Define police professionalism, and describe two outcomes of increased police professionalism during the 20th century.

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In the past several weeks, you examined criminal justices issues, responses, and influences from various historical perspectives. Now, you begin to examine more contemporary issues related to criminal justice.

Rapid growth, the need for increased federal powers, and the newfound demand for international respect have forced the U.S. criminal justice system to address a series of issues previously not demanding of an implemented system of justice. Many of today’s criminal justice policies can be tied directly to those coming out of the first seven decades of the 20th century. The key is to be able to directly relate them to current policies in the hopes of being able to provide the best approach to criminal justice issues. The inability to do so might result in these same issues reappearing in the future.

This week, you examine police professionalism and its effects in the Progressive Era. Then, you consider strategies for establishing positive relationships.

With the ever-growing demands of an evolving country, police professionalism was implemented to adhere to the expectations of a civil society. Police agencies were designed to provide the greatest level of protection and order maintenance for the American population.

Post by Day 3: Define police professionalism, and describe two outcomes of increased police professionalism during the 20th century. Provide one example of recent events involving police professionalism. Compare any similarities or differences between the two examples. You may pull from the media, newspapers, etc. Explain what recommendations or strategies could be implemented to help establish more positive relationships.

Respond by Day 5 to at least two colleagues, considering the outcomes of increased police professionalism discussed in the post. Suggest additional recommendations and/or strategies that were not brought up in the post.

Jones M., & Johnstone, P. (2011). History of Criminal Justice. (5th ed.) New York, NY. Routledge.

Briefly describe the social problem or phenomenon of interest. Typically, this can be done in 3 or fewer sentences.

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IF DISCUSSION QUESTION COULD BE COMPLETED IN THE NEXT 5 HRS WOULD PAY EXTRA

In this Discussion, you will articulate and align a research problem, purpose, and question for a potential quantitative and qualitative study. Alignment of these elements is important. See the Examples of Aligned and Misaligned Scenarios document, which can be downloaded from the Week 1 Learning Resources area of the classroom.

Program of Study: Identify your specific program of study- FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY and, if applicable, your concentration area- VICTIMOLOGY

Social Problem: Briefly describe the social problem or phenomenon of interest. Typically, this can be done in 3 or fewer sentences.

Quantitative Research Problem: Complete the following sentence: The scholarly community does not know…

Quantitative Research Purpose: Typically, this is a 1-sentence statement addressed by completing the following sentence: The purpose of this quantitative study is…

Quantitative Research Question: Typically, this is a 1-sentence question unless you have more than one research question.

Qualitative Research Problem: Complete the following sentence: The scholarly community does not know…

Qualitative Research Purpose: Typically, this is a 1-sentence statement addressed by completing the following sentence: The purpose of this qualitative study is…

Qualitative Research Question: Typically, this is a 1-sentence question unless you have more than one research question.

Note: Use proper APA format. If helpful, support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

Select a fictional human character (i.e., cartoon character, film/TV character, virtual character) and consider an important event or period of time in the life of the character and the developmental processes during this event/period of time.

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How Processes Affect Your Development

Consider the role each process—cognitive, physical, and social-emotional—plays on the development of an individual. The cognitive developmental process involves the ability to think, remember, reason, problem-solve, and communicate. The physical developmental process entails not only changes in height and weight, but also fine and gross muscle control, balance, strength, reproductive ability, and appearance. Finally, the social-emotional developmental process involves beliefs about oneself in relation to others, including self-identity, self-concept, morality, and relationships.

Cognitive, physical, and social-emotional developmental processes influence and interact with one another. For example, a child’s ability to consider another person’s perspective will, in part, determine the quality of friendships and how long they are maintained. An adult who is physically mature has the cognitive capacity to weigh the pros and cons of becoming sexually active. Keep in mind that the relative importance of cognitive, physical, and social-emotional developmental processes may vary depending upon the age of the individual (e.g., infant, adolescent, young adult, older adult) and any physical or developmental challenges that may arise.

For this Discussion, you will examine cognitive, physical, and social-emotional processes at a specific period of a character’s life.

Post a brief description of the fictional human character (i.e., cartoon character, film/TV character, virtual character) and the event/period of time you selected. Describe two of the three developmental processes—cognitive, physical, and social-emotional—and explain whether they were affected and/or changed in relation to the event/period of time. Be specific in your post and provide examples. Use your Learning Resources to support your post. Use proper APA format and citations to support your explanation.

 

  • Select a fictional human character (i.e., cartoon character, film/TV character, virtual character) and consider an important event or period of time in the life of the character and the developmental processes during this event/period of time.
  • Select two of the three developmental processes (i.e., cognitive, physical, and social-emotional) to describe.

http://sk.sagepub.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/reference/humandevelopment/n138.xml

http://sk.sagepub.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/reference/humandevelopment/n485.xml

350 words

If needed, include factors such as supply, cultural attitudes to drug use, and the context of drug use.

