Linguistics

ENG/LIN230 Introduction to Linguistics Eirini Panagiotidou

Final Exam Study Guide I

This study guide is designed to help you revise for our final exam. It should be

used as a guide. Not everything on this sheet will be on the exam, and

conversely there will be questions on the exam not covered on the sheet.

Please revise our previous study guides and homework assignments.

1. Choose one theory that describes the origins of language and present it in detail.

 

2. Choose one theory that describes the properties of human communication and

present it in detail. Explain how it differs from animal communication.

 

3. Identify the place and manner of articulation of the initial sounds of the following words.

 

a. table __________ b. bed ___________ c. garage __________ d. yellow __________ e. chariot __________ f. great __________ g. how___________ h. that ___________ i. police_____________ j. turkey_____________ k. summer_____________ l. box_________________ m. bottle_________________ n. desk ______________ o. man ___________

 

4. Give the conventional spelling for each of the following words:

a. /bɪˈgɪn/=

b. /əˈbaʊt /=

c. / ˈaɪ lənd/ /=

 

 

ENG/LIN230 Introduction to Linguistics Eirini Panagiotidou

d. /ˈlɛʒ ər/ =

e. / riˈsɜrtʃ/ /=

f. / ˌdʒi əˈgræf ɪ kəl /=

g. /pərˈsɛnt/ =

h. / ˈtʃæp əl/ /=

i. / ˈdɪf ər əns / =

j. /pɒr ɪdʒ/=

 

5. Transcribe the words using standard pronunciation:

a. may= _____________

b. plate= ______________

c. cat= ________________

d. present= ________________

e. arrive=__________________

f. spring=_________________

g. dress=_________________

h. window=_________________

i. together=_______________

j. niece=________________

k. fight=__________________

 

6. Which segments in the pronunciation of the following words are most likely to

be affected by elision?

 

a. favorite b. c. sandwich d. history

 

7. What is the difference between an open and a closed syllable? Indicate whether the

following syllables are open or closed:

 

a. pen

b. may

c. pine

d. knight

e. birch

f. hose

 

 

ENG/LIN230 Introduction to Linguistics Eirini Panagiotidou

g. kite

h. buy

 

8. Identify the allomorphs of the plural morpheme in the following sentences and

provide their morphological analysis:

 

a. Men and women were watching the ballet dancers performing the Swan Lake in

the park.

b. Deer are bouncing back from a devastating season of hemorrhagic disease, and

hunters are preparing to go after them.

 

c. From Roman ruins to more than 900 churches, there’s no lack of historic and

pilgrimage sites for travelers considering a trip to the Eternal City.

 

9. What are the functional and inflectional morphemes in the following sentence?

Local news reports said that the employees were throwing cartridges there and running a

bulldozer over them before the covered them with dirt and trash.

 

10. Create a labeled and bracketed analysis of the following sentences. Don’t forget to include the phrase structure rules.

 

a) The Johnsons bought a new house. b) They drove the car to the garage.

 

11. Draw the tree diagrams of the following sentences:

a) They went to Boston yesterday. b) The cat is under the blanket on the bed in the bedroom. c) They know that I know that you left yesterday.

18. Using semantic features, how would you explain the oddness of these sentences?

a) My cat cooks wonderful meals. b) This book is snoring loudly.

19. Identify the semantic roles of the following noun phrases.

The dog was playing with the cat in the living room when bell rang. They ran to door to greet

Mary who had arrived from school.

 

20. Which of the following sentences contain words best are described as examples of

 

 

ENG/LIN230 Introduction to Linguistics Eirini Panagiotidou

homonymy?

a) They tied a bow on Sarah’s violin bow. b) There are two bottles of their wine in the cellar. c) A couple of cranes are flying over the crane Bill is operating.