Write an additional 2,000-2,250 words using the data in the “Interpreting Test Results” resource to create a set of reports in which you interpret the test results and make recommendations about each of the three fictional clients tested.

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Part 1

Present a revised version (1,250-1,550 words total) of the paper “Reliability and Validity” that makes improvements in the caliber of the writing and incorporates instructor feedback regarding content and writing. Include the following in your submission:

  1. A reflection (250-300 words) that provides a bulleted list of the changes you made to the paper and discusses your revision process including how you incorporated your instructor’s feedback into the revised version. Similar to an abstract, this section will receive its own page following the title page and preceding the introduction to the paper.
  2. The revised paper that incorporates instructor feedback; clarifies the thesis statement and solidifies supporting arguments; edits for grammar, spelling, and punctuation; adjusts word choice to display professional and scholarly language; and adjusts sentence structure for improved readability.

Part 2

Write an additional 2,000-2,250 words using the data in the “Interpreting Test Results” resource to create a set of reports in which you interpret the test results and make recommendations about each of the three fictional clients tested. Your reports should be developed for delivery to the leader in each of the respective settings. This section should flow naturally from the revised paper. So, you may also need to revise your introduction and thesis statement to allow the ideas to connect. Each report should include the following:

  1. A synopsis of the reliability and validity of the test administered.
  2. Private notes that describe your thought process for analyzing and drawing conclusions from the test data and the client’s situation. Note: This section represents your private notes and may be presented as a bulleted list.
  3. Recommendations for the leader in which you provide an overview of the client and situation, describe your conclusions, and make your formal recommendations. Note: This is a more formal statement and should exhibit a professional tone and writing style.

 Discuss and evaluate the efficacy of the results presented in the study. Address, the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the study, and suggest future research directions.

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Ashford 6: – Week 5 – Final Exam

 

Final Exam

Instructor’s Guidance Info

Please include the following general headings for each section of the written exam within your Word document:

Also, it is very well explained under Week 5, but do pay attention to each and every word in the directions.  Details are important.

Part I: Essay Questions

1. Essay 1

2. Essay 2

3. Essay 3

 

Part II: Research Study Critique

1. Introduction

2. Methods

3. Results

4. Discussion

Part I: Essay Questions

 

Essay 1

A group of researchers conducted an experiment to determine which vaccine is more effective for preventing getting the flu. They tested two different types of vaccines: a shot and a nasal spray. To test the effectiveness, 1000 participants were randomly selected with 500 people getting the shot and 500 the nasal spray. Of the 500 people were treated with the shot, 80 developed the flu and 420 did not. Of the people who were treated with the nasal spray, 120 people developed the flu and 380 did not. The level of significance was set at .05. The proportion of people who were treated with the shot who developed the flu = .16, and the proportion of the people who were treated with the nasal spray was .24. The calculated p value = .0008.

Essay 2

A researcher has investigated the relationship between IQ and grade point average (GPA) and found the correlation to be .75.

 

For this essay, critique the results and interpretation of a correlation study.

·         Evaluate the correlation result and identify the strength of the correlation.

·         Examine the assumptions and limitations of the possible connection between the researcher’s chosen variables.

·         Identify and describe other statistical tests that could be used to study this relationship.

Your essay response must address the following questions:

·         How strong is this correlation?

o    Is this a positive or negative correlation?

o    What does this correlation mean?

·         Does this correlation imply that individuals with high Intelligence Quotients (IQ) have high Grade Point Averages (GPA)?

·         Does this correlation provide evidence that high IQ causes GPA to go higher?

o    What other variables might be influencing this relationship?

·         What is the connection between correlation and causation?

·         What are some of the factors that affect the size of this correlation?

·         Is correlation a good test for predicting GPA?

o    If not, what statistical tests should a researcher use, and why?

Essay 3

A researcher has recorded the reaction times of 20 individuals on a memory assessment. The following table indicates the individual times:

2.2 4.7 7.3 4.1
9.5 15.2 4.3 9.5
2.7 3.1 9.2 2.9
8.2 7.6 3.5 2.5
9.3 4.8 8.5 8.1

In this essay, demonstrate your ability to organize data into meaningful sets, calculate basic descriptive statistics, interpret the results, and evaluate the effects of outliers and changes in the variables. You may use Excel, one of the many free online descriptive statistics calculators, or calculate the values by hand and/or with a calculator.

Next, separate the data into two groups of 10; one group will be the lower reaction times, and the second group will be the higher reaction times. Then, address the following points in your essay response:

·         Calculate the sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis for each group.

·         How do the two groups differ?

·         Are there any outliers in either data group?

·         What effect does an outlier have on a sample?

Lastly, double each sample by repeating the same 10 data points in each group. You will have a total of 20 data points for each group. After completing this, address the following in your essay response:

·         Calculate the following for the new data groups: sum, mean, mode, median, standard deviation, range, skew, and kurtosis.

·         Did any of the values change?

·         How does sample size affect those values?

Part II: Research Study Critique

1. Introduction

2. Methods

3. Results

4. Discussion

Part B:

In this second portion of the Final Exam, you will identify and critically evaluate a quantitative research article based on a social science topic. Your selected article must include a research question(s) and/or hypothesis(es) and utilize statistical analyses covered in the course. The article must be peer-reviewed and published within the last 10 years.

