Describe how you arrived at this diagnosis and what behaviors and/or symptoms met the criteria for this diagnosis. 

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Unfortunately, individuals living with a co-occurring mental disorder are more likely to abuse drugs or alcohol. One population that has struggled with substance abuse and comorbidity is veterans returning from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. Their returning to society after witnessing traumatic events and not always having the appropriate resources or treatment has contributed to substance abuse-related disorders. Understanding the prevalence of comorbidity of substance abuse and addiction with certain mental health diagnoses is important for clinical practice.

For this Discussion, review the Levy Family video. Then read the articles on your reading list for this week, including Jake’s case. Finally, identify the presenting problem for Jake Levy.

· Post a clinical diagnosis of Jake using the DSM-5 criteria, ICD-10-CM and the information presented in the Levy Family video and case. 

· Describe how you arrived at this diagnosis and what behaviors and/or symptoms met the criteria for this diagnosis. 

· Be sure to use the inputs from Other Conditions That May Be a Focus of Clinical Attention. 

· Analyze your diagnosis and the comorbidity of substance use and other disorders that exist in this case study. What would be your first area of focus in treating Jake?

References (use 3 or more)

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing.

· “Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders” (pp. 481–590)

Muthén, B. (2006). Should substance use disorders be considered as categorical or dimensional? Addiction, 101, 6–16.

Nash, D., Wilkinson, J., Paradis, B., Kelley, S., Naseem, A., & Grant, K. (2011). Trauma and substance use disorders in rural and urban veterans. The Journal of Rural Health, 27(2), 151–158.

Nunes, E. V., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2006). Comorbidity of substance use with depression and other mental disorders: From Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) to DSM-V. Addiction, 101, 86–96.

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014). Sessions: Case histories. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].

· “The Levy Family”

Room, R. (2006). Taking account of cultural and societal influences on substance use diagnoses and criteria. Addiction, 101, 31–39.

Sheidow, A. J., McCart, M., Zajac, K., & Davis, M. (2012). Prevalence and impact of substance use among emerging adults with serious mental health conditions. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 35(3), 235–243. doi:10.2975/35.3

Discussion 2:
Policy Implementation Challenges

When a policy is launched, its success is dependent on a variety of stakeholders. As the politics of decision makers, executives, staff, clients, and social workers begin to influence the implementation process, their beliefs—and subsequent actions—determine the fate of the policy.

Often a social worker must step out of the comfort of his or her social service world and may find himself or herself making difficult decisions about ethical issues and/or may find himself or herself involved in implementing policies that he or she feels is against his or her social work values. How does a social worker handle the intricacies and challenges of policy implementation on both a personal and professional level?

In this Discussion, you explore policy implementation and the challenges faced by social workers during policy implementation.

· Post your thoughts on whether social workers might try to undermine the implementation of specific policies. What ethical issues might they confront? Discuss how social workers can implement policies that they feel may be against their social work values. Discuss a specific policy’s impact that you would try to mitigate in the implementation phase. Provide an experience you have had with a policy you had difficulty implementing or a policy you are aware of that you would have serious qualms about implementing.

References (use 3 or more)

Jansson, B. S. (2018). Becoming an effective policy advocate: From policy practice to social justice (8th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Series.

Chapter 13, “Troubleshooting the Implementation of Policies in Task 7” (pp. 460-487)

Lane, S. R., & Humphreys, N. A. (2011). Social workers in politics: A national survey of social work candidates and elected officials. Journal of Policy Practice, 10(3), 225–244. doi:10.1080/15588742.2011.582809

Explain how unfavorable life experiences and personal attributes associated with teenage parenthood increase the chances that it will be repeated in the next generation.

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There are 7 different discussion posts here. I decided to post them all together so that im not paying so many fees and probably better for you as well. They only need to be around 1/2 page and can be pretty opinionated. Please just put them all in one document and I will fix all of that on my end. Thank you so much for all of your help!!!!

 

 

 

 

Explain how unfavorable life experiences and personal attributes associated with teenage parenthood increase the chances that it will be repeated in the next generation.

 

 

Review the text regarding thedevelopment of autobiographical memory. Using what you learned, explain why preschoolers’ eyewitness testimonyis usually less accurate than that of older children. What situational factors make children’sreporting more inaccurate?

