Discuss one subfield of language (e.g., phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) that non-human primates (NHP) are more successful at learning.

Question 1

a) Give a detailed definition of Universal Grammar. Explain what could be two possible principles of Universal Grammar.

b) Give three types of evidence or arguments to support the idea of Universal Grammar. Explain how each supports the idea of UG.

c) Give three types of evidence or arguments that argue against Universal Grammar. Explain how each argues against the idea of UG.

Question 2. 

a) Discuss one subfield of language (e.g., phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics) that non-human primates (NHP) are more successful at learning. Explain and give examples. Discuss one subfield of language that NHP are less successful at learning. Explain and give examples.

b) What methods work better for teaching language to NHP? What methods are less successful? Discuss why you think some methods work better than others.

c) What are arguments some researchers use to defend the position that NHP can learn language? What are arguments other researchers use to defend the position that NHP cannot learn language?

Question 3.

a) Explain the difference between the domain-specific and the domain-general views of the relationship between language and other cognitive processes.

b) Using information from the lectures on ape language, language evolution, and genetic disorders, provide evidence to support the domain-specific view on language. Explain in detail.

c) Using information from the lectures on ape language, language evolution, and genetic disorders, provide evidence to support the domain-general view on language. Explain in detail.

What role does culture play in shaping relationships?  How does the cross-cultural research on relationships distinguish between individualist and collectivist cultures?

Early Childhood (2 years)

Then, describe at least 3 things that the infant or child is doing at each of those ages. This can include any of the information that you learned from previous case studies, such as the cognitive development of the child, the neighborhood they are living in, the parenting or cultural practices the child is involved in, or what you have learned in Part 1 of this assignment (ex. Peers, attachment).

 

  • Add information about relationships for the child, such as attachment, parenting, peers, and play.
  • For example, at 5 years of age, Raoul attended ABC preschool in Temecula and learned how to catch a ball for the first time. In addition, he became best friends with August, since they both like to play with legos.
  • In this example, I have information that comes from Case Study 10 about the microsystem (preschool he attends), gross motor skills (catching a ball) from Case 6, and his peer relationships (he would likely have a boy as a friend due to their gender and shared interests), which is from this assignment.Please answer the following 2 questions.  Strong answers will include detailed examples answering each question.1) What role does culture play in shaping relationships?  How does the cross-cultural research on relationships distinguish between individualist and collectivist cultures?  What did the Baumgarte (2011) article suggest about the role of culture in shaping relationships?

    2) What are the 3 basic motives for Social Behavior we discussed in lecture?  Imagine you are the professor for a class at NVCC in the Spring 2021 semester.  How would you use these motives to setup a successful culture in that class?  How would you use what you have learned about culture this semester to help students adjust to your classroom culture?

Choose three different ethnic groups. For each group, provide examples of how counselors may best build rapport and trust with clients. Provide scholarly evidence in your response.

1.1 When and how did you become aware of people being treated differently because of race, culture, or religion? Explain.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standards:

2.F.2.a. Multicultural and pluralistic characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally.

2.F.2.b. Theories and models of multicultural counseling, cultural identity development, and social justice and advocacy.

2.F.2.c. Multicultural counseling competencies.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

19) Understand the importance of self-awareness in one’s personal, professional, and cultural life.

85) Adapt counseling strategies to the individual characteristics of the client, including (but not limited to): disability, gender, sexual orientation, developmental level, acculturation, ethnicity, age, and health status.

102) Sensitize others to issues of cultural identity, ethnic background, age, and gender role or identity in prevention, treatment, and recovery.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

1.2 The textbook uses the term persons of color. What is your reaction to this? Why do you think the author uses this term? Support your answer with at least one scholarly reference.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standards:

2.F.2.a. Multicultural and pluralistic characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally.

2.F.2.b. Theories and models of multicultural counseling, cultural identity development, and social justice and advocacy.

2.F.2.c. Multicultural counseling competencies.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

18) Understand diverse racial and ethnic cultures, including their distinct patterns of interpreting reality, world view, adaptation, and communication, and to incorporate the special needs of minority groups and the differently abled into clinical practice.

85) Adapt counseling strategies to the individual characteristics of the client, including (but not limited to): disability, gender, sexual orientation, developmental level, acculturation, ethnicity, age, and health status.

