Mental Representations and the mind-brain relationship

Assessment Description

The strong dualism position of Descartes suggests that the mind is fully separate from the brain, and that, therefore, there may be no detectable manifestation of representations in the brain. What some note as manifestations are called traces, and their existence has been argued over time. Brain scans suggest that nothing we remember can be physically pinpointed in the brain and that there is no geometrical location for the meaning of the word “baby,” nor is there a pinpoint location for the image of a baseball. Yet, fMRI scans note changes in the brain when an individual is memorizing new words. However, the changes are gross, smeared images with no pinpointing, relative to the scale of neurons or small groups of them. In this assignment, you will make a statement on whether the mind and brain are fully separate or whether they are one entity.

General Requirements:

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

  • This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
  • Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
  • Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for specific guidelines related to doctoral level writing. The Manual contains essential information on manuscript structure and content, clear and concise writing, and academic grammar and usage.
  • This assignment requires that at least two additional scholarly research sources related to this topic, and at least one in-text citation from each source be included.
  • You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. A link to the LopesWrite technical support articles is located in Class Resources if you need assistance.

Directions:

Write an essay (2,000-2,500 words) in which you make a statement and provide support for whether the mind and brain are fully separate or whether they are one entity.

  1. Compare differing conceptualizations of the mind and how the mind is studied.
  2. Address the influence of internal and environmental conditions on what is recalled from certain kinds of memory/representations (e.g., things remembered rote, such as one’s phone number vs. interpreted things like a mother’s affect last time she was seen).
  3. Determine the necessity for a one-to-one correspondence between a specific representation in the mind and a physico-chemical condition in some specific neurons/synapses in the associated brain.
  4. Analyze fundamental differences between representations from: (a) Visual stimuli vs. those from speech stimuli; (b) Experienced stimuli (instantiated; things that happened externally, the last pizza you ate) vs. imagined stimuli (uninstantiated; anticipating-imagining something for dinner that you’ve never had before).

Response 4

Reading Response #4 Due 11:30 10/20

Reading Response #4 Instructions

This assignment should be uploaded to Blackboard no later than 11:30AM Tuesday, 10/18. It is worth 50 points.

It needs to be at least 500 words. For this response, I want you to have an intro, one body paragraph and then a conclusion. These assignments are intended to familiarize you with reading/responding, critical thinking and argumentation. We are still working toward an argument essay that will occur later in the semester.

For the first paragraph, the intro, I want you to summarize the article and identify the article’s main goal. What is the ultimate takeaway from it? Then, as the last sentence, I want you to provide a thesis statement that argues whether or not the author was successful in their goal. Were they persuasive and why? “The article was successful in persuading the audience because of her use of imagery.” OR “The article was not persuasive because the author lacked the amount of research it would take to get the audience to agree.” THESE ARE JUST EXAMPLES. But, it needs to look something similar to that. 

For the second paragraph, I want you to support the thesis statement you provided. You may use one or two small quotes to support the thesis and also, you’ll want to provide analysis. You can point out techniques used or not used to defend your argument. 

For the third and final paragraph, I want you to reiterate your overall argument and then also make clear the significance of the topic. Why is it an important topic to discuss in the first place?

Here is the article:

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/stop-telling-me-im-so-skinny_n_5f5513fec5b6578026cfb2ee

FOR THIS RESPONSE YOU WILL NEED TO INCLUDE A WORKS CITED PAGE/MLA – Also make sure you have double spacing and page numbers! Your name needs to be on it!

Peer response to discussion post by Professor Dr. Jennifer Ducko

Using technology for DNA and RNA sequencing

Contains unread posts

Jennifer Ducko posted Oct 9, 2022 4:54 PM

Subscribe

Have you ever had to discuss DNA or RNA sequencing with patients? The benefits and the pitfalls can impact a patient and the patient’s family significantly. While there is much to be learned from such testing, the choice to participate in such testing is a question that will continue to be raised. My Reason research program (2022) aims to recruit 100,000 people over a span of five years, with a focus on renal genomics. Patients are asked to donate the residual blood from their monthly laboratory work up, to the registry. What are your thoughts about donating your genetic information to a registry that can tabulate and utilize data for studying diseases?

Reference

Frenova Renal Research (2022). My Reason Research Program. Retrieved July 27, 2022, from https://www.frenova.com/my-reason-research-program/

(Please respond to the above discussion post)

Peer Response to Discussion Question 8 by Vanessa Christian

Genomics: Past, Present, and Future

Contains unread posts

Vanessa Christian posted Oct 18, 2022 4:00 AM

Subscribe

     Studying the human genome allows us to explore fundamental details about ourselves (Jimenez, 2021). The study of genomics has steadily evolved and shows no signs of slowing down. Technological improvements in Clinical genetics have progressed apace, transforming the landscape of both diagnosis and management of inherited genetic diseases (Tromans & Barwell, 2022). In the past genetic testing was very expensive and slow.

     Presently costs have decreased significantly, and the availability of testing has increased to include at home testing. The cost of sequencing a human genome has dropped from $2.7 billion in 2003 to approximately $1500 in 2018 (Cheifet, 2019). There is a high incidence of breast cancer in my family, so I participated in genetic testing to rule out the BRCA gene. The test was mailed to me and completed in the privacy of my home, and I mailed it in. This expanded testing increases the data developed. This influx of data has placed heavy demands on bioinformatics analysis, including both software and manual assessment, to aid interpretation of resulting information (Tromans & Barwell, 2022). The need for informatics skills, computer literacy, and basic computer skills, informatic competency must be introduced earlier in education and training to be competent in data entry and retrieval. The increased amount of data can lead to ethical issues of autonomy and confidentiality.

     In the future, there will be an increase in the role of genetic personnel; clinical responsibilities, and administrative work required for data entry. Data security, data sharing, and data ownership issues will become essential factors to be considered in the light of universal human rights (Cheifet, 2019). Computational and technological advances will increase and the need for expert skilled personnel will increase. A key challenge is to build a sophisticated infrastructure that links comprehensive genome knowledge databases to extensive e-health record networks and be accessible to clinicians for effective decision-making support based on patient’s genomic sequence and health system manager to derive informative conclusions from aggregated population data (Mattick, et al., 2014). The use knowledge and technological advances will lead to a better healthcare system.

                                                      References

Cheifet, B. (2019, January 22). Where is genomics going next? Genome Biology. Retrieved from https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-019-1626-2#:~:text=Genomics%20will%20be%20applied%20in,were%20developed%20for%20basic%20research.

Jimenez, D. (2021, June 15). Gene writing: The future of genetic medicine? Retrieved from Pharmaceutical technology: https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/analysis/gene-writing-future-genetic-medicine/

Mattick, J., Dziadek, M., Terrill, B., Kaplan, W., Spigelman, A., Bowling, F., & Dinger, M. (2014, July). The impact of genomics on the future of medicine and health. The medical journal of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2014/201/1/impact-genomics-future-medicine-and-health

Tromans, E., & Barwell, J. (2022, January 25). Clinical genetics: past, present, and future. European Journal of Human Genetics, 991-992. Retrieved from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41431-022-01041-w

 

(Please respond to the above discussion post)