 

 

Using what you learned about brain development in Chapter 5 (pages 186-192), explain why intensive intervention for poverty-stricken children starting in infancy and continuing through early childhood has a greater impact on IQ than intervention starting later. Discuss the benefits of early intervention programs such as Head Start and outline what program characteristics may contribution to and strengthen those benefits.

 

 

Fran frequently corrects her17-month-old son’s attempts to talk and because she is fearful that he won’tuse his words she refuses to respond to his gestures. How might Fran be contributing to her son’sslow language progress?

 

 

Describe and explain changes in the structure and level of self-esteem from early childhood to adolescence. In addition, should parents try to promote children’s self-esteem by telling them they are “smart” or “wonderful”? Are children harmed if they do not feel good about everything they do? Why or why not?

 

 

List findings indicating that language and communication between parents and children, between teachers and children, and between peers, powerfully affect children’s gender stereotyping and gender-role behavior. What recommendations would you make to counteract these influences?

 

 

Explain why authoritative parenting is linked to favorable academic and social outcomes among adolescents. Is the concept of authoritative parenting useful for understanding effective parenting across cultures? Explain (Chapter 14). Explain how authoritative parenting in which parents are warm, firm in their expectations, and consistent in monitoring activities impacts a child’s vulnerability to peer pressure (Chapter 15).

Describe how increasing the size of the sample affects he stanard erro and the likelihood of rejecting null hypothesis

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ean is found to be M = 75 and the variance is s2 = 100.

a. If the sample has n = 4 scores, then calculate the estimated standard error and determine whether the sample is sufficient to conclude that the treatment has a significant effect? Use a two-tailed test with alpha = 0.05

b. If the sample has n=25 scores, then calculate the estimate standard error and determine whether the sample is sufficient to conclude that the treatment has a significant effect? Use a two-tailed test with alpha = 0.05

c. Describe how increasing the size of the sample affects he stanard erro and the likelihood of rejecting null hypothesis

 

2.A researcher is testing the effect of a new cold and flu medication on mental alertness. A sample of n=9 college students is obtained and each student is given the normal dose of the medicine. Thirty minutes later, each students performance is measured on a video game that requires careful attention and quick decision making. The scores for the nine students are as follows: 6,8,10,6,7,13,5,5,3.

a. Assuming that scores for students in the regular population average u=10, are the data sufficient to conclude that the medication has a significant effect on mental performance? Test at the .05 level of significance.

 

b. Compute r2, the percentage of variance explained by treatment effect.

 

c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would be presented in a research report.

 

3.A researcher conducts an independent-measures study examining how the brain chemical serotonin is related to aggression. One sample of rats serves as a control group and receives a placebo that does not affect normal levels of serotonin. A second sample of rats receives a drug that lowers brain levels of serotonin. Then the researcher tests the animals by recording the number of aggressive responses each of the rats display. The data are as follows.

Control Low Serotonin
n = 10 n = 15
M = 14 M = 19
SS = 180.5 SS = 130.0
a. Does the drug have a significant effect on aggression? Use an alpha level of .05, two
tails.

 

4. An educational psychologist studies the effect of frequent testing on retention of class material. In one section of an introductory course, students are given quizzes each week. A second section of the same course receives only two tests during the semester. At the end of the semester, both sections take the same final examination. The summarized scores below frequent quizzesn=20, M=73, two exams- n=20;M=68.

 

a. If the sample variance is s2=38 and second has s2=42, do the data indicate that testing frequency has siggnificant effect on performance? Use a two tailed test at the .05 level of signifficance. (note because the two samples are the same size, the pooled variance is simply the average of the two sample variances.)

 

b. If the first sample variance is s2=84 and the second sample has s2=96, to tge data indicate that testing has signifficant effect? Again use a two tailed test with Alpha=.05.

 

c. Describe how the size of the variance effects the outcome of the hypothesis testing?

 

5. The following data are from an independent-measures experiment comparing two treatment conditions.

treatment 1 is 4,5,12,10,10,7 and treatment 2 is 19,11,18,10,12,14.

 

a. Do these data indicate a signifficant difference between the tretment at the 0.5 level of significance?

b.wWrite a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

 

6. One of the major advantages of a repeated-measures desing is that it removes individulal differences from the variance and therefore reduces the standard error. The follwing two sets of data demonstrate this fact. The 1st set of data represents the original results from a repeated measures study. To create the 2nd set of data we started with the original scores but increased the individual differences by adding 10points to each score for subject B, adding 20 points to each score for subject C and adding 30 points to each score for subject D. Note that this change produces a huge increase in the difference from one subject to another and a huge increase in the variability of the scores within each treatment condition

 

Set 1.                                                Set 2.

