How well do you think the organizational structure works? Please explain. Should the structure be changed? Please explain how and why.

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The structure of an organization determines how job tasks and the reporting system are organized. Clearly, changes to an organization’s structure can significantly influence its operations. What may be less apparent is the impact change can have on the organization’s culture.

In this week’s Discussion, you will analyze the structure of an organization, as well as any trends it may be experiencing and the external pressures it faces.

To prepare for this Discussion:

  • Review the Learning Resources this week.
  • Consider the organization you currently work for or an organization where you previously worked.

Post a comprehensive response to the following:

  • Name the organization you chose and describe what it does.
  • How is the organization structured (i.e., centralized versus decentralized)?
  • How well do you think the organizational structure works? Please explain. Should the structure be changed? Please explain how and why.
  • What are trends in the organization? In other words, how might the organization change in the future?
  • What are the external pressures on the organization (i.e., health reform, economic pressures)?
  • If possible, include an organizational chart of the organization with your Discussion post.

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RESOURCES….

 

Robbins, S.P., & Judge, T. A. (2017). Essentials  of organizational behavior (14th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Organizational Behavior”
This chapter provides an overview of the field of organizational behavior, including the disciplines from which it stems. It also describes concepts that help improve organizational productivity.
Chapter 15, “Foundations of Organization Structure”
This chapter explores the six key elements of an organization’s structure. It also presents common organizational designs and their behavioral implications. Globalization, and its effect on organizational structure, also is addressed.

Whitelaw, K. (2010, January 11). Diversity efforts uneven in U.S. companies. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122329851

This article explores diversity in the workplace, citing Xerox as an example of a company that is implementing strong measures to ensure diversity. It describes the challenges that are facing companies in their attempt to introduce and maintain diversity in their corporate cultures. The article suggests that achieving meaningful diversity often requires culture changes as well.

Harrington, A. (2002, August 22). Question of comfort and control when creating a conducive office environment [Final edition]. The Scotsman, p. 21. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=154718641&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=70192&RQT=309&VName=PQD

This newspaper article analyzes physical and design factors at the workplace that are thought to influence employees’ satisfaction with their offices. It concludes that physical attributes of the workspace are less important to employees than the amount of control they have over their work.

Donkin, R. (1998, December 16). Performance and pay: Experiments conducted 70 years ago shed light on today’s fixation with incentives [London edition]. Financial Times, p. 30. Retrieved from http://ezp.waldenulibrary.org/login?url=http://proquest.umi.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/pqdweb?did=37200574&sid=1&Fmt=3&clientId=70192&RQT=309&VName=PQD

This account of the historic Hawthorne experiments reconsiders the relationship between incentives and motivation in promoting productivity.

 

Anergy Fun Engineers. (2005). History of team building and the Hawthorne Experiments. Retrieved from http://www.singaporeteambuilding.com/teambuilding/History_Teambuilding_the_Hawthorne_Experiments.htm

McNamara, C. (n.d.). Clearing up the language about organizational change and development. Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/organizationalchange/terms.htm

Refer to the author(s) by last name only in the text of the paper. This prevents gender bias. Do not use initials anywhere but in the references. To restate only refer to the authors by last names.

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Psychology in marketing and business

The paper must be written in past tense.

First and second person pronouns are not allowed in the paper, except in the critical analysis you can use first person singular words. You may not use first person plural or second person pronouns anywhere in your document.

Do not generalize and avoid absolutes, all, never, etc.

Check your grammar, and get someone to help you check it.

APA formatting is half the grade be sure your paper looks like the template, the purpose of the template is to show you the correct formatting. Pay particular attention to the running heads, title, headings, and capitalization, read the instructions on the template carefully.

Remember you can only reference and cite the one paper you actually read, do not reference or cite materials you did not personally read. There are two types of correct citations, contextual and parenthetical, examples of these are as follows:

Contextual citations occur in the text of what you are writing and are part of the sentence. For example, Smith and Jones (2012) described the process of measuring intelligence based on stable, comparative processes.

An alternative citation using a parenthetical citation is as follows.  The process of measuring intelligence was based on stable comparative processes (Smith & Jones, 2012).

Refer to the author(s) by last name only in the text of the paper. This prevents gender bias. Do not use initials anywhere but in the references. To restate only refer to the authors by last names.

You should have three to five references, the paper you read. Do not include the references the author of the original paper used, because you did not read those. Citations and references are breadcrumbs to show where you got your information, not where the original author got theirs. Three should be from the library databases.

Citations should be used frequently.

Be sure your references are formatted in APA style as the instructions tell you on the template, read the template and follow instructions it will make things much easier for you.

