Discuss importance of building relationships with families.

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As professionals working with children, two of our most important jobs are building relationships with families and helping them to find the resources they need. When we establish relationships with families, it allows us to share ideas, strategies, and resources with them that will support their needs. For your assignment this week, you will write a three- to four-page paper that addresses the following:

  • Discuss importance of building relationships with families.
  • Explain three research-based strategies to build relationships with families. One of these strategies must be for working with families who live in poverty and be supported by the “Helping the Most Vulnerable Infants, Toddlers, and Their Families” article.
  • Analyze which parenting styles these strategies will align with and provide a rationale as to why.
  • Describe at least one resource, for each of the three strategies you shared, that you will use in your work with children and their families.

The Paper

  • Assignment Length: Your written paper must be at least three to four pages in length (not including title and reference pages).
  • Title Page: Inclusion of a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of presentation
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Source Requirement: References three scholarly sources in addition to the text. All sources included in the reference list must be cited in the portfolio.
  • APA Formatting: Use APA formatting consistently throughout the assignment, which includes citations in the body of the assignment, the title page, and references list, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Syntax and Mechanics: Display meticulous comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar.

Next Steps: Review and Submit the Assignment

Review your assignment with the Grading Rubric to ensure you have achieved the distinguished levels of performance for each criterion and submit in Waypoint for evaluation no later than Day 7.

Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to study this relationship.

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Essay 1

A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.

Essay 2

A researcher has investigated the relationship between IQ and grade point average (GPA) and found the correlation to be .75.

 

For this essay, critique the results and interpretation of a correlation study.

·         Evaluate the correlation result and identify the strength of the correlation.

·         Examine the assumptions and limitations of the possible connection between the researcher’s chosen variables.

·         Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to study this relationship.

Your essay response must address the following questions:

·         How strong is this correlation?

o    Is this a positive or negative correlation?

o    What does this correlation mean?

·         Does this correlation imply that individuals with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have high Grade Point Averages (GPA)?

·         Does this correlation provide evidence that high IQ causes GPA to go higher?

o    What other variables might be influencing this relationship?

·         What is the connection between correlation and causation?

·         What are some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation?

·         Is correlation a good test for predicting GPA?

o    If not, what statistical tests should a researcher use, and why?

Essay 3

A researcher has recorded the reaction times of 20 individuals on a memory assessment. The following table indicates the individual times:

2.2 4.7 7.3 4.1
9.5 15.2 4.3 9.5
2.7 3.1 9.2 2.9
8.2 7.6 3.5 2.5
9.3 4.8 8.5 8.1

In this essay, demonstrate your ability to organize data into meaningful sets, calculate basic descriptive statistics, interpret the results, and evaluate the effects of outliers and changes in the variables. You may use Excel, one of the many free online descriptive statistics calculators, or calculate the values by hand and/or with a calculator.

Next, separate the data into two groups of 10; one group will be the lower reaction times, and the second group will be the higher reaction times. Then, address the following points in your essay response:

·         Calculate the sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis for each group.

·         How do the two groups differ?

·         Are there any outliers in either data group?

·         What effect does an outlier have on a sample?

Lastly, double each sample by repeating the same 10 data points in each group. You will have a total of 20 data points for each group. After completing this, address the following in your essay response:

·         Calculate the following for the new data groups: sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis.

·         Did any of the values change?

·         How does sample size affect those values?

Part II: Research Study Critique

1. Introduction

2. Methods

3. Results

4. Discussion

Part B:

In this second portion of the Final Exam, you will identify and critically evaluate a quantitative research article based on a social science topic. Your selected article must include a research question(s) and/or hypothesis(es) and utilize statistical analyses covered in the course. The article must be peer-reviewed and published within the last 10 years.

In the body of your critique, describe the statistical approaches used, the variables included, the hypothesis(es) proposed, and the interpretation of the results. In your conclusion, suggest other statistical approaches that could have been used and, if appropriate, suggest alternative interpretations of the results. This process will allow you to apply the concepts learned throughout the course in the interpretation of actual scientific research. Your critique must include the following sections:

1.      Introduction: This section will include a general introduction of the quantitative study from a peer-reviewed source published within the last 10 years. The research questions and/or hypothesis(es) as well as the purpose of the study should be clearly defined.

2.      Methods: Describe and evaluate the procedures and methods of data collection, measures/instruments used, the participants and how they were selected, and the statistical techniques used.

