Explain the processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction and spontaneous recovery by using “real word examples”.

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Please be sure to fully address the questions.  These are considered essay questions.  Answer in complete sentences and be careful to attend to the details of each question.   Number and repeat original question before each response.   The information for completing this assessment activity is provided with your course online text and support section.  Please number original question before each response.

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  1. Give a real life example from life experience which explains Classical Conditioning   BE sure to explain the conditioning sequence and identify the UCS, UCR, (NS – Neutral Stimulus) the CR and the CS.
  2. Explain the processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction and spontaneous recovery by using “real word examples”.
  3. Explain how Bandura studied observational learning. Discuss what you believe are the effects of television and video games on behavior. Please be sure to cite an example of a movie or a video game to relate to this issue.
  4. Distinguish among the various schedules of reinforcement.. Use other examples than provide with your online text to provide real-world examples.
  5. Discuss what happened in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study and explain how it violated ethical standards of research.
  6. Define structuralism and functionalism and the contributions of Wundt and James in the development of psychology
  7. List and define the five major domains, or pillars, of contemporary psychology
  8.  Imagine you work for a drug company that just created a medication to decrease anxiety in adults.  Design an experiment using the appropriate research method that would allow you to best market your company’s new pill.  Incorporate and explain the double blind method
  9. Describe the strength and weaknesses of archival, longitudinal, and cross-sectional research
  10. Explain what a correlation coefficient tells us about the relationship between variables and explain why correlation does not mean causation.

Explain any biases or fallacies you find in the source and discuss the source of those biases with specific reference to the textbook or other sources on cognitive biases.

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Discussion prompt: Parking Garage and Biases

Biases affect all of us, and we are all prone to committing fallacious reasoning at times. This discussion allows us to investigate some of our own sources of biases and ways in which we may be prone to fall for fallacious reasoning.

Prepare: Prior to answering this question, make sure that you have completed the “Parking Garage” and “Buying a Car” scenarios. Make sure to read Chapters 7 and 8 of our book, paying special attention to ways in which people are affected by biases (including the sections “Stereotypes” and “Purpose and Potential Bias” in Chapter 8).

Reflect: Think about why you made the choices you made in each scenario. Do those choices tell you anything about yourself and the way that you think? Would you do anything different if you were to do it again?

Write:

Address your experiences in each scenario in the following posts:

Part 1: Answer the following questions: Why did you take the route you did in the parking garage scenario? Did you notice that you had preconceptions about different types of people and situations? Could those types of preconceptions ever lead to problematic inferences?

Part 2: In the Buying a Car scenario, did you feel that the salesman had ulterior motives? Did they lead him to have any biases in terms of he wanted you to purchase? Point out some of the biases that you have in real life. Are you am interested party when it comes to certain types of questions? How does that potentially cloud your judgment? Relate your answer to the content about biases in Chapter 8.

 

 

 

 

 

2nd assignment

 

Car Salesman/The Graduate/Bias in media or life source.
Prepare: Prior to answering this week’s discussion, make sure you have completed the readings and Complete this week’s “The Graduate” and “Buying a Car” scenarios.

Reflect: As you worked through the scenarios, it probably occurred to you that the arguments you were presented with were likely to be biased. You may have noticed the use of rhetorical devices or even fallacies. On your own, find an example of an argument from a media source and evaluate it on the basis on this week’s readings. Remember that the goal of this discussion is not to agree or disagree with the argument, but to examine ways in which the argument is affected by fallacies, biases, and other potential problems.  Simply being false is not a bias or fallacy.  It will be helpful for you to use the specific concepts from your textbook in completing this discussion.  In other words, if you think that an argument has a bias, fallacy, or other defect, it’s up to you to say which bias or fallacy it is.

Write: Complete all of the following with reference to specific concepts from this week’s assigned readings:

  • Include a link or bibliographical information for the source in your discussion post.
  • Determine the issue that is being discussed and the conclusion that is drawn on that issue.
  • Explain any biases or fallacies you find in the source and discuss the source of those biases with specific reference to the textbook or other sources on cognitive biases.
  • Identify any rhetorical devices that may be used to influence your perception of the argument.
  • Discuss the credibility of the source of the argument.

What do I have to believe about the world and about human beings in order for me to accept or use this theory?” (p. 27). 

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For this Discussion, you will consider the role of theory in research and the relationship between theory and philosophical orientations. You will also familiarize yourself with a theory in your field so that you may become more conversant in your discipline’s theoretical foundations.

Post an explanation of the role of theory in research. Next, identify a theory in your discipline and explain its basic tenets. Then, with this theory in mind, consider your answer to the following question posed by Drs. Burkholder and Burbank in last week’s reading: “What do I have to believe about the world and about human beings in order for me to accept or use this theory?” (p. 27).  Finally, describe the extent to which the epistemological and ontological assumptions of your chosen theory align with the philosophical orientation that reflects your worldview.

