Explain the idea of a multi-dimensional approach and how it differs from a single approach to understanding the major causes of mental illness.

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To prepare for this week’s Assignment, review the following videos in addition to this week’s assigned Reading:

  1. Duran, V. M. (2013). Supernatural views- Historic. Retrieved from http://www.cengage.com/custom/ems/psych/shared/video/player.html?video=suprnatral_vws_hstrc_16360.
  2. Duran, V. M. (2013). Hippocrates. Retrieved from http://www.cengage.com/custom/ems/psych/shared/video/player.html?video=hippocrates_16362.
  3. Duran, V. M. (2013). Concept Check: Integrative Approach. Retrieved from http://www.cengage.com/custom/ems/psych/shared/video/player.html?video=cncpt_chck_intgratve_apprch_16363.

In the past, a one-cause approach was more accepted to understanding psychopathological behavior. Today, it is more accepted that there are multiple causes that can explain the development of mental illness.

For this Assignment, you will compare and contrast the early ways of thinking about psychological disorders to today’s current view and explain the multi-dimensional model and the major approaches (theorized causes) of mental illness.

  1. Explain what early thoughts and beliefs existed about what caused mental illness.
  2. Describe one of the psychological traditions and how it furthered the beliefs about what causes mental illness from that of the early beliefs by the Greeks and from Religions. Select from: Freud’s theory of the unconscious, humanism, or behaviorism.
  3. Explain the idea of a multi-dimensional approach and how it differs from a single approach to understanding the major causes of mental illness.
  4. Last, referring directly to the textbook, provide an overview of the major approaches of a multi-dimensional integrated model listed in the textbook. For each major approach, include its central tenant(s) as it relates to the explanation (or cause) of mental illness. The major approaches that provide an explanation or cause for the development of mental illness are biological approach (genetics and neurological factors), psychological approach (cognitive and behavioral factors, including the unconscious), emotions approach, social and cultural approach, and the developmental approach. For example, from the biological approach, an imbalance of neurochemicals is believed to influence (or cause) behavioral changes as well as heritability.

Submitting Your Learning Activity

Using your textbook, complete the Unit 3 Assignment Template. No more than 10% of the work should be direct quotations Complete the document in 2–3 pages, using APA writing style, and save it in a location with your first and last name in the title. When you are ready to submit it, go to the Dropbox.

Create a research hypothesis or brief clinical case scenario in which you must select an instrument to measure intolerance for uncertainty.

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Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please read the required textbook chapters and articles for this week.

Create a PowerPoint presentation with 16 to 20 slides (not including the title and reference slides) entitled Ethical and Professional Issues in Psychological Testing. Your presentation must provide 2 to 3 slides for each of the required topics and include appropriate citations of your referenced sources. Separate reference slides, which follow APA formatting guidelines for a References page, must be included at the end of the presentation. You must create your own template and organize your presentation in the sequence provided. Do not use a font smaller than 20 pt. You are encouraged to insert relevant figures and graphics. Make sure to appropriately cite any images you use. If you include a table or figure from a journal article, cite it according to APA guidelines. The notes section of each slide must include the text for oral comments you would make while presentating the materials to a live audience.

References must be cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. For assistance with creating a visually engaging and readable presentation, you may review Garr Reynolds’s tips for creating presentations (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

 

Please Follow Directions                     No Plagiarism

The presentation must cover each of the following topics in the order presented below.

The Ethical and Social Implications of Testing

  • Provide an overview and brief evaluation of the ethical and social implications of psychological assessment.

Professional Responsibilities

  • Describe the responsibilities of both test publishers and test users.

Testing Individuals Representing Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

  • Analyze and describe issues related to the testing of cultural and linguistic minorities.

Reliability

  • Explain the common sources of measurement error and how measurement error can impact reliability.

Validity 

  • Create a diagram or figure to compare the types of validity discussed in the textbook.
  • Describe the extravalidity concerns related to testing.
  • Review the articles by Fergus (2013), Kosson, et al. (2013) and Mathieu, Hare, Jones, Babiak, & Neumann (2013). Analyze the information presented in these articles on factor analysis and describe how it is used to validate the constructs of the instruments.

Clinical Versus Statistical Prediction

  • Compare clinical and statistical prediction of mental health decisions based on the work of Ægisdóttir, et al. (2006) and Grove & Lloyd (2006).

Application One: An Ethical and Professional Quandry

  • Select one of the Ethical and Professional Quandries in Testing from Case Exhibit 1.2 in your textbook and describe the ethical issues specific to the scenario you selected. Include an analysis of the relevant principles from Standard 9 in the APA Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
  • Taking on the role of the psychologist or counselor in the chosen scenario, describe how you might respond to the challenge you selected and provide a brief rationale for your decision.

Application Two: Evidence-Based Medicine

  • Summarize Youngstrom’s (2013) recommendations for linking assessment directly to clinical decision making in evidence-based medicine.
  • Elaborate on each of Youngstrom’s recommendations by providing practical examples that illustrate the relevance of the recommendations in a clinical setting.

Application Three: Selecting Valid Instruments

  • Create a research hypothesis or brief clinical case scenario in which you must select an instrument to measure intolerance for uncertainty.
  • Use the information in the Fergus (2013) article to support which measure to use.

