manufacturers have responded by implementing high-tech modeling, numerical analyses, crash testing, and extensive case studies as to make cars safer.  Despite such efforts and costs, the number of car accidents per year remains roughly constant over the previous decade.

What went wrong?  How can you explain how the technology did not alleviate the problem?  What theories of change (or change implementation) would have helped car manufacturers and regulators address the steady number of car accidents per year?  How might you go about solving such a problem?  Would any newer or novel technologies help resolve the problem?

In-text citations should be given to support your work. A minimum of four in-text citations are required.

Essays are graded using the following criteria:

• Content—essays must respond to the scenario and writing prompt while
demonstrating a command of knowledge and practices in the field surrounding the
writing prompt.

• Critical thinking—essays must demonstrate the ability to analyze the writing prompt, synthesize a perspective, and either deduce or infer valid conclusions.

• Style—essays must be double spaced, use Time New Roman 12 point font, be free of spelling errors, and contain proper headings.

• Demonstration—papers must demonstrate recall of a few key learning objectives and topics covered during core classes.NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics and Analysis 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590
DOT HS 811 620 May 2012
Background
This Research Note examines the status of motor vehicle traffic
crashes as a leading cause of death in the United States in
2009. This note reflects an update of a prior research note (DOT
HS 811 443) that was based on the mortality data for 2007. It is
based on a study of the ranking of 68 causes of death, which
have been adopted by NHTSA’s National Center for Statistics
and Analysis (NCSA). This study was originally prompted by
a number of unanswered questions regarding adequate background
material and appropriate information pertaining to
the general concept of motor vehicle traffic crashes as a leading
cause of death. Although the National Center for Health
Statistics (NCHS) in its annual report on mortality publishes
detailed tabulations of the leading causes of death, the fatalities
due to motor vehicle traffic crashes are lumped into the
very general category of Unintentional Injuries. Fatalities due
to motor vehicle traffic crashes comprise a significant proportion
of all fatalities due to unintentional injuries, especially
at younger ages. This fact has prompted NHTSA to separate
motor vehicle crashes as an individual cause of death in this
report. NCSA added the computation of the years of lost life to
the conventional rank ordering of the causes of death in order
to highlight the tremendous toll that motor vehicle traffic
crashes have on the younger population. In fact, while motor
vehicle traffic crashes ranked eleventh overall as a cause of
death, they were ranked as high as fifth in terms of the years
of life lost, behind other major causes of death such as cancer,
heart diseases, stroke and chronic lower respiratory diseases.
Summary

Does the Supreme Court’s ruling bar all residents of New Jersey, or any other state, from bringing suit against a tobacco company for false advertising or promotion?

Resource: Case Brief Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., et al. in Ch. 2, section 2-6, “Commerce Powers,” of the text.

Write a 700- to 900-word paper in which you define the functions and role of law in business and society. Discuss the functions and role of law in your past or present job or industry. Properly cite at least two references from your reading.

Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.

Case 2.1. Cipollone v. Liggett Group, Inc., et al., 505 U.S. 504 (1992)

Fact Summary

Cipollone brought suit against Liggett for violation of several New Jersey consumer protection statutes alleging that Liggett (and other cigarette manufacturers) were liable for his mother’s death because they engaged in a course of conduct including false advertising, fraudulently misrepresenting the hazards of smoking, and conspiracy to deprive the public of medical and scientific information about smoking. Liggett urged the court to dismiss the state law claims contending that the claims related to the manufacturer’s advertising and promotional activities were preempted by two federal laws: (1) the Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act of 1965, and (2) the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act of 1969.

Synopsis of Decision and Opinion

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled against Cipollone, holding that his claims relying on state law were preempted by federal law. The Court cited both the text of the statute and the legislative history in concluding that Congress’s intent in enactment of the laws was to preempt state laws regulating the advertising and promotion of tobacco products. Because Congress chose specifically to regulate a certain type of advertising (tobacco), federal law is supreme to any state law that attempts to regulate that same category of advertising.

Words of the Court: Preemption

“Article VI of the Constitution provides that the laws of the United States shall be the supreme Law of the Land. Thus, [. . .] it has been settled that state law that conflicts with federal law is ‘without effect.’ [. . .] Accordingly, ‘the purpose of Congress is the ultimate touchstone’ of pre-emption analysis. Congress’s intent may be ‘explicitly stated in the statute’s language or implicitly contained in its structure and purpose.’ In the absence of an express congressional command, state law is preempted if that law actually conflicts with federal law, [. . .], or if federal law so thoroughly occupies a legislative field ‘as to make reasonable the inference that Congress left no room for the States to supplement it.’ [. . .] [Cipollone’s] claims are preempted to the extent that they rely on a state-law ‘requirement or prohibition . . . with respect to . . . advertising or promotion.’“

Case Questions

1. Given the Supreme Court’s language and the result of this case, is Congress’s preemption power broad or narrow? Explain your answer.