3.      Results: In this section describe and critique the results presented in the study.

4.      Discussion: Discuss and evaluate the efficacy of the results presented in the study. Address, the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the study, and suggest future research directions. Include additional forms of statistical analyses as part of the suggestions for future research.

The Research Study Critique:

1.      Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Use 12-point font, with 1-inch margins.

2.      Must use the sections and headings described above.

3.      Must address the article with critical thought by examining, reflecting, and evaluating the article from an objective viewpoint and by using facts to support your argument. Refer to the Critical Thinking Community website for further assistance.

4.      Must end with a conclusion that summarizes your critical evaluation.

5.      Must use one quantitative research study from a peer-reviewed source that was published within the last 10 years.

6.      Must properly cite the source article in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

 

7.      Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Explain in your own words why it is important to know the possible errors we might make when rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis.

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Grand Canyon University: PSY-520: Graduate Statistics 2014

Chapter 10:
3. Explain in your own words why it is important to know the possible errors we might make when rejecting or failing to reject the null hypothesis.
9. A primatologist believes that rhesus monkeys possess curiosity. She reasons that, if this is true, then they should prefer novel stimulation to repetitive stimulation. An experiment is conducted in which 12 rhesus monkeys are randomly selected from the university colony
and taught to press two bars. Pressing bar 1 always produces the same sound, whereas bar 2 produces a novel sound each time it is pressed. After learning to press the bars, the monkeys are tested for 15 minutes, during which they have free access to both bars. The number of presses on each bar during the 15 minutes is recorded. The resulting data are as follows:

Subject   Bar 1   Bar 2
1             20        40
2             18        25
3             24        38
4             14        27
5               5        31
6             26        21
7             15        32
8             29        38
9             15        25
10             9        18
11           25        32
12           31        28
a. What is the alternative hypothesis? In this case, assume a non-directional hypothesis is appropriate because there is insufficient empirical basis to warrant a directional hypothesis.
b. What is the null hypothesis?
c. Using α = 0.052 tail, what is your conclusion?
d. What error might you be making by your conclusion in part c?
e. To what population does your conclusion apply?

13. A researcher is interested in determining whether acupuncture affects pain tolerance. An experiment is performed in which 15 students are randomly chosen from a large pool of university undergraduate volunteers. Each subject serves in two conditions. In both conditions, each subject receives a short-duration electric shock to the pulp of a tooth. The shock intensity
is set to produce a moderate level of pain to the unanesthetized subject. After the shock is terminated, each subject rates the perceived level of pain on a scale of 0–10, with 10 being the highest level. In the experimental condition, each subject receives the appropriate acupuncture treatment prior to receiving the shock. The control condition is made as similar to the experimental condition as possible, except a placebo treatment is given instead of acupuncture. The two conditions are run on separate days at the same time of day. The pain ratings in the accompanying table are obtained.
a. What is the alternative hypothesis? Assume a non-directional hypothesis is appropriate.
b. What is the null hypothesis?
c. Using α = 0.052 tail, what is your conclusion?
d. What error might you be making by your conclusion in part c?
e. To what population does your conclusion apply?

Subject    Acupuncture    Placebo
1              4                      6
2              2                      5
3              1                      5
4              5                      3
5              3                      6
6              2                      4
7              3                      7
8              2                      6
9              1                      8
10            4                      3
11            3                      7
12            4                      8
13            5                      3
14            2                      5

Chapter 12:
3. How are sampling distributions generated using the empirical sampling approach?
5. What are the assumptions underlying the use of the z test?
8. How do each of the following differ?
a. s and s
b. s² and σ²
c. µ and µ
d. σ and σ

16. How does increasing the N of an experiment affect the following?
a. Power
b. Beta
c. Alpha
d. Size of real effect

20. A set of sample scores from an experiment has an N = 30 and an  obt  = 19.
a. Can we reject the null hypothesis that the sample is a random sample from a normal population with µ = 22 and σ = 8? Use α = 0.011 tail. Assume the sample mean is in the correct direction.
b. What is the power of the experiment to detect a real effect such that µreal = 20?
c. What is the power to detect a µreal = 20 if N is increased to 100?
d. What value does N have to equal to achieve a power of 0.8000 to detect a µreal = 20? Use the nearest table value for zobt.