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Using the literature and your own insights into these issues, formulate an argument as to why the problem has reached its current scale.

“Nevertheless, at least 5,000 years ago, humans discovered the psychoactive properties of the plant, and its ability to reduce fatigue, thirst, and hunger was appreciated for many centuries by the indigenous Indian population,” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 201). People from all walks of life can experience problems with their drug use, regardless of age, race, or background. While some can use recreational or prescription drugs without experiencing negative effects, others find that substance use takes a serious toll on their health and well-being. Abusing drugs can leave you feeling helpless and ashamed. I think the reason the problem has reached its current scale is that of technology and the availability. At one time you practically had to have a prescription to take any form of prescription drug.

Now, you can easily make drugs yourselves or buy it off the streets such as methamphetamine. “It has been estimated that 35 percent of methamphetamine (MA) in the United States comes from clandestine laboratories. It is easily synthesized from readily obtainable chemicals, including pseudoephedrine. Methamphetamine was originally an approved drug, effective in the treatment of ADHD. Today, however, it is rarely used legitimately and has clearly demonstrated neurotoxicity,” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 216).

In your discussion, evaluate the employment of psychoactive drugs from the aspects of a risk-benefits analysis and ethical considerations such as the risk of addiction versus the cost of punitive action.

Cocaine is a stimulant. “One disturbing symptom of cocaine-induced psychosis may be the sensation of bugs crawling around under the skin, a phenomenon called formication, from the Latin word formica, meaning “ant.” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 209). Through the sharing of needles, heroin use by injection is the main vector for transmission of infectious agents such as HIV and hepatitis B and C virus in many countries. Second, there are the acute or short-term biological health effects of the substance. Notably, for drugs such as opioids and alcohol, these include overdose. “Because the psychostimulants activate the sympathetic nervous system, they produce the characteristic physiological effects of an increased heart rate, blood pressure, vasodilation, and bronchodilation,” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 209).

Along with the use of heroin, cocaine has its many risk factors as well. Cocaine addiction is associated with the possibility of overdose, potential death, HIV, hepatitis B or C, mood disorders, heart disease, unhealthy weight, cognitive defects, and organ failure. “Methamphetamine users are at risk for various types of cardiac toxicity, such as strokes, heart attack, and tears of the aorta,” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 218). Before a patient is offered a psychotropic medication, thorough diagnostic evaluation and careful review of the patient’s history (including past symptoms and response to treatment) are essential.

“The ethical practitioner needs to keep up-to-date with empirical findings on all somatic and psychosocial treatments, including their indications, adverse effects, and contraindications. Informed consent is the legal and ethical foundation of ethical health care. The therapeutic relationship is deeply respectful of the patient and places primacy on promoting health and alleviating suffering as the basis for any treatment recommendation. It is dedicated to beneficence and nonmaleficence (ie, seeking good and avoiding harm in the patient’s care),” (Hoop, Layde, & Roberts, 2009). It is very important to psychologists, and other doctors follow the ethical guidelines when treating patients to avoid potential punitive damages such as malpractice lawsuits.

Also explain purely pharmacological issues such as pharmacokinetics and routes of drug administration and dose.

“Cocaine is absorbed from all sites of application, including mucous membranes, the stomach, and the lungs. Cocaine hydrochloride crosses the mucosal membranes poorly because the drug is a potent vasoconstrictor (one of its defining pharmacological actions), constricting blood vessels and limiting its own absorption. Cocaine penetrates the brain rapidly; initial brain concentrations far exceed the concentrations in plasma. After it penetrates the brain, cocaine is rapidly redistributed to other tissues,” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 205). The blood level then progressively declines. “The biological half-life of MA is more than 11 hours. After distribution to the brain, about 60 percent of the methamphetamine is slowly metabolized in the liver, and the end products are excreted through the kidneys, along with unmetabolized MA (about 40 percent is excreted unchanged) and small amounts of its pharmacologically active metabolite, amphetamine,” (Advokat, Comaty, & Julien, 2014, p. 217).

If needed, include factors such as supply, cultural attitudes to drug use, and the context of drug use.

I think culture plays a significant role in drug use. Culture is transmitted through the family. The way this worldview is taught in any particular family is unique because it is also influenced by the dynamics that shaped our parent’s in their childhood. Children usually imitate what they see, and if drug abuse is a norm in their family, most likely that child will become a drug abuser. Drug abuse not only can come from the home, but it can also come from social context and surroundings that includes the physical and social settings. Drug abuse can be imitated by friends and family.

Reference

Advokat, C. D., Comaty, J. E., & Julien, R. M. (2014). Julien’s primer of drug action: A comprehensive guide to the actions, uses, and side effects of psychoactive drugs (13th ed.). New York, NY: Worth Publishers.

Hoop JG, Layde J, Roberts LW. (2009). Ethical considerations in psychopharmacological treatment and research. In: Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB, eds. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychopharmacology. 4th ed. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc;1477-1495.