analyzing policies about child maltreatment in the United States

This assignment focuses on analyzing policies about child maltreatment in the United States, it is a growing national issue. This assignment is another opportunity to further apply 21st century technology skills as you create an informational brochure meant to inform the public in a variety of potential environments about child maltreatment in the United States and in a specific state of your choosing. Your finished brochure will be included in your website as part of the Week Six Final Project,  review theState of California (2014) website resources for services related to children’s and youth health, the CDCP (2014) website about preventing child maltreatment, the Child Help (2014) website programs page, and the CAPA (2014) webpage about their programs and services to learn about child maltreatment and policies related thereto.

Create your assignment using the content and written communication instructions below. Use the Grading Rubric to review your assignment before submission to ensure you have met the distinguished performance for each of the components described below. For additional assistance, review the Week Three Instructor Guidance and, if needed, contact the instructor for further clarifications using the Ask Your Instructor discussion. Additionally, add the flyer as a link or attachment to the page on your website titled Child Protection Services & Child Maltreatment.

Content Instructions

Using a digital software program such as Microsoft Publisher or Lucidpress.com, create a single-page, 3-panel, front-to back brochure that informs the public about the realities of child maltreatment in the United States and a specific state of your choosing. The brochure should be designed to appeal to audiences in a variety of settings, such as offices of school counselors or nurses, community centers and outreach facilities, public health facilities, and social services departments. Use the “Save As” option to save your brochure as a PDF. Submit the PDF version as your assignment for evaluation and include the attachment or link if constructed from an online source such asLucidpress to your website. Title (1 point): Include an engaging title for the brochure.

RESEARCH HOW DIFFERENT FORMS OF TECHNOLOGY HAVE IMPROVED MEDICAL CARE

RESEARCH HOW DIFFERENT FORMS OF TECHNOLOGY HAVE IMPROVED MEDICAL CARE

Your initial thesis and outline for your course project paper are due this module. Prepare a 1-2 page document containing you thesis and outline. Your outline will be the skeleton from which you will write your project. Your outline should contain an idea for your introduction, thesis, and at least two sections of a body comprised of a discussion on the technology advances. You may use any standard outline format. An idea for a conclusion should come at the end. For a summary of requirements, see the original assignment inModule 02 Course Project – Introduction.

Project Overview

Your project for this course is to develop a paper that provides an overview of how technology has been used to improve medical care. You have a choice of two options for this project:

Option 1 – Pick one or two of the medical specialties listed below. Research how different forms of technology have improved medical care in those specialties.

 

These medical specialties include:

  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Internal Medicine
  • Clinical Biochemical Genetics
  • Clinical Cytogenetic
  • Clinical Generics
  • Clinical Molecular Genetics
  • Medical Genetics
  • Neurological Surgery
  • Nuclear Medicine
  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Clinical Pathology
  • Anatomic Pathology and Clinical Pathology
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Pediatrics
  • Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Psychiatry
  • Neurology
  • Diagnostic Radiology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Surgery
  • Vascular Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Urology

Option 2 – Select an area of Health Information Technology (Laboratory, Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Home Health, Long Term Care, Nursing Homes Administrative, Radiology, Clinical Trials, Public Health, Prison System, Dental, Telemedicine, etc.) and research how that area uses healthcare delivery and health information technology. The areas of Health Information Technology include:

  • Laboratory
  • Rehabilitation
  • Psychiatry
  • Home Health
  • Long Term Care
  • Nursing Homes Administration
  • Radiology
  • Clinical TrialsPublic Health
  • Prison System
  • Dental
  • Telemedicine

Your final project is due in Module 10. There will be individual assignments along the way. The module they are due is noted in the time line below.

Time Line

Module Assignment
02 Introduction
03 Topic Selection
05 Annotated Bibliography
06 Outline/Thesis
08 Rough Draft
10 Final Paper

 

Requirements

You will write your paper based on an option selected and approved by the course faculty member. This project requires the use of at least sixreferences other than your textbook. The required length of the paper is a minimum of 6 pages with a maximum of 10 pages. These pages do not include the cover page and the reference page. APA formatting is mandatory.

As you write, keep the following in mind:

  • Use clear, concise, complete sentences, transitions between paragraphs, and standard mechanics in spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
  • Use reliable sources on the Internet, your college’s Online Library, or from your own local library. Use in-text citations in the body of the paper.
  • Compile all your research references on your References Page. Follow APA format for citing your research sources. For APA guidelines, go to your college’s online library which you can access through the Resources tab.

Evaluation

Each assignment leading up to the final assignment is evaluated and graded independently. Your instructor will provide specific grading criteria for each step of the project prior to its due date.

For Further Questions

If you have further questions throughout this project, please ask your Instructor. Post ideas and questions for your classmates in the General Course Questions forum in theGetting Started folder of this course.