21. On the basis of her newly developed technique, a student believes she can reduce the amount of time schizophrenics spend in an institution. As director of training at a nearby institution, you agree to let her try her method on 20 schizophrenics, randomly sampled from your institution. The mean duration that schizophrenics stay at your institution is 85 weeks, with a standard deviation of 15 weeks. The scores are normally distributed. The results of the experiment
show that the patients treated by the student stay a mean duration of 78 weeks, with a standard deviation of 20 weeks.
a. What is the alternative hypothesis? In this case, assume a non-directional hypothesis is appropriate because there are insufficient theoretical and empirical bases to warrant a directional hypothesis.
b. What is the null hypothesis?
c. What do you conclude about the student’s technique? Use α = 0.052 tail.

25. A physical education professor believes that exercise can slow the aging process. For the past 10 years, he has been conducting an exercise class for 14 individuals who are currently 50 years old. Normally, as one ages, maximum oxygen consumption decreases. The national norm for maximum oxygen consumption in 50-year-old individuals is 30 milliliters per kilogram per minute, with a standard deviation of 8.6. The mean of the 14 individuals is 40 milliliters per kilogram per minute. What do you conclude? Use α = 0.051 tail.

References
Academic Web Services (n.d.). The Visual Learner – Statistics. Retrieved from: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html.
Pagano, R. (2013). Understanding Statistics in the Behavioral Sciences (10th ed.). Wadsworth-Cengage Learning.

Write about a time in which you behaved cruelly towards another person.  What did you do?  Why?  What were the circumstances around your behavior?  Did you intend to behave cruelly, or did something else spur the behavior?  Explain the situation, and connect your analysis with Milgram’s text.

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Some people believe that it is human nature to be cruel to others.  These people might argue that this cruelty is why Stanley Milgram’s subjects acted as they did, and why no one helped Kitty Genovese.  Do you accept this explanation of human psychology?  Yes?  No?  Somewhat? And why do you see it like you do? What kinds of circumstances induce cruel behavior?  What does this tell you about how cruelty fits into our human nature?  Use the cases we read about to help you construct your argument.

 

In coming up with your own position on this issue, I encourage you to think about all that you’ve learned about in the cases we have read about for this assignment:

 

·         “The Perils of Obedience” by Stanley Milgram,

·         The Kitty Genovese case as discussed in Chapter 4 of Lauren Slater’s Opening Skinner’s Box “In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing: Darley and Latane’s Training Manual—A Five Stage Approach”

·         Darley and Latane’s experiments as discussed in Chapter 4 of Lauren Slater’s Opening Skinner’s Box “In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing: Darley and Latane’s Training Manual—A Five Stage Approach”

 

Consider the grey areas, rather than arguing strictly on one side or the other.  Instead of saying YES we are cruel, or NO we are not, try to come up with a more complex answer to explain human behavior in these cases.

 

In your essay, be sure to include:

 

·         Support for your argument with relevant ideas, information, and quotations from Milgram’s essay

·         Support for your argument with relevant ideas, information, and quotations from Slater’s Chapter 4

 

Things to Shoot For:

 

·         Show that you have carefully read the texts from this unit, and that you have fully digested and considered the different viewpoints and evidence.

 

·         Show you are really thinking about the topic—these are complex questions, so don’t settle for easy answers.  And don’t feel that you have to take an either-or position.

 

·         Write so that someone not in our class could understand it.  Assume your audience has not read these texts.  That means you’ll need to briefly summarize key ideas/information and explain any unfamiliar terms.

 

·         Write at least 4 complete pages, typed, 12 point font, double-spaced, 1 inch margins.

 

Turn-in Procedures:

 

·         Your final draft is due Friday, May 2nd

·         Submit the essay to Turnitin.com via Blackboard by 11:59 PM on Friday, May 2nd

·         Bring a hard copy to class with the following documents in one pocket of your assignment folder:

o   Writing Center Signature form

o   Draft you reviewed during your Writing Center conference

o   Any drafts you brought to class for peer review, conferences, etc.

o   A blank rubric

 

 

 

 

 

Writing Center Signature Sheet                                                Writing Conference Instructor: ________________

EXP 389/Dr. Knoll                                                      Writing Conference Instructor’s Initials:_________

Fall 2013                                                                     Date and time of your visit: ___________________

Remember,

·         The signature form must be complete by Thursday, May 1st

·         You must bring the prompt, this signature sheet, and any writing you have completed to get credit for a formal conference in WR 380.

·         This sheet must be signed, dated, and complete in order to receive credit for your conference in EXP 389.

·         You can only get credit for one formal conference per writing assignment, but I encourage you to meet with an instructor more than once during your writing process.

