semester 2 exam earth science

What is the process whereby rocks, minerals, and soil are broken down into smaller and smaller pieces due to interaction with the atmosphere?

erosion

sedimentation

weathering

2 points

QUESTION 2

Frost-wedging is an example of

chemical weathering

physical weathering

biological weathering

2 points

QUESTION 3

What are the two main components of soil?

humus and sand

humus and weathered rock

weathered rock particles and water

2 points

QUESTION 4

List and explain the five main factors of soil formation.

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3 points

QUESTION 5

Soils that are dominated by clay are called

fine-textured

medium-textured

coarse-textured

2 points

QUESTION 6

Soils that are dominated by sand are called

fine-textured

medium-textured

coarse-textured

2 points

QUESTION 7

Wind erosion is most common in

equatorial regions

polar zones

arid climates

2 points

QUESTION 8

A crop planted on a field to reduce erosion during the off-season is called a

conservation crop

buffer crop

cover crop

2 points

QUESTION 9

Mudflows associated specifically with earthquake activity are called lahars.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 10

Which of the following can be a landslide warning sign?

soil moving away from foundations

the presence of saturated ground that is not usually wet

both of the above

2 points

QUESTION 11

Describe the differences between youthful, mature, and old rivers.

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3 points

QUESTION 12

Which of the following best describes a watershed?

area of land where rivers are very common

area of land where water runs downhill into a given body of water

area of land where evaporation is limited and surface water is common

2 points

QUESTION 13

Areas of high vulnerability to stream erosion are

polar areas with seasonal rainfall

mountainous regions with high rainfall

flat areas with high rainfall

2 points

QUESTION 14

Headward erosion results in a

lengthening of a river upslope

deepening of a river downslope

deepening of a river

2 points

QUESTION 15

Why are floods especially common in the spring?

More water is added to a river as groundwater seeps upward.

Winds are more common, causing more movement of water.

The still-frozen ground is unable to soak up the water from melting snow.

2 points

QUESTION 16

Which of the following can cause storm surge in a coastal environment?

hurricanes

landslides

earthquakes

2 points

QUESTION 17

High winds pushing against the ocean’s surface are responsible for

riverine floods

storm surge

flash floods

2 points

QUESTION 18

What is the difference between a confined and an unconfined aquifer?

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3 points

QUESTION 19

A chemical in groundwater that can cause birth defects is called a

teratogen

VOC

carcinogen

2 points

QUESTION 20

Describe how and under what conditions glaciers form.

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3 points

QUESTION 21

A glacier ends at the

terminus

talus

till

2 points

QUESTION 22

The place where a glacier originates is called the

terminus

glacial head

headwaters

2 points

QUESTION 23

Explain how karst landscapes evolve over time.

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3 points

QUESTION 24

The cave feature that forms when a stalactite and a stalagmite meet is called a

nodule

column

soda straw

2 points

QUESTION 25

Most coastal erosion is caused by

wind

waves

biological activity

2 points

QUESTION 26

The size of a wave depends on its fetch, which is the distance the wave has traveled.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 27

Which of the following is made of sand that has been deposited by wave action?

sand spit

sea stack

sea arch

2 points

QUESTION 28

Eolian landscapes are most common in

temperate rain forest areas

deserts

equatorial regions

2 points

QUESTION 29

Water slows down wind erosion, because water tends to hold loose particles together, increasing cohesion.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 30

The worldwide leading source of electrical power is

coal

natural gas

oil

2 points

QUESTION 31

Describe the differences and similarities in how coal, oil, and natural gas formed.

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3 points

QUESTION 32

Describe what an oil sand is and explain the advantages and disadvantages associated with its use and extraction.

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3 points

QUESTION 33

Fossil fuel combustion can alter Earth’s carbon cycle by removing carbon from the atmosphere.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 34

Of the two nuclear processes, fusion and fission, which one is used to generate commercial nuclear power? Why is the other one not used?

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3 points

QUESTION 35

How does the use of fuel in a nuclear power plant compare to the use of fuel in a fossil fuel power plant?

In a nuclear power plant, the fuel is not burned.

In a nuclear power plant, the fuel is burned more slowly so that fewer pollutants are released.

In a nuclear power plant, the fuel is not mined from the ground, but is produced by chemical reactions.

2 points

QUESTION 36

Relying on windows and building materials to capture incoming solar radiation WITHOUT distributing that energy is called

photoelectric heating

passive solar heating

active solar heating

2 points

QUESTION 37

Wind power is most practical when wind speeds are over 55 mph.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 38

Mountaintop removal is the most environmentally friendly type of mining.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 39

An ore is a rock that

contains enough of a mineral resource to be economically profitable

contains any amount of a mineral resource

contains no waste materials but is made entirely of a pure mineral substance

2 points

QUESTION 40

Newton’s work on gravity supported the heliocentric view of the universe.

True

False

1 points

QUESTION 41

Stars are luminous balls of _______.

plasma

dust

dark matter

2 points

QUESTION 42

According to the big bang theory, the universe was once very __________ and is now __________.

cold; cooling down even more

dense; expanding

hot; contracting in size

2 points

QUESTION 43

What is the most widely accepted model of how the solar system formed? Explain how the solar system formed under this model.

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3 points

QUESTION 44

Our solar system resides in the

outside of a galaxy

center of a galaxy

outer spiral arms of a galaxy
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