Strategies to ensure that effective care is provided and medicai errors are minimized

The Quality And Efficiency Of Medicare We suggest that the first task for Medicare reform is to improve the quality of care. We have identified three categories of unwarranted variation affecting the quality and efficiency of care supported by the Medicare program. To address these shortcomings, we propose the following goals for Medicare reform: (1) eliminate underprovision of effective care; (2) establish patient safety; (3) reduce scien- ^ tific uncertainty through outcomes research; (4) establish shared MEDICARE wiO5 decision making for preference-based treatments, chronic disease management, and end-of-life care; (5) establish accountabihty for capacity; and (6) promote conservative practice when greater care is wasteful if not harmful. The strategies described below have been demonstrated in selected specific settings to achieve these goals. • Strategies to ensure that effective care is provided and medicai errors are minimized. The organizational structure of medical care is critical in ensuring that effective care is not underused. Integrated health systems such as staff- and group-model HMOs can deliver effective care to almost all of their enrollees, although they are losing market share to less tightly structured health plans. (By contrast, HMOs that contract with individual physician groups [the “network” model] have been less successful in implementing these quahty standards.) A few exemplary organizations, working voluntarily, have developed the administrative and research infrastructure to implement “best practices” and have consequently reduced mortality and morbidity resulting from medical errors. Notable projects include the Northern New England Cardiovascular Study Group and Intermountain Health Systems.^^ Yet these examples are not common, and there is no mechanism in the Medicare program designed to reward providers that adopt these best-practice strategies. • Strategies to improve the quaiity of patient-physician deciHEALT H AFFAIR S – i 3 Februar y 200 2MEDICAR E “Shared decision making has not loeen widely implemented, perhaps because of fears about loss of autonomy and income.” sions regarding treatment for wiiicii patients’ preferences shouid piay a roie. Research on health outcomes is important to remedy significant gaps in scientific knowledge. Throughout the 1990s the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quahty (AHRQ) undertook programs that encouraged leading health care organizations to develop research programs, and, more recently, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has supported networks of chnical trials to evaluate the outcomes of treatment options involving preferencesensitive surgery.^^ The Maine Medical Assessment Foundation has demonstrated that providers wiil respond to practice variations by participating in outcomes research.^” Many surgical procedures involve important trade-offs that should depend on patients’ preferences.^^ Shared decision making, in which decision support systems are used to provide patients with balanced information about treatment options for their specific disease, is designed to provide a ^^^^^””^ better match between patients’ preferences and the treatment they REFORM receive. It also has led to changes in the demand for intensive treatments. In most studies of shared decision making, overall surgery rates have dechned. Shared decision making has not been widely implemented, perhaps because of providers’ fears about loss of autonomy and income.

Does greater overall health care intensity from the provision of “supply-sensitive” medical care result in better health outcomes?

In the case of preference-sensitive care, the significance of the HEALT H AFFAIR S – We b Exclusiv eMEDICAR E REFOR M EXHIBIT 3 Comparison Of Medicare Spending, Supply-Sensitive Care, Preference-Sensitive Care, And Effective Care For Orange County, Miami, Minneapolis, And Portland Hospitai Referrai Regions, 1995-199 6 Ratio to Minneapolis region • Orange County (CA) 6.0 Miami (FL) • I Minneapolis (iVIN) • Portland (OR) Medicare spending SOURCE: Dartmouth Atlas of Health Care, 1995-96 database. NOTE: Rates are given as ratio to Minneapoils hospitai referrai region (vaiued as 1.0). ^ Care provided per decedent in the iast six months of iife. *> See Exhibit 2 for definitions. variation in use rates cannot be strictly interpreted from the point of view of the patients’ welfare, since it is not clear whether patients actually had much of a say in determining which treatment they received. Chnical studies of shared decision-making programs designed to inform patients about the treatment options available for low-back pain, prostatic hyperplasia, and stable angina do, however, suggest that the amount of surgery now provided in many regions exceeds what an informed Medicare population would demand.”’ Does greater overall health care intensity from the provision of “supply-sensitive” medical care result in better health outcomes? To address this question, we have evaluated the natural experiments afforded by the variations in care intensity among regions. Studies at the population level indicate no net advantage in terms of life expectancy for Medicare enrollees living in regions with more hospital resources (and hospitahzations) and greater care intensity as measured by more aggressive treatment patterns during the last six months of life.’^ Longitudinal (cohort) studies of patients with similar diseases (such as hip fracture) who have been followed for a number of years also show that patients living in high-careintensity regions gain no survival advantage over those in lowintensity regions.” HEALT H AFFAIR S – J 3 Februar y 200 2MEDICAR E The major limitation of these studies is the possibility that beneficiaries in high-spending regions could achieve gains in their quality of life. Several lines of research provide at least suggestive evidence that quality of life in high-intensity regions may not be better than in low-intensity regions. First, case-mix-acijusted longitudinal studies of Medicare beneficiaries found that those residing in highintensity regions achieved no gain in relief from angina or improvement in function.^” Second, two randomized trials testing the impact of greater medical care intensity for pal:ients with chronic disease found no benefit in terms of functional status and quahty of life.^’ Third, evidence from the Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatment (SUPPORT) study suggests a poor match between patients’ preferences and how patients with severe chronic illness are actually treated. Patients who stated that they would prefer an out-of-hospital death were no less likely to die in a hospital than were patients who expressed a preference for an in-hospital death. What did matter was local hospital capacity: The overall supply of hospital resources in the region effectively predicted whether the patient died in a hospital.^^ Be- —^^^•^•H cause most elderly people express a preference for a less intensive W104 MEDICARE approach to care as death approaches, greater intensity could lead to REFORM poorer quality of care among this group.