Breast milk helps to ensure that your child reaches his/her expected potential in terms of health, intelligence, etc. Formula increases your child’s chances of illness, but does not guarantee that he or she will get sick more often.

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According to the studies, if you have a large group of breastfed babies and a large group of formula-fed babies, there will be more illness in the formula-fed group, and the breastfed group will have a slightly higher IQ.

 

Breast milk helps to ensure that your child reaches his/her expected potential in terms of health, intelligence, etc. Formula increases your child’s chances of illness, but does not guarantee that he or she will get sick more often.

 

 

Breast milk has DHA. (“Breast milk,” 2015) Until a few years ago formula did not. DHA helps with brain function. They don’t know everything that is in breast milk yet. As they learn, they put it in formula. But everything formula is missing does affect the babies health and intelligence. (“Breast milk,” 2015)

 

 

Breast milk contains several substances that help the baby’s brain and can increase the child’s IQ over his bottle-fed peers.

 

 

Like I said previously, it contains DHA, an omega-3 fatty acid that is important for the brain. The levels of this fatty acid in breast milk depend on the mother’s consumption of omega-3 rich foods, such as fish and flax. The DHA levels are also highest in babies who are breastfed the longest.

Breast milk also has cholesterol, which is needed to make nerve tissue in the growing brain.  It is high in lactose, which is broken down in the body into glucose and galactose, and galactose is a valuable nutrient for brain tissue development. We know from animal studies that the more intelligent species of mammals have greater amounts of lactose in their milk. Cow’s milk contains lactose, but not as much as human milk. Soy-based and other lactose-free formulas obviously contain no lactose at all.

 

Taurine, an amino acid found in breast milk, is important to the brain development. This amino acid is low in cow’s milk. Breastfeeding, itself may also benefit a child’s brain development because it varies more than the bottle-feeding experience, and because of a greater skin-to-skin contact.

 

 

A randomised study done in December 2015 revealed that breastfeeding is related to improved performance in intelligence tests. (Horta, Loret, & Victora, 2015) Breast fed infants had higher IQ levels.

 

 

CNN also did a study in 2015 and they were able to follow 68% of the participants. They observed that breastfeeding was positively associated with performance and intelligence at 30 years old, as well as with education, school achievement and higher monthly incomes. (LaMotte & CNN, 2015)

 

 

Sources:

 

 

1.

LaMotte, S., & CNN, special to (2015, March 19). Extended breastfeeding linked to higher IQ and income in study. CNN. Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com/2015/03/18/health/breastfeeding-iq-income/

 

2.

Fischer, C. (2014). Master the boards USMLE step 3. United States: Kaplan Publishing.

 

 

3.  Horta, B., Loret, de, & Victora, C. (2015). Breastfeeding and intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)., 104(467), 14–9. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26211556

4.  drsearsinstitute. (2013, August 8). Comparison of human milk and formula | ask Dr Sears® | the trusted resource for parents. Retrieved July 28, 2016, from Why Breast is Best, http://www.askdrsears.com/topics/feeding-eating/breastfeeding/why-breast-is-best/comparison-human-milk-and-formula

Explain the above proposition given by evolutionary psychologists in your own words. You can be specific by identifying a time when you helped someone or chose not to help someone.

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Evolutionary Personality Theory

Evolutionary psychologists assert that human beings extend help based on an intuitive cost-benefit analysis and only risk resources when the expected benefit outweighs the cost of the action. One outcome of this is that we are more likely to help those to whom we are related instead of those to whom we are not related.

Based on your reading about evolutionary and existential approaches, answer the following:

  • 1. Explain the above proposition given by evolutionary psychologists in your own words. You can be specific by identifying a time when you helped someone or chose not to help someone.
  • 2. Clearly express a cost-benefit analysis you did in both the cases.

Natural and sexual selection has shaped the innate, human experience. But they also assert that as humans, we are only predisposed to act in certain ways under specific conditions and that we are not just instinctive creatures.

  • 3.Imagine yourself an evolutionary psychologist, how would you explain murder or suicide? Use terminology specific to evolutionary personality theory.

According to evolutionary personality theory, men and women experience jealousy for different reasons. Males experience jealousy when they know or suspect that their mates are sexually unfaithful. Females experience jealousy when they know or suspect that the resources provided to her and her offspring by her mate are threatened by a rival.

  • 4.Discuss the evolutionary personality theory proposed by evolutionary psychologists in terms of how it explains jealousy? Explain why you think your experience conforms or does not conform to the theory.
  • 5. Some people find the evolutionary personality theory offensive or have strong opinions against it. What are your views about the theory? Explain.

no plagerism-Cite your sources in APA format. only need one page this is a discussion post and just answer 5 questions

 What does testing and assessment have to do with counselor competence?   3.    What does Evidence-based Best Practices have to do with testing and assessment in counseling?  