102) Sensitize others to issues of cultural identity, ethnic background, age, and gender role or identity in prevention, treatment, and recovery.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

2.1 How can a counselor with Christian beliefs demonstrate the golden rule when working with clients who have diverse worldviews?

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.2.g. The impact of spiritual beliefs on clients’ and counselors’ worldviews.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

18) Understand diverse racial and ethnic cultures, including their distinct patterns of interpreting reality, world view, adaptation, and communication, and to incorporate the special needs of minority groups and the differently abled into clinical practice.

19) Understand the importance of self-awareness in one’s personal, professional, and cultural life.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

121) Conduct culturally appropriate self-evaluations of professional performance, applying ethical, legal, and professional standards to enhance self-awareness and performance.

2.2 Are the major counseling theories culture-bound? Explain.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.2.h. Strategies for identifying and eliminating barriers, prejudices, and processes of intentional and unintentional oppression and discrimination.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

18) Understand diverse racial and ethnic cultures, including their distinct patterns of interpreting reality, world view, adaptation, and communication, and to incorporate the special needs of minority groups and the differently abled into clinical practice.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

121) Conduct culturally appropriate self-evaluations of professional performance, applying ethical, legal, and professional standards to enhance self-awareness and performance.

3.1 Why do people tend to deny, rationalize, and avoid discussing their feelings and beliefs about race and ethnicity?

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.2.d. The impact of heritage, attitudes, beliefs, understandings, and acculturative experiences on an individual’s views of others.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

19) Understand the importance of self-awareness in one’s personal, professional, and cultural life.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

121) Conduct culturally appropriate self-evaluations of professional performance, applying ethical, legal, and professional standards to enhance self-awareness and performance.

3.2 Historically, racism and issues associated with it have been resistant to change. State some reasons for the resistance.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standard: 2.F.2.g. The impact of spiritual beliefs on clients’ and counselors’ worldviews.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

18) Understand diverse racial and ethnic cultures, including their distinct patterns of interpreting reality, world view, adaptation, and communication, and to incorporate the special needs of minority groups and the differently abled into clinical practice.

19) Understand the importance of self-awareness in one’s personal, professional, and cultural life.

102) Sensitize others to issues of cultural identity, ethnic background, age, and gender role or identity in prevention, treatment, and recovery.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

121) Conduct culturally appropriate self-evaluations of professional performance, applying ethical, legal, and professional standards to enhance self-awareness and performance.

4.1 Choose three different ethnic groups. For each group, provide examples of how counselors may best build rapport and trust with clients. Provide scholarly evidence in your response.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standards:

2.F.2.a. Multicultural and pluralistic characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

18) Understand diverse racial and ethnic cultures, including their distinct patterns of interpreting reality, world view, adaptation, and communication, and to incorporate the special needs of minority groups and the differently abled into clinical practice.

19) Understand the importance of self-awareness in one’s personal, professional, and cultural life.

85) Adapt counseling strategies to the individual characteristics of the client, including (but not limited to): disability, gender, sexual orientation, developmental level, acculturation, ethnicity, age, and health status.

102) Sensitize others to issues of cultural identity, ethnic background, age, and gender role or identity in prevention, treatment, and recovery.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

121) Conduct culturally appropriate self-evaluations of professional performance, applying ethical, legal, and professional standards to enhance self-awareness and performance.

4.2 Choose three different ethnic groups. For each group, provide examples of how counselors may best build rapport and trust with clients. Provide scholarly evidence in your response.

This discussion question meets the following CACREP Standards:

2.F.2.a. Multicultural and pluralistic characteristics within and among diverse groups nationally and internationally.

This discussion question meets the following NASAC Standards:

18) Understand diverse racial and ethnic cultures, including their distinct patterns of interpreting reality, world view, adaptation, and communication, and to incorporate the special needs of minority groups and the differently abled into clinical practice.

19) Understand the importance of self-awareness in one’s personal, professional, and cultural life.

85) Adapt counseling strategies to the individual characteristics of the client, including (but not limited to): disability, gender, sexual orientation, developmental level, acculturation, ethnicity, age, and health status.