 

  • Explain role of theory in research
  • Use research databases and scholarly sources to identity a theory in your discipline
  • Explain basic tenets of a theory
  • Describe alignment between epistemological and ontological assumptions of a theory and philosophical orientations
  • Apply APA Style to writing

Be sure to support your Main Issue Post and Response Post with reference to the week’s Learning Resources and other scholarly evidence in APA Style.

 

Burkholder, G. J., Cox, K. A., Crawford, L. M., & Hitchcock, J.H. (Eds.) (2020). Research design and methods: An applied guide for the scholar-practitioner. SAGE Publications, Inc.

  • Chapter 3, “Conceptual and Theoretical Frameworks in Research”

Babbie, E. (2017). Basics of social research (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning.

  • Chapter 2, “Paradigms, Theory, and Research”

https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/theory

Why do you think yours is better than all the others? Do you agree that the content and writing of all essays are similar?

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1.       Indicate whether each of the following passages most likely contains examples of self interested thinking, face-saving, or group pressure. Some of these are really tough!

a.       Jonathan : My essay is better than Julio’s.

Betty : Why do you think yours is better than all the others? Do you agree that the content and writing of all essays are similar?

Jonathan  : Well, yes

Betty : Do you agree that all the other indicators of quality are nearly identical?

Jonathan: Yes, but mine is still better.

 

b.      Dear voters, as your representative on student council I will work hard to fight for what you most want. I will keep this university’s administration honest, and I’ll make sure your voice is heard!

c.       I oppose women becoming members of this club. If I endorsed their claims, every friend I’ve got in the club would turn their backs on me.

d.      His statement about religion is all false, of course. I was raised Hindu, and all my relatives are Hindus. This is the only religion I now, and the only one I need.

e.      I’ll be turning 65 next year, so I am in favour of the province’s decision to eliminate mandatory retirement.

f.        Molson Canadian is the best beer in the world. I’ve never tried any of those weird foreign beers, and I don’t intend to.

g.       Free speech should not extend to pornographers. Right now they are allowed to expose their smut on Internet and many other places. That’s just not how I was raised.

h.      Christopher: Corporations have the same rights as humans.

Andrew: What makes you think that?

Christopher: I’ve got money invested in several corporations, and if corporate rights aren’t protected, my investment would be in danger.

 

i.         Yeah, I did badly on the essay. But it’s not my fault because the prof hates me.

j.        His statements about religion are all false of course. He’s scientist.

k.       If Joan is appointed to the committee, I am guaranteed to have a job for the rest of my life. I think Joan would be a great addition to the committee.

Read each of the following claims. Then select from the list any statements that, if true, would constitute good reasons for accepting the claim. Be careful: In some questions, none of he choices are correct.

1.       John: The newspaper account of the charges of pedophilia lodged against Father J. Miller, a Catholic priest in our town, should never have been printed.

a.       The charges are false

b.      John is Catholic

c.       Important evidence that would exonerate Father Miller was not mentioned in the newspaper account.

d.      The town is predominantly Catholic

 

2.       Alice: You should always buy vegetables that have been grown locally.

a.       Alice owns a local vegetable farm.

b.      Studies show that locally grown vegetables are more environmentally friendly

c.       You’ve noticed that the food seems to be better at restaurants that feature locally grown food.

d.      Alice has a degree in nutrition.

3.       Janette: Women are less violent and less emotional than men.

a.       A study from McGill shows that women are less violent and less emotional than men.

b.      Janette is a woman

c.       Janette is a member of a group of women who are fighting for the rights of women.

d.      Janette and all her friends are women.

4.       Nanako: You should visit Japan for your next holiday.

a.       Nnako was born in Japan and knows how beautiful it is there.

b.      Nanako knows you well enough to know what kind of vacation you would enjoy.

c.       Nanako’s brother owns a travel agency that specializes in trips in Japan.

d.      You’ve told Nanako before that you’ve always wanted to visit Asia.

5.       Colonel Lewis : Canada’s peacekeepers must stay in Afghanistan until the Taliban are destroyed, even if it means that some Canadian lives will be lost.

a.       Taliban fighters have killed three of Colonel Lewis’s soldiers.

b.      Canadians are proud of their nation’s reputation in peacekeeping

c.       Colonel Lewis is loyal to his troops, all whom want to attack the Taliban

d.      Fighting the Taliban is unlikely to result in Canadian casualties, and it will make Afghanistan a great place to live.

6.       Ivana. Gay marriages is always wrong.

a.       All of Ivana’s friends agree that gay marriage is wrong.

b.      If Ivana favoured gay marriage, her friends would abandon her

c.       Ivana is president of the League of Traditional Families

d.      Ivana has already made views knows and cannot change her mind

7.       Angelo: Marijuana should be legalized

a.       All of Angelo’s friends smoke marijuana

b.      Legalizing marijuana would reduce the consumption of marijuana and save lives, money and resources

c.       Angelo has already said on television that marijuana should be legalized

d.      Angelo like to smoke marijuana