What specific visual similarities do you observe in these three sculptures?

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By the due date assigned, respond to the assigned discussion questions and submit your responses to the appropriate Discussion Area. Start reviewing and responding to your classmates as early in the week as possible.

Question 1: Renaissance and Baroque Sculpture in Italy

The biblical hero David was a popular subject for sculpture and painting throughout the Renaissance and into the Baroque period. By studying, comparing, and contrasting sculptures of David created in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries, you can begin to see the stylistic changes that occurred across these centuries. In a minimum of 3 well-developed paragraphs, compare and contrast the following 3 sculptures of David:

  1. Early Renaissance: Donatello. David. 1446-1460.
  2. High Renaissance: Michelangelo. David. 1501-1504.
  3. Baroque. Gianlorenzo Bernini. David. 1623.

In your comparison, discuss:

  • What specific visual similarities do you observe in these three sculptures?
  • What specific differences do you see? Consider the representation of the figure, additional objects portrayed, and the role of the viewer for each sculpture
  • How has the attitude of David changed between these three representations?
  • How is each sculpture representative of the time period and style in which it was created?

Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific works of art that you have read about this week, talking about how they illustrate and support your ideas.

Question 2: Dutch Baroque Painting

As we learned this week, Dutch Baroque art showed the influence of Protestantism and the middle-class merchants and traders who served as patrons. Dutch Baroque artists created portraits, still lifes, landscapes, and genre scenes of domestic life.

In a minimum of 2 well developed paragraphs, discuss how the following paintings reflect the social and historical context of sixteenth-century Holland. Consider the influence of religion, commerce, social structure, and/or patrons of the art in your response. Offer specific examples of how the subject of each painting reflects the society and culture in which it was created.

  1. Frans Hals, Officers of the Haarlem Militia Company of Saint Adrian, c. 1627
  2. Rembrandt van Rijn, The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp, 1632
  3. Johannes Vermeer, Woman Holding a Balance, c. 1664

Be sure to explain your ideas clearly and support them by discussing specific works of art that you have read about this week, talking about how they illustrate and support your ideas.

Respond to both questions as thoroughly as possible, making sure to use information from the readings and the lectures. All responses should be in complete sentence form, using proper spelling and grammar.

As soon as possible, review and comment on the work of two of your peers (click the rubric below to learn how to achieve the most credit). In your comments, consider areas you would suggest for expansion or clarification.

What do the sponsors of the proposed boycott hope to achieve with these resolutions?What evidence do the sponsors present that such tactics might prove successful?

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axation without Representation

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Overview 

One of the most important skills a historian develops is the ability to evaluate historical documents. This evaluation concerns asking questions of the documents that allows a historian to have insight in a particular topic or period being investigated. This week’s documents relate to the weekly module topic. This week’s documents relate to the weekly module topic of culture and cultural interaction. If you still need help prioritizing your questions of the document go to the Document Interpretation Tutorial Page. Use the questions below to learn how to analyze various types of sources and to become an historian yourself.

Directions

In this weekly discussion assignment you will need to:

  1. Choose one of the documents below to read.
  2. Write a 250-500 word initial post and and present your interpretation of the document and the material you have been introduced to in this module.This is due by: Thursday, 11:59 pm.
  3. Respond to at least 2 other classmates’ interpretations. Your response is due by: Sunday 11:59 pm.

 Peter Oliver; Origin and Progress of the American Rebellion: A Tory View (Links to an external site.)

  • What was Oliver’s opinion of the duties England imposed on the colonies?
  • How did Oliver describe the colonist who protested these measures? What kinds of adjectives did he use?
  • What is the point of the story at the end, about the horse and the sheep

Benjamin Franklin, Testimony Against the Stamp Act (Links to an external site.)

  • Where does Franklin lay the blame should violence emerge from the Stamp Act controversy? Why?
  • According to Franklin, what kinds of action are the colonist ready to take to pretest the levying of internal taxes by Parliament ?

James Otis,  The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved (Links to an external site.)

  • Some contemporaries of Otis interpreted this document as a radical challenge to the authority of the king and parliament.  Others saw it simply as a clear expression of the rights of British citizens in both Britain and the colonies.  With which side do you agree? Why?
  • What does Otis believe is the role of government?
  • Whom does Otis blame for the violations of American’s rights?

Slave Petition to the House of Representatives in Massachusetts Bay (Links to an external site.)

  • What were the multiple reasons the petitioners listed for ending slavery?
  • What are the specific references to the Declaration of Independence?
  • What, in your opinion, is the most convincing argument in the petition?

Virginia Nonimportation Resolutions (Links to an external site.)

  • What do the sponsors of the proposed boycott hope to achieve with these resolutions?What evidence do the sponsors present that such tactics might prove successful?
  • What analogy do the subscribers use to describe themselves should they submit to Parliament’s taxation?
  • Why is this analogy significant coming from Virginia?