102) Sensitize others to issues of cultural identity, ethnic background, age, and gender role or identity in prevention, treatment, and recovery.

119) Recognize the importance of individual differences by gaining knowledge about personality, cultures, lifestyles, and other factors influencing client behavior, and applying this knowledge to practice.

121) Conduct culturally appropriate self-evaluations of professional performance, applying ethical, legal, and professional standards to enhance self-awareness and performance.

Each questions needs to be answered with 150-200 words and have a Cites in each answer. Must pass turn it in with less than 5%.

Consider the topics that the      speaker addressed, and choose one topic that resonated with you as you      consider the services you might provide in the future.

Please no plagiarism and make sure you are able to access all resource on your own before you bid. Main references come from Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012) and/or American Psychological Association (2010). You need to have scholarly support for any claim of fact or recommendation regarding treatment. APA format also requires headings. Use the prompt each week to guide your heading titles and organize the content of your initial post under the appropriate headings. Remember to use scholarly research from peer-reviewed articles that is current. I have also attached my discussion rubric so you can see how to make full points. Please follow the instructions to get full credit for the discussion. I need this completed by 06/26/19 at 6pm.

Discussion – Week 5

Live Chat with Career Expert

This week, you will have the opportunity to participate in a live chat with a career counseling expert.  This will give you a chance to learn and ask about current trends in the field of counseling, along with more specific information about helping clients who may present with career issues. If you are unable to participate in the call due to scheduling conflicts, you will have the opportunity to listen to a recording of the call.

To Prepare for this discussion:

  • Participate in the call with a      career expert (instructions for participation in the call will be provided      in Course Announcements) or listen to the recording of the call.
  • Consider the topics that the      speaker addressed, and choose one topic that resonated with you as you      consider the services you might provide in the future.
  • From a broader perspective,      consider several “takeaways” that are important for new counselors to      consider as they prepare to offer career counseling services to clients.

With these thoughts in mind:
Post by Day 4 a description of the one topic that was especially meaningful to you, along with why it was meaningful and how you will incorporate the information into your future practice.  Additionally, describe what you think are the 3 main “takeaway” points from the session with the career expert.

Here are some things that Dr. Capuzzi talked about:

1. While listening to this week’s call with a career expert I found out about how the cost of getting a degree has changed and how technology has affected the counseling profession. Larkin (2019) asked Dr. Capuzzi about how to choose the assessment that is appropriate for use with clients. Capuzzi responded that he doesn’t depend too much on assessments, but he uses them to talk with clients about what they think the assessment will reveal and discuss other topics that give him better insight into his client’s thoughts and feelings. Additionally, information gleaned from the client’s background, interests, culture and views helps career counselors develop a sense of the job clients may be interested in pursuing. Capuzzi also stated that some agencies have assessments they prefer counselors use with their clients and states Larkin may not have to select an assessment as he will be using those that the agency prefers. I’ve found through my studies that Walden’s Library provides students an excellent resource of information about assessments, target populations and specific issues researched and especially like researching testing instruments through the Mental Measurements Yearbook with Tests in Print and PsycTESTS links that give a wealth of information regarding assessments, tests and research studies including their validity, reliability and accuracy. Assessments are a tool that I believe can be vital to career counselors assisting clients in identifying careers that fit their personalities, skills, interests and abilities. This is a topic that I found interesting, as I have taken career interest assessments before and found it interesting, that some of the jobs I was directed towards were not jobs I had previously considered. Raczynski, Waldo, Schwartz, and Horne (2013) explain that two major questions you should ask about the quality of research evidence is (1) whether the findings are true, and (2) are they useful? Furthermore, Raczynski et al. (2013) state that the first question addresses the internal validity, while the second question addresses the external validity of research studies. Being able to evaluate the “quality of research evidence is essential to conducting evidence-based prevention”. (Raczynski et al., 2013, p. 26) I think that as I gain more experience working with clients and learning how to choose and utilize assessments with clients I will gain confidence in my ability to choose the appropriate assessment to use, and how assessments can be used as a means of gaining additional insight about my clients. I believe that being able to do as Dr. Capuzzi suggests and utilizing assessments as a means of gathering additional information from clients is a good way to avoid putting too much faith in assessments and their results.