Subject     I          II                        Subject         I      II

A            12         14                          A            12    14

B             7         17                           B            17     27

C            11        12                           C            31     33

D            10        12                           D            40     42

 

M=10    M=14                                    M=25    M=29

SS14  SS=14                        SS=494 SS=414

 

a. Find the difference scored for each set of data and compute the mean and variance for each sample of difference scores.

 

b. You should find that both sets of data produce the same mean difference and the same variance for the difference scores. Explain what happend to the huge individual difference that were added to the second set of data.

 

 

7. A researcher would like to examine how the chemical tryptophan, contained in foods such as turkey, can affect mental alertness. A sample of n = 9 college students is obtained and each student’s performance on a familiar video game is measured before and after eating a traditional Thanksgiving dinner including roast turkey. The average score dropped by M = 14 points after the meal with SS = 1152 for the difference scores.

a. Is there is significant difference in performance before eating versus after eating? Use a two-tailed test with = .05.

b. Compute r2 to measure the size of the effect.

c. Write a sentence demonstrating how the outcome of the test and the measure of effect size would appear in a research report.

 

8. A researcher would like to determine if relaxation training will affect the number of headaches for chronic headache sufferers. For a week prior to training, each participant records the number of headaches suffered. Participants then receive relaxation training and for the week following training the number of headaches is again measured. The data are as follows: Before–After 6–4 5–1 3–3 3–1 6–2 2–1 4–3 4–2

a. Compute the mean and variance for a sample of different scores.

b. DO the result indicate a significant differnce? Use a two tailed test with a=.05

 

9. A teacher gives a third grade class of n=16 a reading skills test at the beginning of the school year. To evaluate the changes that occur during the year, students are tested again at the end of the year. Their test scores revealed an average improvement of MD=4.7 points.

a.If the variance for the difference scores is s2=144, are the results sufficient to conclude that there is significant improvement? Use a one-tailed test with a=0.05.

b. If the variane for the difference score is reduced to s2=64,are the result sufficient to conclude that there is signifficant improvement? Use a two tailed test with aplha=.05

c. Describe the effect on reducing the variance of the difference score.

These two 10 and 11 are short answers questions

10. Develop a unique example scenario where you as a researcher would analyze your data using an independent sample desing.

11. Alternatively, develop a unique example scenario where you would analyze your data using a related sample design. For this example scenario, pretend that you suspect you might have a attrition (or drop out) in between your data collection times. What could you do at the design phase to counteract this attrition

Identify areas where your own original recommendations or      evaluation was similar to or different from your colleagues’ original      evaluation and explain why.

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Respond to at least two colleagues by doing all of the following:

  • Offer an analysis of their evaluations and subsequent      recommendation. Note both strengths and areas that could be improved. 
  • Identify areas where your own original recommendations or      evaluation was similar to or different from your colleagues’ original      evaluation and explain why.

Colleague 1: Kamran

Chris the social worker and her team of caseworkers are using a strategy that blends elements of geriatric case management with short-term treatment methods, they are primarily using the solution-focused and task-centered models. As part of their continuous practice, the team regularly conducts practice evaluations.  To evaluate its practice approach, the team used a multiple-baseline, single-subject design. Each of the full-time case managers on the team selected one client new to the caseload to participate in the study. The research project is explained to clients by their respective case manager and sign informed consent paperwork in order to participate. As part of the practice process, the case manager uses clinical rating scales that are adapted from the task-centered model. At the beginning of each client meeting, the case manager and client collaboratively evaluate how well the practice steps or tasks that are undertaken by the client and/or case manager were completed using a 10-point clinical scale. While concurrently, they evaluated changes to the respective client problems, also using a 10-point clinical scale (Plummer Makris & Brocksen, 2014b).