 

Complete this portion before your conference:

1.      What is working well for you and what are you struggling with in Essay 5?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.      What specific questions do you have about Essay 5?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Complete this portion after your conference:

1.      Identify the specific elements of your draft you discussed in your conference.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.      Explain what you learned from your conference.

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Focus Questions for Essay 5

 

“The Perils of Obedience” by Stanley Milgram

·         Explain Milgram’s experiment and the reactions of the participants in the experiment as well as Milgram’s analysis of  reasons why subjects responded as they did

 

“In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing: Darley and Latane’s Training Manual—A Five Stage Approach” (Chapter 4 of Opening Skinner’s Box) by Lauren Slater

·         Explain the Kitty Genovese case and Darley and Latane’s experiment and discuss the various theories about what causes a bystander to avoid action in an emergency.

 

 

Reading Activities for Essay 5

 

“The Perils of Obedience” by Stanley Milgram

For this reading assignment, I would like you to annotate the text, focusing on three main areas:

·         Note any areas where Milgram explains how the experiment worked

·         Note any areas that discuss the reactions of the participants in the experiment.

·         Note any areas where Milgram analyzes the reasons why subjects responded as they did.

 

As you are annotating, be sure you are also noting your reactions to the text in the margins.

 

“In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing” by Lauren Slater

 

For this reading assignment, I would like you to annotate the text, focusing on four main areas:

·         Note any areas where Slater describes what happened in the Kitty Genovese experiment

·         Note any areas where Slater explains or analyzes bystander’s reactions in the Kitty Genovese experiment

·         Note any areas where Slater explains how Darley and Latane’s experiment worked

·         Note any areas where Slater explains or analyzes people’s reactions in the Darley and Latane experiment.

 

As you are annotating, be sure you are also noting your reactions to the text in the margins.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Blog Posts for Essay 5

Week 12:

·         Write about a time in which you behaved cruelly towards another person.  What did you do?  Why?  What were the circumstances around your behavior?  Did you intend to behave cruelly, or did something else spur the behavior?  Explain the situation, and connect your analysis with Milgram’s text.

 

Week 13:

·         Choose one reaction of a participant in the Milgram experiment and explain what this shows readers about human nature.

 

Week 14:

·         Have you ever been in a situation similar to that of Kitty Genovese, when something bad was happening to someone else and people around hesitated to help?  Or have you been in the opposite situation, where something bad was happening and everyone clamored to help?  Describe one of these situations from your own life and reflect on the reasons why people acted as they did.  Are there similarities or differences between your situation and that described in “In the Unlikely Event of a Water Landing”?

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Essay 5 Rubric                                                                                                                      Grade:

Critical Analysis above expectations meeting

expectations

 developing the skill not yet passing
As an academic writer, you should . . .        
Use a critical voice to answer the essay prompt        
Show you have thought critically about the topic        
Discuss complexities and not make things seem more simple than they really are        
Develop ideas fully by using strong specific examples to support your analysis        
Make a strong analytical claim in your thesis        
Explain the reasons for your claim in your thesis (your because statement)        

 

Connection to texts above expectations meeting

expectations

 developing the skill not yet passing
As an academic writer, you should . . .        
Explain the ideas in the texts for readers who have not read the texts        
Support analysis with specific examples, information, and quotations for the texts        
Use your critical voice to explain how examples and quotations from the text connect to your analysis        
Use TAG (title, author, genre) statements to introduce texts        
Use signal phrases or incorporate quotations smoothly into your writing        
Let readers know where you got the information by using MLA in-text citations        

 

Organization above

expectations

 meeting

expectations

 developing the skill not yet passing
As an academic writer, you should . . .        
Present ideas in an order that makes sense to readers        
Open with an intro that engages readers and conveys overall focus of the essay        
Make sure each paragraph has a clear focus        
Use topic sentences to articulate the main idea of each paragraph        
Break your argument into manageable chunks for your readers        
Use your critical voice to connect the different parts of your essay        
Provide closure through a concluding sentence in each paragraph        
End with a conclusion that completes the discussion        

 

Mechanics above expectations meeting

expectations

 developing the skill not yet passing
As an academic writer, you should . . .        
Observe conventions of standard written English        
Write in a clear, readable style that uses well-chosen words and effective sentence variety        
Take time to carefully proofread your writing        
Meet the minimum length requirements of the assignment        
Format your essay according to MLA guidelines        
Follow MLA citation format when using outside sources        

 

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