The case study should be between 750 minumum words, and all sources must be properly cited using APA format. Writen in Essa Format.

1. Amy is cooking dinner for her family. She moves to pull a pot off the stove and accidently touches the burner. She reflexively pulls her finger away from the stove and immediately feels the pain.
   1. Which receptor neuron is responsible for sending information from her finger to her peripheral nervous system?
   2. Is this receptor neuron, an afferent or efferent neuron?
   3. Explain where the information from the receptor neuron is sent and how does it result in Amy moving her finger away from the stove.
   4. How many neurons are typically involved in this response? What are the names of these neurons?
   5. Evolutionarily, why do you think the human body has this system in place?
   6. What might happen if we did not have this response?
2. Glen, who is 45 years old, begins to notice that his hands shake (tremors) when he is performing everyday tasks such as signing his signature. His family members have noticed that he also has muffled speech and tends to shuffle when he walks. He is diagnosed with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease.
   1. What is Early Onset Parkinson’s disease?
   2. What specific cell type is affected in Parkinson’s disease?
   3. What is dopamine? What effects does dopamine have on the body?
   4. Explain the structure of a synapse and why Glen’s neurologist would prescribe him a dopamine agonist?
   5. Glen has genetic testing performed and it is determined that he does carry an autosomal dominant mutation in the SNCA gene associated with Early Onset Parkinson’s disease. Glen has three children. Would you advise his children to have genetic testing performed to determine if they also carry the disease mutation? Why or why not?
3. Patricia, who is 37 years old, discusses with her physician recent symptoms that she has experienced including blurred vision, numbness in her fingers and face, dizziness, fatigue and weakness. The physician performs multiple neurological tests and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS).
   1. What is MS?
   2. Is MS a disease of the central or peripheral nervous system?
   3. What is the main cell structure affected in MS?
   4. How is the action potential of a neuron affected in MS?
   5. The origins of MS are not clear. What do scientists hypothesize to be the causes of MS?

Discussion 1

You are the executive director of a small publicly funded behavioral health agency that serves indigent clients. After 10 years of being able to serve all clients seeking help, your agency has just received a 20% budget cut and must prioritize which services to discontinue and which clients to turn away. The community has many suggestions: stop serving undocumented immigrants and their children; stop serving substance abuse clients, limit all clients to six sessions, discontinue providing expensive services like psychiatry, lay off professional counselors and hire non-licensed paraprofessionals, stop providing counseling and instead simply offer peer self-help groups and parenting classes, serve only the most seriously ill (or the least seriously ill), and serve only children. How would you approach the difficult task of cutting services by 20% in a manner that reflects your ethical obligations as a community counselor? Would your plan differ if you were in a private sector? If yes, how? What criteria would you consider? What theoretical or standard of care practice will you follow to make a final decision about what to cut from your program? Reference the ACA and/or NAADAC Code of Ethics to support your answer.

Discussion 2

A managed care clinician completed a utilization review and has just denied authorization for you to continue treating a client. You believe that the client could benefit from four additional sessions. At the same time, you understand that the managed care clinician must apply criteria of medical necessity to justify continued treatment, and you are aware that many of your agency’s clients have problems much more severe than your client’s. Make a list of all of the ways that you could try to ensure that the managed care system does not prevent you from giving your client the type and duration of treatment services that he or she needs. Categorize each of the items into two groups reflecting those that would be considered professionally appropriate and ethical, and those that would be considered to be a violation of professional ethical standards.