2. For this week’s discussion, we were asked to attend an online career expert session or listen to the recording of the session. I was unable to attend the session with Dr. Capuzzi, but I listened to the recording. I very much wish I could have attended the live session, but I had to chauffeur my children to their baseball/softball games that evening (Laureate Education, 2019).

Meaningful Topic

The most meaningful topic for me was what I could take out of this class. I hope to primarily work with children and occasionally adolescents that have been abused, so I often ponder how this class will be beneficial to me. Capuzzi stressed that this textbook covers many different theories throughout the session. I know that, regardless of my future clients, having a better understanding of the counseling theories for the NCE will be extremely beneficial for me (Laureate Education, 2019).

3 Main Take-Away Points

I believe that the three main take-away points were: technological advances, changes in requirements for counselors, and why this class is important for all counselors to take. There have been outstanding advances in technology over Capuzzi’s counseling career. These advances have helped people in not only the job search, but also obtaining the education needed for many jobs (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012). Capuzzi stressed that the education requirements for counselors have changed over the years, so this makes me wonder if the education requirements for other careers have changed as well. The debt that comes along with required education is something to consider for many during career counseling, as well as the ability to pay back the debt with the average rate of pay of the potential job outlooks. Capuzzi stressed that this class is beneficial for all counselors to have knowledge in. I believe that the case for this is because a counselor will never know when career changes or upgrades will be needed for their clients. It is always important to be prepared for any issue that may arise within a counseling session (Laureate Education, 2019).

3. In the live chat with Dr. Capuzzi this week, the takeaway points for me were:

Technology:

For professional counselors technological changes means there may not be a need to relocate. Teleconferencing is now available and this provides an ability to reach clients in remote areas or clients can set up an appointment through your online private practices. In addition to easier access to clients, by accessing the Internet, counselors have a plethora of resources, research, updated code of ethics and continuing education.

Technology obviously provides many amenities for clients, as well. With mental health awareness has come easier opportunities for clients to reach out for help. There have been 24/7 crises lines have been around for quite some time for persons feeling depressed or have other mental health needs and need to talk to someone. Now there is a 24/7 text connecting option in the United States. If overwhelmed, suffering anxiety, depression, all a person needs to do is text 741741 and someone will text back immediately. Texts will continue or can change to a telephone call if requested, and the person will ‘stay with’ the person until s/he feels they are going to be okay or referred.

Rapport Building:

Dr. Capuzzi talked about the necessity of getting to know the total person and not be swayed by preset ideals, bias, or other based on culture, looks, etc. Digging into from a holistic mindset, considering all areas of the person’s world to better understand them and for the client to understand him/herself and come to the best options.

Assessment:

There were questions about the best career assessment instruments to be used for different populations. Dr. Capuzzi surprised me when he said he doesn’t put a lot of weight on assessments. He explained that he liked to discuss with clients what the assessment was all about, what it was described to reveal and how it was to aide in his/her career search. He then asks the client what they think the assessment will report and afterward review with client any differences. I think this is a great idea because it will provide the client with a baseline of what they think they know about one self.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources.

Required Resources

· Capuzzi, D., & Stauffer, M. D. (2012). Career counseling: Foundations, perspectives, and applications. (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.

o Chapter 7 “Using Information and Technology” pp. 197-198 and 207-222”

· The Code of Fair Testing Practices in Education
http://www.apa.org/science/programs/testing/fair-code.aspx

Website

· National Career Development Association. (2015). Internet sites for career planning. Retrieved from www.ncda.org/aws/NCDA/pt/sp/resources

National Counselor Exam Preparation

Becoming a National Certified Counselor (NCC) is an important step for students in graduate counseling programs. It is the premier counseling certification in the field of counseling. According to the National Board of Certified Counselors, “Becoming a board-certified counselor demonstrates to your colleagues and the public that you have voluntarily met high national standards for the practice of counseling.” The study materials below address some of the core content for you to review in preparation for the National Counselor Exam. It is important to integrate many resources into your study plan; we hope that these materials will supplement your study preparation.

Laureate Education (Executive Producer). (2019). Career Counseling NCE Module [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 66 minutes.

· with Dr. Elizabeth Ventura

Accessible player  –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript

· DocumentCareer Counseling: NCE Module (PowerPoint) Click for more options