The presentation

  • Must consist of 16 to 20 slides (not including title and reference slides) that are formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Review the 10 Strategic Points constructed in Week 2 and the Clark and Springer (2007) study. Additionally, review the feedback provided by the instructor.

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This is a follow up to this assignment- https://www.homeworkmarket.com/questions/qualitative-research-methods-19157883

The feedback from the previous one has been received, I need the above the new one to be fine tuned according to the feedback. Please find attached the previous assignment with feedback and the new one that needs to be fine-tuned.

Assignment Details

Constructing 10 Strategic Points

In a previous assignment you began working on the construction of 10 Strategic Points. These points will be used when developing your Prospectus and further developed into your Proposal and then finally in your dissertation. This assignment gives you experience in the development of 10 Strategic Points for a study that you could design to replicate the Clark & Springer study.

General Requirements:

1. Use “Constructing 10 Strategic Points” to complete this assignment.

2. Include a minimum of five scholarly topic-relevant sources (majority of articles should be published within past 5 years)

Directions:

1. Review the 10 Strategic Points constructed in Week 2 and the Clark and Springer (2007) study. Additionally, review the feedback provided by the instructor.

2. Use “Constructing 10 Strategic Points” to develop 10 Strategic Points for a replication of the Clark & Springer study that you could design for an undergraduate psychology program. Be sure to use resources in the DC network>Research/Dissertation tab> Prospectus templates to review the criteria for the purpose, problem, research questions and other Strategic Points.

3. Use the prompts and suggestions contained in the template to guide your work.

Analyze the questions in the Original Australian and Chitling tests and identify possible sources of cultural bias by specifically discussing at least one question from each test that may not be fair to members of other cultures.

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Assignment: Intelligence

This week, you viewed a video with historical footage of immigrants arriving at Ellis Island in New York Harbor. If you have not viewed this video, stop and do so now—or watch it again, this time with the perspective of what it would feel like to be in that scene. You may have relatives that arrived through Ellis Island or a similar entry point in other parts of the country. Imagine being in that moment, having endured great hardship, and then facing a test that checks your intelligence—and for no small reason. It will determine whether you can enter the United States.

Based on what you are learning about culture, is it likely that test would be fair in assessing the knowledge of those who speak languages other than English and have wildly different sets of experiences? Additionally, different cultures have different definitions of intelligence. Some cultures integrate movement and emotions into the concept of intelligence. Other cultures value analytical thinking. Still others highlight nonverbal communication. Sadly, many Ellis Island immigrants were labeled “feeble-minded” by extremely biased intelligence tests and, after all those hardships, were refused entry into America.

You will return to the issue of bias by examining how intelligence tests can favor some cultures over others. Through the Learning Resources, you will experience two types of intelligence tests and imagine how you might do if each test had major stakes for you—such as whether you could vote, be accepted by a college, or be allowed to enter a country. Intelligence tests have been used for those and other purposes—and sometimes with the express purpose of excluding some groups over others.

For this Assignment, you will examine how culture influences the definition of “intelligence” and what is considered “common knowledge” and analyze your own experiences with differing cultural views of these concepts.

To prepare:

  • Review the Week 2 Learning Resources, with particular attention to Chapter 5 in the course text and the media piece on Ellis Island immigration.
  • Take the two short assigned tests, “The Original Australian Test of Intelligence” and “The Chitling Intelligence Test,” in the Learning Resources. Note the tests cannot be filled in online. Use paper and pencil to record your answers, and then click the scoring sheet link to check your results.
  • Consider how well you did on each test. What kind of knowledge was needed to do well, and how “common” is that knowledge? Consider questions in both tests that stand out to you as examples of cultural bias.
  • Based on your experience, consider what conclusions you can draw about the meaning of “intelligence” and “common knowledge” across cultures and the potential for constructing an intelligence test without cultural bias.
  • Consider the various views of intelligence discussed in your Learning Resources and consider how they are similar or different from your own views.
  • Keep in mind the goal of supporting your viewpoints with clear reasoning and evidence. Review the Walden Writing Center resources on scholarly writing in preparation for creating your Assignment.
By Day 7

Submit a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following components. Be sure to include references to Learning Resources, including media.

  • Analyze the questions in the Original Australian and Chitling tests and identify possible sources of cultural bias by specifically discussing at least one question from each test that may not be fair to members of other cultures.
  • Explain whether or not you think it is possible to construct an intelligence test that would be fair to all cultures.
  • In the past there have been attempts to create unbiased tests – how successful have these attempts been?
  • Considering the major factors of environment, socioeconomic status, biology, and family, which do you believe to have the greatest influence on intelligence?  What research supports your belief?
  • Compare your own personal view of intelligence to those of cultures discussed in your Learning Resources, pointing out similarities and differences.

Note: Support the responses within your Assignment with evidence from the Learning Resources. Provide a reference list for resources you used for this Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

  • Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
  • Click the Week 2 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
  • Click the Week 2 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
  • Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK2Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
  • If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
  • Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.
Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:
Week 2 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:
Submit your Week 2 Assignment draft and review the originality report.