Which of the following is least likely to result in product innovations that have near-term commercial application?

1. Making plans for how products that have reached the end of their useful lives will be dealt with is the primary subject of.

		cradle-to-grave assessment.
		end-of-life programs.
		life-cycle analysis.
		three R’s programs.
		process mapping.2.    Which of the following is an example of a postponement tactic? mass customization standardization process mapping delayed differentiation service blueprinting3. Similar to that in manufacturing, the service scheduling hierarchy begins with __________ and ends with _________. aggregate planning; detailed daily scheduling aggregate planning; master scheduling master scheduling; detailed material planning aggregate planning; detailed material planning quarterly planning; monthly planning4. In a decision-making setting, if the manager has to contend with limits on the amount of information he or she can consider, this __________ can lead to a poor decision. bounded rationality suboptimization risk aversion misspecification complexification5. Which one of these is not used in decision making under risk? EVPI EMV decision trees minimax regret All are used for risk situations.

   6.   A decision maker’s worst option has an expected value of $1,000, and her best option has an expected value of $3,000. With perfect information, the expected value would be $5,000. The decision maker has discovered a firm that will, for a fee of $1,000, make her position-risk free. How much better off will her firm be if she takes this firm up on its offer?

		$5,000
		$4,000
		$3,000
		$2,000
		$1,0007. A systemic view of the organization and its operations processes can help minimize the risk of __________ leading to a poor decision. bounded rationality suboptimization risk aversion misspecification complexification8.   A tabular presentation that shows the outcome for each decision alternative under the various possible states of nature is called a. payoff table. feasible region. Laplace table. decision tree. payback period matrix.

		9.  Which of the following is least likely to result in product innovations that have near-term commercial application? process blueprinting development applied research quality function deployment basic research