Describe two (2) outcomes of the 3/5ths Compromise, Missouri Compromise of 1820, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott Decision. Note: Be sure to provide two (2) outcomes for each legislation.

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America became a free independent nation. With the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the former mother country, England, recognized that its children, the colonies, were now on their own. A constitutional republic was birthed, thus the challenges began. Slavery, the “Peculiar Institution,” was a monumental issue facing the country. Would it die or would it survive and possibly take a nation divided with it? This sectionalism followed Americans up into the Civil War. Dissect this crisis by addressing parts I and II below.

For the next part of this assignment you will create an outline of the main points you want to address in this paper. This will serve as the basis for your Assignment 2.2 Final Draft. (Note: Please use the Purdue Owl Website to assist you with this assignment; this website can be accessed at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/55/

Part 1:

  1. Write a thesis statement that is one to two (1-2) sentences long in which you:
    1. State your thesis on the significance of this slavery issue, as exemplified in your research. Justify your response.

For the first part of this assignment you will create a thesis statement. A thesis statement is usually a single sentence somewhere in your first paragraph that presents your main idea to the reader. The body of the essay organizes the material you gather and present in support of your main idea. Keep in mind that a thesis is an interpretation of a question or subject, not the subject itself. (Note: Please consult the Purdue OWL Website with tips on how to construct a proper thesis; the website can be found at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/545/01/

Part 2:
For the next part of this assignment you will create an outline of the main points you want to address in this paper. This will serve as the basis for your Assignment 2.2 Final Draft. (Note: Please use the Purdue Owl Website to assist you with this assignment; this website can be accessed at: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/55/

2. Write a one to two (1-2) page outline in which you:

  1. Describe two (2) outcomes of the 3/5ths Compromise, Missouri Compromise of 1820, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the Dred Scott Decision. Note: Be sure to provide two (2) outcomes for each legislation.
  2. Suggest three (3) reasons why slavery was and is incompatible with our political and economic system.
  3. List three to five (3-5) driving forces that led to the Civil War.
  4. Use at least three (3) academic references besides or in addition to the textbook. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Recognize the main factors that led to America’s early development.
  • Identify and discuss the different ways that the heritages of slavery, the Civil War, and Reconstruction have shaped America’s history.
  • Summarize and discuss the ways that formal policies of government have influenced the direction of historical and social development in the United States.
  • Examine how changes in social and economic conditions and technology can cause corresponding changes in the attitudes of the people and policies of the government.
  • Specify ways that women and minorities have responded to challenges and made contributions to American culture.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in American History to 1865.
  • Write clearly and concisely about American History to 1865 using proper writing mechanics

Do some kinds of art (music, for example) express the truth more fully than others? How so? How does the idea and purpose of art differ across cultures?

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Reality, Art, and Truth.

This 6-8 page essay assignment will be completed in three parts and will draw upon the material from Weeks 1, 2, and 3. You may want to use section headers to organize your paper. Remember to explain the theories you reference with supporting citations to the textbook and online lectures in correct APA format. Here is a guide to help you with APA-style citations. Use this APA Citation Helper as a convenient reference for properly citing resources.

I. The Self

Discuss the avocado idea of the self and explain at least one version of the idea that human beings have a shared essential nature.  Contrast this account with the artichoke idea of the self (drawing upon phenomenology and existentialism to develop your account) and a discussion of how the modern/avocado and postmodern/artichoke ideas of the self differ. You may use your analysis from the Week 2 and 3 discussion assignments to develop your account in Part I.

II. Truth and Reality

Discuss how these ideas of the self are disclosed in art by choosing an example of a character/narrator/subject in a work of art (novel, poem, film, graphic novel, short story, television show, song, painting, etc.) who you think captures the avocado/modern idea that we have an essential, shared human nature and that the self and the world are distinct entities. Then, choose an example of a work of art that you think illustrates the artichoke/post-modern idea of the self.  Consider the following ideas and questions in your analysis of these two examples:

  1. Are the self and the material world distinct entities, as Descartes thinks? What are some examples of representative art that illustrate the idea that the subject/mind and the object/world/body are distinct? Alternatively, are the self and the world organic unities, as Schelling argues? How might artistic creation express this unity of subject and object? 
  2. Is art mimesis/representation (as in Platonism and Aristotelian aesthetics) or is it a means of transforming the self and reality? Might it be aspirational, allowing us to achieve catharsis, as Aristotle suggests? Consider, too, how the idea of art as representation is akin to the avocado view while the idea of art as transformative is more like the artichoke view.

III. Art and Philosophy

  1. What is the relationship between art and philosophy? Do you agree with Descartes that logic and critical thinking are the best means of achieving certainty about reality and existence, or is your view more akin to the perspective of Keats, Schelling,  Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and/or Heidegger that art is the ultimate expression of truth? How are these views a rejection of the natural standpoint we see adopted by empiricism and rationalism and rejected by phenomenology?
  2. Do some kinds of art (music, for example) express the truth more fully than others? How so? How does the idea and purpose of art differ across cultures?