Remember also, you are critiquing an article, not writing about the subject matter. The introduction tells why the research was done, what was important about, the summary tells how it was done and what it means, the critical analysis is your point of view, what could have been better, etc.

The abstract is written last, it is the summary of your paper.

Finally, grammatically, paragraphs should be relatively short and focused about a specific idea, each page should have a minimum of two to three paragraphs.

The paper will include these:

Cover page

Abstract page

Introduction (at least one full page) The title of your paper appears at the top of page three as shown in the template – note everything is double spaced including space between headings and titles, do not add extra spaces.

Summary (at least two pages)

Critical Analysis (at least one full page)

Reference page with one reference – references are a page to themselves.

Demonstrate critical comparative psychology skills in order to determine important similarities and differences in the various counseling approaches and interventions using the different learning theories.

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This assignment requires that you synthesize your learning and reflection in the context of the following:
In your Reflective Paper, discuss some of the specific information you learned in this course and the value that they have added to your body of knowledge. Discuss the anticipated impact of this information on your personal and professional life. You may focus on two or three of the topics as a basis for your work:

  • State the major tenets of classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, and memory (as it relates to learning) as they apply to the field of psychology.
  • Explore and analyze the relevance of issues of diversity in learning and memory.
  • Develop and improve an ability to deconstruct different psychiatric disorders through the view of the learning theorist.
  • Demonstrate critical comparative psychology skills in order to determine important similarities and differences in the various counseling approaches and interventions using the different learning theories.

Must be 6 to 8 double-spaced pages, and formatted according to APA style as outlined in your approved APA style guide. (Please remember that body length does not include cover page or reference page).
Must include a cover page that includes:

  • Student’s name
  • Course name and number
  • Title of paper
  • Instructor’s name
  • Date submitted
  • Must include an introductory paragraph with a succinct thesis statement.
  • Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought. 
  • Must conclude with a restatement of the thesis and a conclusion paragraph.
  • Must use APA style as outlined in your approved APA style guide to document all sources. 
  • Must include at least two (2) relevant research articles which:
  1. support the methodological relevance of your topic,
  2. discuss previous work on research and analysis in the area, and
  3. cover research aspects of the evaluation methods of previous work and their current day implications and applications.

Must include, on the final page, a reference list that is completed according to APA style as outlined in your approved APA style guide.

Describe a learning experience of yours and determine if the motivation was intrinsic or extrinsic (or both).

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Child Behavioral Issues

A parent is seeking therapy for a child who is demonstrating behavioral issues at home and in school. This child is an only child, and the parents are happily married with no substantial issues. The parents are looking for ways create a more peaceful environment at home and at school. The child has not experienced any trauma physical or emotional in their life. The main issue is when the child does not get what they want a tantrum is thrown to include outburst of crying, and throwing objects.

Identify the US, CS, CR and provide an example of how you would work with the client to extinguish or replace the current CR.

Incorporate what you learned in this week’s assigned readings. Post should be at least 300 words.

Instrumental Conditioning

Learning theorists and psychologists seek to understand behavior, what promotes the continuation of behavior and what extinguishes it. Punishment is used as one tool in instrumental conditioning as modifying or exterminating a behavior.

Describe an instance in therapy that might call for use of punishment. After reading the APA code of conduct assigned in the week’s required readings discuss the ethical limitations (including the concepts of “Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence”–(http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html#principle_a (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.) towards using the use of this method of learning.

Post should be at least 300 words.

Learned Helplessness

Review the concept of learned helplessness in the assigned readings in the text and the supplemental article by Bargai, Ben-Shakhar, & Shalev (2007).

Analyze the role that learned helplessness plays in depression.

Discuss cognitive interventions that could be used in treating a client who is presenting with depression associated with learned helplessness.

Post should be at least 300 words.

Motivation

Every learning experience involves motivation, which the learner may be aware of prior to the learning experience or realizes only after reflection. Reviewing this weeks resources, compare the differences between extrinsic (incentive) and intrinsic motivation.

Is one form of motivation better for learning than the other? How so?

How does motivation play a role in the different theories of learning that you have read about up to this point?

Describe a learning experience of yours and determine if the motivation was intrinsic or extrinsic (or both).

Disruption in Memory

Disruption in memory can occur at different stages: retention, encoding, storage, or retrieval. Describe two factors that interfere in recall. Give examples of how this may be present in a client seeking counseling and how you would address the problem. Post should be at least 300 words

Learning Styles

How we differ in the ways that we learn has been of interest to psychologists and educators alike for the last several decades.

Distinguish between the three most supported learning style typologies: visualizer-verbalizer dimension, Kolb’s theory, and Sternberg’s theory. How does learning style influence counseling intervention and/or approach?

Post should be at least 300 words.