In the body of your critique, describe the statistical approaches used, the variables included, the hypothesis(es) proposed, and the interpretation of the results. In your conclusion, suggest other statistical approaches that could have been used and, if appropriate, suggest alternative interpretations of the results. This process will allow you to apply the concepts learned throughout the course in the interpretation of actual scientific research. Your critique must include the following sections:

1.      Introduction: This section will include a general introduction of the quantitative study from a peer-reviewed source published within the last 10 years. The research questions and/or hypothesis(es) as well as the purpose of the study should be clearly defined.

2.      Methods: Describe and evaluate the procedures and methods of data collection, measures/instruments used, the participants and how they were selected, and the statistical techniques used.

3.      Results: In this section describe and critique the results presented in the study.

4.      Discussion: Discuss and evaluate the efficacy of the results presented in the study. Address, the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of the study, and suggest future research directions. Include additional forms of statistical analyses as part of the suggestions for future research.

The Research Study Critique:

1.      Must be three to four double-spaced pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Use 12-point font, with 1-inch margins.

2.      Must use the sections and headings described above.

3.      Must address the article with critical thought by examining, reflecting, and evaluating the article from an objective viewpoint and by using facts to support your argument. Refer to the Critical Thinking Community website for further assistance.

4.      Must end with a conclusion that summarizes your critical evaluation.

5.      Must use one quantitative research study from a peer-reviewed source that was published within the last 10 years.

6.      Must properly cite the source article in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

 

7.      Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

How do we see the world in three dimensions? Be sure to discuss the research on visual cliffs, binocular cues, retinal disparity, and monocular cues.

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Assignment Instructions

Assignment Instructions

For your Final essay exam, you will complete 10 short answer essay questions which focus on the course readings and videos. Final essay answers must be attached as Word documents to the appropriate assignment page, not typed into the assignment student comments boxes. In addition to APA formatted citations and references with each answer, an APA title page and reference page are required. Each question should be answered clearly and numbered. Students will answer each question thoroughly and completely (approximately 300 words for each question, more if needed), providing examples where required.

Answer the questions below in your Final exam.

  1. How do we experience taste? Be sure to discuss the composite of the five basic taste sensations. After you have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
  2. How does our sense of smell work? Discuss the concept that our sense of smell is directly connected to the brain. After you have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
  3. How do our senses  monitor our body’s position and movement? Discuss factors which may influence our vestibular senses. After you have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
  4. What did the Gestalt psychologists contribute to our understanding of how the brain organizes sensation into perceptions? After you have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
  5. How do the principles of figure-ground and apparent movement contribute to our perception of form? Discuss how the roles of proximity, similarity, continuity, connectedness, and enclosure impact the order and form of stimuli during the organizational process.
  6. How do we see the world in three dimensions? Be sure to discuss the research on visual cliffs, binocular cues, retinal disparity, and monocular cues.
  7. How does perceptual constancy help us to organize our sensations into meaningful perceptions? Include a discussion of how perceptual constancy helps explain several well known visual illusions, such as the Moon and the Ames Room illusions.
  8. What does research on sensory restriction and restored vision reveal about the effects of experience on perception? After you have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
  9. How adaptable is our ability to perceive the world around us? Discuss the biological components involved in vision and the brain’s ability to adapt to body movement. After you have fully and completely answered this question from a biological perspective, include a relevant example which illustrates your answer.
  10. Describe the following, which are related physiological mechanisms that are involved in determining cognitive and experiential aspects of pain perception: gate-control model; opiates and pain: the physiology of the placebo effect.

Supporting Materials

  •  PSYC304 Final Exam Paper rubric.docx (16 KB)

Submission

. Describe the position of both hip joints on the count of 1. 8 points. b. Which muscles were used to put the hips in that position in “a”? 8 points.

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1. Take the position of a runner in the starting blocks for a short running race. Place one foot forward and one foot back while placing your hands on the starting line. 32 points.
a. In what position is the hip joint for the forward leg (flexed, extended)? 8 points.
b. In what position is the hip joint of the back leg (flexed, extended)? 8 points.
c. Now imagine the starter has fired the starting gun. Into what position did the hip joint of the forward leg move, and what muscles caused that movement? 8 points.
d. Into what position did the hip joint of the back leg move, and what muscles caused that movement? 8 points.
2. Perform the classic jumping jack exercise (from the feet together starting point) several times, observing the movements of the hip joint during the counts of 1 and 2. 32 points.

a. Describe the position of both hip joints on the count of 1. 8 points.
b. Which muscles were used to put the hips in that position in “a”? 8 points.
c. Describe the position of both hip joints on the count of 2. 8 points.
d. Which muscles were used to put the hips in that position in “b”? 8 points.
3. Lying supine on a table with your lower legs off the end of the table, extend both knee joints to full extension. 24 points.
a. What muscles performed this action? 8 points.
b. Which of these muscles listed in “a” crosses two joints and has two functions? 8 points.
c. Which gender is known to have a larger “q” angle? Male or female? 8 points.
4. Lying prone with your entire body on the table, bring your heels to your buttocks. 12 points.
What muscles performed this action of the knee joints?