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Required Textbooks for writing assignment:

1. Neukrug, E. (2016). The World of the Counselor; (5th ed.)

Chapter 4: Individual Approaches to Counseling

Chapter 6:  Couples and Family Counseling

Chapter 11: Career Development: The Counselor and the World of Work

Chapter 12: Testing and Assessment

2. Corey, G., Corey, M.S., & Callanan, P. (2018). Issues and ethics in the helping professions (10th ed.)

Chapter 10: Issues in Theory and Practice

Please be sure to have ACA 2014 Code of Ethics

 

  1. Read the following scenario and respond to the questions that follow, in a 3 page (does not include title page and reference page) double spaced, APA Style document (no abstract required).
    Sandra is an LPC practicing in your state in a community agency setting.  She recently attended a professional training (half day) that focused on the use of projective drawings as a therapuetic tool in working with children in disrupted home environments (ie:  family separation, divorce, domestic violence, death).
    Sandra has a new child client, a 6 year old girl, who was referred to her by the GAL (Guardian ad litem) representing the child in a contested custody case.  The little girl has had her first appointment with Sandra and she was unable to share much about her situation with Sandra.At her second appointment the little girl complies with Sandra’s “spur of the moment” request to draw a picture, as directed by the House-Tree-Person Test.  This is the projective test that Sandra learned about in her recent training.  Upon looking carefully at the drawing following the child’s session, Sandra becomes concerned based on some elements of the drawing, that the child is being abused in some manner when she is at her mother’s home.  Sandra contacts the child’s attorney and an informal investigation is started.  The child is temporarily removed from her mother’s home  and placed with her father full time in order to protect the child until the investigation is completed. 

    Two weeks later the allegation of abuse was found to be unsubstantiated and the child was returned to her mother’s home to resume her prior time sharing schedule.  Six weeks later the child’s mother filed a formal complaint against Sandra citing harm that was done to her, her daughter, and to their relationship as a result of the “bogus” accusation made by Sandra, the child’s counselor.   
    Focusing on the use of the projective test by Sandra, what “evidence” can you find in the ACA 2014 Code of Ethics and in your readings, in defense of the counselor?  Next, what evidence can you find that could be incriminating for the counselor?  Be sure to be very specific and cite particular sections of the Code of Ethics or passages from your readings to illustrate your points either “for” or “against” the counselor.   An in-depth and thoughtful discussion, that clearly demonstrates your understanding of some of the complexities of this situation will earn the most points.

2. On a separate page by itself answer the following questions:

Be sure to use the ACA 2014 Code of Ethics (posted on Resources Page and also in the textbook (chapters above)) Section E on Evaluation, Assessment, and Interpretation to help you with your responses. This part of the assignment need to be at least 250 words.

1.    Discuss the difference between testing and assessment.

2.    What does testing and assessment have to do with counselor competence?

3.    What does Evidence-based Best Practices have to do with testing and assessment in counseling?

On a separate page answer the following question, 250 words minimum using the above chapters in the textbook:  Of what importance are the theories of counseling to your chosen counseling career? My chosen counseling career is Mental Health

explain at least one ethical implication of integrating technology for this purpose. Justify your position.  Be sure to use the Learning Resources and the current literature t

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Technology and Counseling

In 2014, the American Counseling Association added a new section to the code of ethics titled Distance Counseling, Technology, and Social Media (Section G). This section was added in response to the tremendous changes that have occurred in this area since the 2005 code was written.

The appropriate use of technology may help counselors manage and provide quality services and programs for their clients in a more efficient manner. However, there are significant ethical challenges associated with the use of technology that counselors need to acknowledge and address.

For this Discussion, review the Learning Resources for this week. Then, select two types of technology counselors can utilize with clients. Consider one type of technology that might be useful in the provision of counseling services (e.g., video conferencing, encrypted chat, virtual reality) and one type of technology that might be used in the management of counseling services (e.g., electronic data storage, e-mail, social media). Reflect on the potential ethical challenges counselors face when integrating technology into the counseling profession.

Post by Day 3 your position on the use of technology in providing counseling services. Then, explain at least one ethical violation and one ethical challenge related to using technology for providing counseling services. Then, state your position on the use of technology in managing counseling services. Finally, explain at least one ethical implication of integrating technology for this purpose. Justify your position.
Be sure to use the Learning Resources and the current literature to support your response.

Required Resources

Note: To access this week’s required library resources, please click on the link to the Course Readings List, found in the Course Materials section of your Syllabus.

Readings

  • Remley, T. P., Jr., & Herlihy, B. (2016). Ethical, legal, and professional issues in counseling (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.
    • Chapter 6, “Records, Subpoenas, and Technology”
      • “Subpoenas” (pp. 148-153)
    • Chapter 10, “Technology in Counseling” (pp. 245-263)
    • Chapter 15, “Supervision and Consultation”
      • “Technology Issues in Supervision” (p. 370)

    Bradley, L. J., & Hendricks, B. (2009). E-mail and ethical issues. The Family Journal, 17(3), 267–271.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  • Midkiff, D. M., & Wyatt, W. J. (2008). Ethical issues in the provision of online mental health services (etherapy). Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2-4), 310–332.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Shtarkshall, R. (2006). Responding to messages of adolescents on the Internet: Theoretical, practical, and ethical issues. American Journal of Sexuality Education, 1(4), 3–22.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
  • Zack, J. S. (2008). How sturdy is that digital couch? Legal considerations for mental health professionals who deliver clinical services via the Internet. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2-4), 333–359.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.