*Please no plagiarism – no copy paste–answer all questions–stay on topic*

 

PHE – 4055 – Discussions 

PART 1 —*150 words—-include references*

Disparities in Public Health Planning

Certain ethnic and racial minorities as well as other underserved populations experience more negative consequences of illness and premature death than other groups.

Using the Internet, research the disparities in public health planning. Based on your understanding of these disparities, answer the following questions:

· What do the terms “diversity” and “health disparities” mean to you? How are the two terms related?

· How are these terms relevant to health program planning and evaluation?

· How does the cultural diversity of populations affect the program planning and evaluation processes? Explain these in terms of the various stages of the planning and evaluation cycle.

PART 2 —-*150 words—include references*

Health Assessments

Most community health assessments involve the analysis of some type of population-based data. However, there are many different data sources and statistical techniques that can be used. The question then becomes, which statistical sources are most appropriate for describing health problems? In short, it is essential for you to review some of the basic statistical techniques used in these analyses.

Utilizing resources such as interviews of key staff, documents at your local government health offices(Georgia), and the Internet, compile your observations about the types of statistics used in describing health problems within your community. Based on your observations and understanding, respond to the following:

· Examine and explain the types of statistics used in describing health problems.

· Describe an odds ratio.

· Describe relative risk.

· Describe a confidence interval

PART 3 —-*150 words—include references*

Implementing a health program

Implementing a health program involves many challenges.

The Internet, and personal interactions with your local health authorities (Georgia) to understand the various facets of implementing public health programs. Based on your research and understanding, respond to the following:

· Explain the four categories of information, which provide a useful framework for organizing a community health program.

· Describe the importance of assessing program implementation in a public health program.

· There are three levels of program implementation. Describe each of them and the significance of each level of program implementation.

· The public health pyramid is an overarching framework for public health planning and evaluation. Explain program implementation at the various levels of the public health pyramid.

PART 4 —*150 words —include references*

Economic Evaluations of Health Programs

Program planners and evaluators need a basic understanding of economic evaluation. In addition, they may be faced with certain ethical issues. Interview your local healthcare professionals and evaluators. Based on your interactions, provide responses to the following:

· Analyze and select two types of economic evaluations. Compare the two evaluations, in relation to the factors that may affect the decision to conduct each of the economic evaluations.

· Describe at least two potential ethical and social issues related to program implementation.

· Explain the approach(s) you might take to address these ethical issues.

Unit 8 Assignment Rubric
% – Points
Points Earned  Student   describes the major features of and the role of error in between-subjects   designs, including single-factor randomized group designs, randomized   multi-group designs, and matched-group designs.
0-13
Student   describes major features of and the role of error in within-subjects design.   Student explains when it would be appropriate to use a within-subjects   design.
0-10
Student   describes the major features of and the role of error in single-subject   designs.
0-7
Student   thoroughly summarizes the research topic and research question, methodology,   including participants, measures, basic procedures, and major findings of the   research study of their chosen journal article.
0-15
Student   identifies the specific experimental design the researchers applied in the   research study of their chosen journal article.
0-5
Student cites a minimum of the textbook and three   peer-reviewed journal articles.
0-6
Writing

Structure: Clear thesis   statement and summary paragraph, complete paragraphs, clear and logical   organization throughout, and moves fluidly between sections. Primarily   student’s own words with quotes used very sparingly; includes several   references to support conclusions.
0-7
Mechanics: Uses correct   grammar, spelling, punctuation, and APA style with proper in-text citations,   as well as a formal title and reference page. Free of typographical errors,   double-spaced, and 3-5 pages in length (not including the cover page or   reference page).
0-7
Total
0-70
An   explanation of the points earned, as well as where the Assignment could be   strengthened, will be included with your grade.

• Describe major features and the role of error in between-subjects designs, including the following designs:
  • Single-factor randomized group designs

For this Assignment, you will write a 3–5 page paper on experimental research designs. Using the PG Library, you will also find and summarize a research article about a study employing an experimental design.Be sure to address the following in your paper:Part 1. Describe Experimental Designs

• Describe major features and the role of error in between-subjects designs, including the following designs:
  • Single-factor randomized group designs
  • Randomized multi-group designs
  • Matched-group designs
• Describe major features of and the role of error in within-subjects design.
• Explain when it would be appropriate to use a within-subjects design.
• Describe major features of and the role of error in single-subject designs.

Part 2. Summarize a Research Article Employing an Experimental DesignUsing the PG Library, identify a research article in a peer-reviewed journal. Summarize the article, focusing on the design. Be sure to address the following:

• Summarize the research topic and question.
• Identify the specific experimental design the researchers applied.
• Summarize the methodology, including participants, measures, and basic procedures.
• Summarize the major findings of the study.

The Assignment should:

• Utilize a minimum of three peer-reviewed sources outside of your textbook to support your paper.
• Follow Assignment directions (review grading rubric for best results).
• Use correct APA formatting per the current APA Publication Manual.
• Demonstrate college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard English.
• Be written in Standard English and be clear, specific, and error-free.

Your paper should include:

• Title Page
• Main Body of the paper
• Reference Page
• 3-5 Pages in length

Submitting your AssignmentPut your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location that you will remember and with your full name along with the class number. When you are ready to submit it to the unit Dropbox. You should revisit the Dropbox to view any helpful feedback your instructor has left for you

The time has come to examine the types of between-subjects designs available to you. We begin with single-factor designs, in which you manipulate only one independent variable.The Single-Factor Randomized-Groups DesignIn single-factor randomized-groups designs, you assign your subjects at random to different groups. You then expose each group to a different level of your independent variable while otherwise treating them as alike as possible. There are two variants of the randomized-groups design: the randomized two-group design and the randomized multigroup design. We explore these designs next.The Randomized Two-Group Design  If you randomly assign your subjects to two groups, expose the two groups to different levels of the independent variable, and take steps to hold extraneous variables constant, you are using a randomized two-group design. Figure10-1 illustrates the basic steps to follow when conducting a randomized two-group experiment. Begin by sampling a group of subjects from the general popu-lation (top). Then, randomly assign the participants from this group into your two treatment groups. Next, expose the participants in each group to their treatments and record their responses. Compare the two means to determine whether they differ. Finally, submit the data to a statistical analysis to assess the reliability of any differ-ence you find.An experiment conducted by Jo-Ann Tsang (2006) provides an excellent example of an experiment using a randomized two-group design. Tsang was interested in inves-tigating whether gratitude resulted in more prosocial behavior than mere positive emo-tion. Participants in Tsang’s experiment were told that they would be playing a game in which they would be allocating resources to another participant in the study (in reality, there was no other participant). Participants were told further that the game would be played in three rounds. Resource allocations were made by writing down an amount of money to allocate to the fictitious participant on a slip of paper, which would be taken to the fictitious participant by the experimenter.Tsang (2006) randomly assigned the real participants to one of two conditions. In the “favor condition,” participants were told that their partner had allocated $9 of $10 to them and kept $1 for himself in the second round. They were also given a note