Write 9 pages thesis on the topic electron physics and electron topography.

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In x-ray tube bombardment of the target with high energy, electrons cause excitation.&nbsp. When the incident beam equals the power required to remove a K shell electron, ejection of K shell electron is imminent via inelastic collision. An electron-hole is created in the K shell. The hole is filled by an electron in the immediate outer shell, in this case, the L shell. L→K transitions are designated Kα. the energy of the photon released is EKα=EK-EL.

Word count: 154

Reference

Thornton, S. & Andrew Rex (2011) Modern Physics for Scientists and Engineers, 4th Ed. New York: Wiley and Sons.

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TAQ 2. Explain the role of bremsstrahlung radiation and describe and explain line and continuous spectra.

Answer

a) Role of bremsstrahlung radiation
Bremsstrahlung is the process through which an electron is accelerated while under the influence of the nucleus1. The strong positive charge of the nucleus causes the electron to slow down, lose kinetic energy, and change direction. Smooth and continuous X-ray spectra are produced by bremsstrahlung, as seen in figure 1. From the spectrum, it is seen that the bremsstrahlung energy ranges from zero to peak and back to zero. The continuous spectrum contains photons of varying wavelengths and strengths that give different penetration depths. In taking photographs, the difference in penetration energies allows good contrast.

b) Describe and explain line and continuous spectra.
X-ray spectra of copper consist of a few sharp and intense lines superimposed on an iridescent background known as white radiation. The short spectral lines comprise the characteristic radiation. The presence of the complete radiation is dependent on the use of primary x-rays of high energy electrons. If primary electrons are used to excite the material, then the spectrum will not contain a continuum but will have only sharp characteristic lines. Line spectra will generally be brilliant and distinct positioned at a particular wavelength, whereas a continuum will be spread over a wider area of varying wavelengths.

I need help creating a thesis and an outline on General Stonewall Jackson: The Unpredictable Force. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract is required. General Thomas J Jackson was the most cunning and terrifying leader in the Civil War and has emerged as one of history’s most respected field commanders. His tactics in the critical Shenandoah Valley during the Spring of 1862 were able to route the Union forces, while significantly outgunned, outnumbered, and outmanned. The Shenandoah Valley was strategically important to both the North and South, as it controlled access to vital supply and transportation lines. Jackson, the embodiment of courage and inspiration, was a master of deception and surprise and was able to forestall a Union victory by his actions during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign of 1862.