 

2. Does the Supreme Court’s ruling bar all residents of New Jersey, or any other state, from bringing suit against a tobacco company for false advertising or promotion? Why or why not?

 

3. Why would Congress want to preempt state law regarding the advertising and promotion of tobacco products? Do you agree with their decision to do so? Why or why not?

describes the five steps involved in developing a cancer intervention program

Write a comprehensive response to the following questions: REGARDING THE PRECEDE-PROCED MODEL BY ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS BELOW

describes the five steps involved in developing a cancer intervention program
· How could you apply the model you selected to develop a culturally-competent intervention program that would reduce the incidence of YOUR Healthy People assigned focus area SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES?

· Explain how some of the constructs (components) of the model would be considered in your program design.

· What are some of the strengths and weakness of the planning model you selected?

· Do you think the model you chose is the best model (from others mentioned in the readings or in the literature The PRECEDE-PROCEED model, The MAPP mode, The Intervention Mapping model
) to use for addressing this Healthy People assigned focus area? Why or why not?

describes the five steps involved in developing a cancer intervention program

When writing the essay, imagine that you are a health educator or other health professional that is planning a prevention program that relates to the Healthy People assigned focus area you were assigned at the start of the term (e.g. Healthy People assigned focus area sexually transmitted diseases). Your goal is to develop a program that reduces the incidence of the disease and decreases the risk factors associated with the disease.

Readings

Course Text: Social and Behavioral Foundations of Public Health

Chapter 13, “Planning Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs”
This chapter focuses on the models often used to guide the development intervention programs. It also explores the various settings where health promotion and disease prevention programs are implemented.
Chapter 14, “Community-Based Approaches to Health Promotion”
There are a variety of community-based intervention programs throughout the country. Some people believe that community-level interventions have the greatest potential for challenging health disparities. This chapter discusses the benefits and challenges of creating health promotion programs.
Article: Hussain-Gambles, M. (2003). Ethnic minority underrepresentation in clinical trials: Whose responsibility is it anyway? Journal of Health Organization and Management, 17(2), 138–143. Retrieved from http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=454006411&sid=10&Fmt=3&clientId=70192&RQT=309&VName=PQD

This article explores the fact that ethnic minorities are often under-represented in clinical trials and proposes how this fact can be reversed or improved.

Article: National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health. (2005). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice. Retrieved from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/theory.pdf

You’ve read part of this manual in the beginning of this course. For this week, read “Part 3: Putting Theory and Practice Together.”
Websites

Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T.

http://cancercontrolplanet.cancer.gov

This site describes the five steps involved in developing a cancer intervention program, which can be extrapolated to many other types of health promotion and disease intervention programs.
Optional Resources

Media

Audio: Education Development Center. (2010). Link between health and learning [Audio recording]. Retrieved from http://www.hhd.org/resources/audio/link-between-health-and-learning
Readings

Article: Laverack, G., & Labonte, R. (2000). A planning framework for community empowerment goals within health promotion. Health Policy and Planning, 15(3), 255–262.
Websites

Health Behavior

Is drug use and abuse better addressed as a public health issue or a criminal law issue?

Focus and Organization (10 points): the topic clearly stated and the paper is organized with an

introduction, discussion of the issues and a conclusion.

Thorough discussion of the assigned readings (10): the paper discusses the assigned readings in relation

to the topic.

Correctness (10): there is correct usage of grammar, syntax, spelling, and correct usage of APA

guidelines.

Focus and Organization (10 points): the topic clearly stated and the paper is organized with an

introduction, discussion of the issues and a conclusion.

Thorough discussion of the assigned readings (10): the paper discusses the assigned readings in relation

to the topic.

Correctness (10): there is correct usage of grammar, syntax, spelling, and correct usage of APA

guidelines.

Consider current U.S. drug policy. Is drug use and abuse better addressed as a public health issue or a criminal law issue? What if anything should be done differently?

link:

. Is drug use and abuse better addressed as a public health issue or a criminal law issue? What if anything should be done differently?

link: