Why do you eat breakfast in the morning instead of at night?

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For Assignment #2, you may choose one of the following activities, either the “Illustration of Piagetian Concepts in Preschoolers” or the “Adolescent Egocentrism—Fact or Fiction?” assignment. YOU DO NOT HAVE TO DO BOTH, ONLY ONE. You are more than welcome to do both assignments; however, you will only receive a grade for the one you turn in. Please use 12-pt Times New Roman font, double spaced, APA format to complete the assignment and provide a reference page for any sources you use.

Illustration of Piagetian Concepts in Preschoolers

This activity expands your understanding of preschoolers’ cognitive abilities. If you have a child of your own or a friend or family member with a small child who is willing to allow you to interview their child, you have the task of asking a child (2 years to 7 years old) the following questions. DO NOT RANDOMLY TALK TO A CHILD WITHOUT EXPLICIT PERMISSION OF THEIR PARENT. With permission of the parent, you may video record your interview and submit it along with your report. For those who do not record the interview, please provide a transcript of the interview along with your report (for interviews conducted in Spanish, please translate in to English before you submit).

Children are sometimes shy and not responsive to questions. If this is the case, you may have to find a different child to interview so that you can complete the assignment. Also, feel free to ask the child follow up questions and/or add additional questions to the list below. If you are feeling adventurous, you can even test conservation with each child (see video in powerpoint).

In a written report (3 pages), describe the interview and the child’s answers in regard to the typical limitations of preoperational thinking, such as egocentrism, animism, irreversibility, and artificialism.

• How old are you?

• How did you learn to talk?

• Where does the sun go at night?

• Why is the sky blue?

• Why do dogs bark?

• Why does it rain?

• Where do babies come from?

• Who are you going to be when you grow up?

• Why do you eat breakfast in the morning instead of at night?

• Why do you have toes?

• Why are you ticklish?

• How do birds fly?

• What is your favorite toy?

Adolescent Egocentrism—Fact or Fiction?

This assignment focuses on adolescent egocentrism. You will read the following articles listed below (these resources challenge Elkind’s perspective on adolescent egocentrism). Then you will review the empirical literature regarding adolescent egocentrism and to form your own conclusion regarding this “phenomenon.” Do you believe that adolescent egocentrism exists as proposed by Elkind? Did you find any empirical support for these constructs? Are the measures used to evaluate adolescent egocentrism valid? In a written report (3 pages), You should construct an argument that articulates your conclusion (i.e., do you agree or disagree with Elkind?).

Sources:

Bell, J. H., & Bromnick, R. D. (2003). The social reality of the imaginary audience: A ground theory approach. Adolescence, 38(150), 205–219.

Vartanian, L. R. (2000). Revisiting the imaginary audience and personal fable constructs of adolescent egocentrism: A conceptual review. Adolescence, 35(140), 639–661.

Utilize critical thinking, and support your work with additional resources as applicable.  

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This assignment encourages you to consider the various psychological perspectives and views that influence human behavior. For each of the following statements, indicate which psychological perspective(s) that you most likely agree with, and explain why. Follow the discussion board guidelines and respond to peers.

The Psychological Perspectives:

  • Behavior (B)
  • Cognitive (C)
  • Humanistic (H)
  • Psychoanalytical (P)
  • Social (S)

Note: Each statement is keyed to one of these perspectives, however, you may be able to make a strong argument for multiple perspectives.

The Statements:

  1.  The mind can be viewed as an information processing system.
  2. Behavior is motivated by forces that individuals may not understand or be aware of.
  3. One limitation of our understanding of behavior is that most research has been conducted on subjects from North America.
  4. Psychological science is the study of behavior that is observable and measurable.
  5. Behavior is motivated by self-actualization and the promise of human potential.

This assignment is adopted from the Society of Teaching Psychology.

Guidelines

Before you begin, remember to review the class Discussion Board Guidelines.

Your original post, in response to the discussion prompt above, should contain a minimum of 125 words, not including restatement of questions or reference sections. Utilize critical thinking, and support your work with additional resources as applicable.

Finally, any content that is paraphrased, summarized or quoted in your discussion post or response must be cited using APA format. For more information on APA format, review the OWL Guide: APA General Format

Chapter Objectives: Students will demonstrate an understanding of basic social and behavioral science concepts and principles used in the analysis of behavioral, social, and cultural issues (B2).

Summarize the scenario explaining why the client is considered “dually diagnosed.”

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Co-Occurring  clients are often in treatment for substance use and mental health disorders. Their treatment is trickier than those who only have one of these disorders. For this assignment, you will research the complicated relationship between mental health and substance use disorders. For example, clients diagnosed with mood disorders often turn to alcohol or illicit substances to regulate their moods.

Select one of the hypothetical client scenarios. Briefly summarize the scenario and propose some health problems that the client might have as a result of his/her illicit drug/alcohol use. Research the interaction between the drug use and the mental health disorder use your textbook and three other academic sources to support your ideas. Explain how the drug directly affects the person’s nervous system.

First Part: Select a scenario

Darren

Darren is a 24-year-old male who was diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) and Bipolar Disorder. He was diagnosed with ADHD at age seven by pediatric neurologist and started to take stimulants to reduce the impulsivity. During his late high school years, he became violent with his mother. He suffered mood swings that did not seem related to the ADHD. His psychiatrist and psychologist added Bipolar Disorder to his diagnosis. He was prescribed antidepressants in addition to his other medications.

He was able to develop skills to manage his attention without medication. He stopped taking stimulants for his ADHD. However, he continued to take medications for the Bipolar Disorder diagnosis. These included Abilify and Clonidine. Darren did not like taking either of those drugs, so he began to experiment with using a combination of marijuana and cocaine to manage his moods. Darren is now addicted to using marijuana and feels that he cannot function without it.

Darren needs treatment for his drug use, but will also need help with his bipolar disorder symptoms too. He lives with a girlfriend who has threatened to move out if he does not get treatment soon. He wants to change, but insists that his marijuana use is the only thing that stabilizes his moods.

Rhonda

Rhonda is a 32-year-old mother of two young children who has a history of depression (including post-partum) and alcoholism. She smokes two packs of cigarettes a day and drinks the equivalent of two bottles of wine a day. She was initially diagnosed with depression as a teenager. From the age of 13 to 18, she used self-injury to alleviate her stress and depression. She received treatment and stopped cutting. However, she began drinking and smoking in place of cutting.

Rhonda suffered intense periods of depression after the birth of both children. Her doctor prescribed Prozac and Wellbutrin at different times. She did not think that the medications worked very well, so she often took double doses of her medications along with wine. She continued to see a therapist during these times, but did not reveal that she was drinking.

Rhonda was referred to treatment because of a Driving Under the Influence arrest. She revealed that she has been drinking and smoking cigarettes throughout the day to treat her depression. She does not think that her medications work. Her husband will support her recovery as long as she promises to stop drinking and take her depression medication.

Part One (about two pages)

  1. Summarize the scenario explaining why the client is considered “dually diagnosed.”
  2. Using your research, explain the health problems that can occur from using the specifically mentioned illicit drug/alcohol. What are the effects on the body/brain?

Part Two (about two pages)

  1. Using your research, explain how the specific illicit drug/alcohol impacts the person’s mental health disorder (e.g. someone diagnosed with anxiety and takes a stimulant will have increased anxiety).
  2. Explain the specific problems that exist in treating the dual diagnosed (e.g. setting for treatment, interventions, medical treatment).

This is an essay so be sure you are weaving the answers to the questions into a well-written academic essay. The viewpoint and purpose should be clearly established and sustained. The writing should be well ordered, logical and unified, as well as original and insightful. The essay should be 1200 words (not including the title and reference page) supported by current research, and formatted according to the most recent edition of the APA manual.

You must demonstrate college-level communication through the composition of original materials in Standard English.

Explain in one paragraph, the “lens” by which you view the world (worldview or paradigm), and explain how your worldview has shaped your own personal history. A few components of worldview are as follows: society, culture, political/government, economic, education and/or religious context.

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  • Schultz, D.P., & Schultz, S.E. (2011). A History of Modern Psychology, (Ed. 10th). Wadsworth Publishing: Belmont, CA.  ISBN-13: 978-1133316244

Background Information:

Historians of the history of psychology gather documents, artifacts, books, journals, writings, videos/film footage, pictures and interviews of contributors to the psychological discipline. However, much of what these historians gather is often fragmented or incomplete. Too, the information gathered may give a skewed view of the founder or theorist because people often tend to self-inflate the historical record. Therefore, the history of psychology is often an inaccurate perspective of the theorist and his or her contributions to the psychological discipline.

For this assignment, you are going to act as an historian of your own personal history, in much the same way as a historian of psychology would reconstruct the historical record (Chapter 1). Therefore, you are going to engage in this process to reconstruct, from documents and/or records, your own personal historical account. Hopefully, this will be a growth experience for you and also, that you will learn about the difficulty that ensues, when examining artifacts, in an effort to create an accurate historical account of you!

Before the Assignment:

  1. Read Chapter 1 from your textbook.
  2. You will review and examine 3 types of personal documents and/or records that reflect your personal history (i.e., personal documents/records include, but are not limited to, books, letters, emails, journals, writings, photos, videos, family trees, and financial records).
  3. Interview a family member or friend and ask him or her to recount your personal history.

Instructions:

  1. Your paper will include 6 different components, which are outlined below. Though you are writing a 6 part paper, be sure that your paper is written as one cohesive essay. The purpose of this assignment is for students to understand how historical accounts of psychological theorists are created, rather than for your professor to know more about who you are as a person. In other words, this historical account of yourself is meant to help students understand the process of creating a historical picture of a psychological theorist and the difficulties of creating an accurate and iron clad historical representation.
  2. Include the following in your paper:
    1. In two to three paragraphs, describe your personal history from the review and examination of your 3 personal documents.Be systematic when looking at the documents and records about “you,” and focus your historical reconstruction not from memory, but rather reconstruct your personal history directly from the documents/records you are reviewing ,you are taking an objective view of your historical records versus a subjective view. (Important: Be sure to outline in your writing, each of the three types of documents you examined, these must be clear and cited). This section must be written in the 3rd person; see rubric.).
    2. In one or two paragraphs, describe the your personal historical account from the interview you had with your family member or friend. The purpose of this interview is to understand who someone would say you were outside of your personal view of yourself. This section must be written in the 3rd person.
    3. Next , in another paragraph or two, describe how your personal historical account of yourself and your family members or friends historical account of you are both similar and different. These next sections  can be written in the first person.
    4. Continue in another paragraph, by discussing how the personal history you and your family member/friend described, is incomplete or missing important information relevant to you. Briefly, discuss whether the historical account was inflated or skewed.
    5. Explain in one paragraph, the “lens” by which you view the world (worldview or paradigm), and explain how your worldview has shaped your own personal history. A few components of worldview are as follows: society, culture, political/government, economic, education and/or religious context.
    6. Finally, explain in a paragraph how this process of retelling your own personal history from an objective viewpoint, has illuminated your understanding of how historiography (Chapter 1), shapes our knowledge and understanding of psychology’s historical past.

Additional Instructions:

  • Assignment should be approximately 750 – 1000words (3-4 pages) long and follow APA formatting style.
  • Times New Roman Font, 1 inch margins, double-spaced.
  • Remember, you must describe the three personal documents you are using in your paper.
  • Make sure to include 5 sources in your paper; your textbook (Chapter 1) and your three personal documents and the person you interviewed. In other words, all of your sources must be cited in your paper.
  • Include a title and reference page with any sources cited in your paper.