The outcome of Chris’s study with her client George would lead me to adopt this model of case management with solution focused and task-centered approaches because the basic logic underlying single subject research (SSR) is straightforward. Data on the behavior of interest which is collected over a period of time until the baseline rate is clearly established.  The intervention then introduced as data continue to be collected. Repeated measurement of the dependent variables over a period of time, is central to SSR. being accurate with high levels of control and validity (Mattaini, 2010). Also, Chris and her team met many quality indicators, that must be present and adequately addressed for a study to be a credible example of single-subject research which includes a description of participants and setting, dependent variable, independent variable, baseline, experimental control/internal validity, external validity, and social validity (Tankersley, Cook, & Cook, 2008). Chris and her team are doing clinical practice research by using a single-subject design because they are fairly easy to implement and can provide very useful information on a case level. While their empirical strength is often considered weak, their applicability and usefulness make them a good method for clinical practice and, if following multiple baseline designs, they can provide good research data as well (Plummer, Makris & Brocksen, 2014b).

I believe that Chris and her team’s research and the data that they recorded in the study and outcomes are adequate to be considered as evidenced-based research in order to support some types of programs. If Chris and her coworkers wanted to submit the study to an evidence-based practice registry, they may be required to develop and add an evaluation segment to their documentation. Other factors that Chris’s team should consider is how individuals with certain characteristics will respond to the intervention, and how the sampling variability was done. The study Chris and her colleagues conducted is I believe is sufficient to state that it is a form of evidence-based practice. The study might have met their needs for their organization, although it could use more detail in many aspects of their research process to be considered an actual program in an evidenced-based registry (Dudley, 2010).

References

Dudley, J. R. (2014). Social work evaluation: Enhancing what we do. (2nd ed.) Chicago, IL: Lyceum Books. Chapter 9, “Is the Intervention Effective?” (pp. 226-244)

Mattaini, M. A.(2010). Single-system studies. In B. Thyer (Ed.). The handbook of social research methods (2nd ed., p.241-273). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. (PDF)

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader]. Social Work Research: Single Subject (pp. 70–72)

Tankersley, M., Cook, B. G., & Cook, L. (2008). A preliminary examination to identify the presence of quality indicators in single-subject research. Education & Treatment of Children, 31(4), 523–548.

Colleague 2: Rachel

Chris is a MSW for a geriatric case management program that wants to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term treatment approach, combining case management was solution-focused and task-centered goals with a practice approach of a multiple-baseline, single-subject design.  Chris is client, George enter the program after he was hospitalized for fainting in public. There was no medical reasoning for his feet other than signs of slight cognitive impairments and dementia.  The caseworker did an assessment of needs for the client which included personal care, decrease in mobility, and longer-term planning around living arrangement and home safety. At the beginning of each session, the client and social worker evaluated the task-centered approach on a 10 point scale.  The results showed that most needs were at least partially addressed and some task were completed.  The outcome of Chris’s study with her client George would lead me to adopt the model of case management which solution focused on task centered approach is because it is a collaborative approach including the client. The client is able to generate task with the social worker that are measurable and reachable.  George previously lost his wife two years ago, so the task centered model would help to keep him busy with a smaller chance of depression symptoms.  Also, the social worker and client are collaboratively scoring the task at the beginning of each session which allows the client to review his progress.  One recommendation for improvement Chris could consider is treatment for his slight cognitive impairments and dementia. These factors could greatly improve his scores each session. Due to these factors, he could be doing great at completing tasks at home, but may not be able to recall during his sessions.  Although I would personally adopt this model, if Chris wanted to submit their intervention to an evidence-based registry, she would have to provide more research (Plummer, Makris, & Brocksen, 2014).

Reference:

Plummer, S.-B., Makris, S., & Brocksen S. (Eds.). (2014b). Social work case studies: Concentration year. Baltimore, MD: Laureate International Universities Publishing. [Vital Source e-reader].“Social Work Research: Single Subject” (pp. 70–72)

 

RESPONSE 2

Respond to at least two colleagues by addressing an example in each colleague’s post in at least one of the following ways:

  • Suggest a strategy for addressing a situation that your      colleague described in one of his or her examples. 
  • Offer additional thoughts regarding the impact of the interaction      described in the example.

Colleague 1: MaShunda

How a social work administrator’s personal leadership philosophy style may influence a human service organization culture

The culture of an organization can affect how business if being completed with stakeholders, clients, workers and the community. Leadership philosophy style can dictate and affect the culture of an organization. If the culture of administration is Authoritarian, others may find that while the administration is well organized,  it can also be controlling and individuals are not allowed to have a say in what is taking place within the organization which can diminish how a person views his or goals within the organization (Northhouse, 2018). Example, when I worked for the Department of Social Services we were not allowed to socialize with colleagues, we had to always share with our supervisor what we were doing (even share when we were going to the restroom), we had a set quota of work that needed to be completed each day (even if you were the person that was doing intake for the day), and workers were never given the opportunity to share their concerns. This made for a very stressful work environment and a high turnover rate within the department. On the other hand, this could be the perfect administration for someone just starting out in the human service field, due to the authoritarian style being more structure it will a good learning environment (Northhouse, 2018).

In a Democratic organization, administration shows a willingness to assist each other and work together to complete a common goal. This organization may not be as organized as an authoritative organization but does give individuals that opportunity to grow, is goal orientated, and work with followers (Northhouse, 2018). Example, in the organization that I currently work for I am a community-based worker so supervision is minimal most of the time. The company is very knowledgeable about staff goals and always attempts to assist staff in reaching their goals.   Workers make their own schedules but meet with supervisors weekly to discuss how administration challenges impact their work. Although I am in the field, I still feel as if I am apart of the organization and that may need are being met. Most of the individuals that I have met while working with this organization have been there for years due to the administration often hiring from within and learning staff goals and strengths. The downside is that there is no real structure because you are by yourself most of the time and the individuals have to be task-oriented to ensure that agency and client expectation are met.

Explain how the organization’s culture might influence a social worker administrators personal leadership style

An administrator leadership style is often times dictated by the culture of the organization. As an administrator, I have found that my personal leadership style is more on the Democratic side so working within an organization that has a totally authoritative culture is a little difficult for me at times. I like to take into consideration what is taking place with followers, learn the strengths of staff and make adjustments accordingly and in an authoritative culture, this is not always acceptable behavior. Also, I come from an educational career path so I love teachable moments and to assist individuals with reaching goals. I do believe in meeting the needs of the agency but in my opinion, you don’t have to be authoritative to get the job done. I feel as if I cannot share my thoughts or creative side then I am doing the agency or organization and injustice and stifling the chances of growth.

Explain how interactions with stakeholders may ultimately impact the organization’s treatment of clients

In dealing with stakeholders that sway more to towards the Theory X way of doing business, the organization may not take into consideration how the client feels or if client needs are always being met. Theory X stakeholder may only see the bottom line which could take away the human side of dealing with a client in the community or office setting. Stakeholders taking on this style may not have much communication with clients because they are only sharing with organization how they need to address clients.

If stakeholders are more of the Theory Y type, then the client may be apart of addressing how the organization does business. In this setting, stakeholders may take the time to build relationships with the clients and become aware of personal and environmental needs. These stakeholders may be very in tune with the needs of the client by may be less in tune as to how the company should be structured to meet such needs.

Reference

Northhouse, P. G. (2018). Introduction To Leadership Concepts and Practice. Fourth Edition. Washington, D.C: Sage.

Colleague 2: Daneilia

Personal Leadership Philosophy and Style

A social work administrator’s leadership philosophy and style may influence a human services organization’s culture by the nature and behavior of the work executed (Northouse, 2018).  The social work administrator can be influential through one’s demeanor and thought process.  For example, as an administrator, I believe that individuals will work if I am motivated and can do the things I ask others to do.  Therefore, emphasizing I understand the job, or I am willing to learn the job, and I am open to suggestions or opinions.

The Organization’s Culture Influence Leadership Style

The organization’s culture can be an influential component in one’s leadership style.  If the organization’s focus is on interaction with people, then the leader may take on a relationship style.  Relationship style is defined by the moment when interacting with another individual or group (Northouse, 2018).  The leader might not be an extremely social person, but because of the work environment, the leader might socially project themselves.  Alternatively, depending on the agency, the culture may lean on laissez-faire, and it is a to each their own and everyone is self-sufficient.  A leader in this situation might have to take down a high functioning style to a relaxed, laid-back style.

Interactions with Stakeholders Are Influential

Interactions with stakeholders such as community members are influential to the impact on the treatment of clients.  If community members feel that there may be the unjust treatment of clients or that a policy needs to be reformed to give more efficient coverage, the delivery of services may need altering.  There is a possibility of missing something during a client’s session that is dominantly seen in a majority of the clients’ sessions.  The organization’s staff may have issues with the practices used to treat clients.  The staff might have findings of the specific practices used by the organization not efficient for the use of the population in which one treats.  Therefore, the request to use various other practices or incorporating other resources during therapy may be encouraged or demanded.

Reference

Northouse, P. G. (2018). Introduction to leadership: Concepts and practice (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Sage.