Treatment of Schizophrenia and Depression

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Treatment of Schizophrenia and Depression

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read the required chapters from the text and review the required articles for this week.

Taking on the role of the expert in the treatment of schizophrenia or depression, you will prepare a presentation for a group of physicians who are seeking your opinion on the treatment of patients with these disorders. For this interactive assignment you will create and upload a 5- to10-slide PowerPoint presentation as well as a five-minute screencast of the presentation to share with your peers.

For this presentation, select either schizophrenia or depression as the basis for your presentation. Begin by creating your PowerPoint presentation. In the presentation, include information which explains the neurotransmitter theory behind the disorder and how the drugs used to treat the disorder affect those neurotransmitter systems.  Evaluate the risk and benefits of treating a patient with the most common type of medication and of not using drugs to treat the patient. In your evaluation, examine issues such as the rate of success with the most common drugs used as well as the incidence of side effects with these same drugs, including mortality associated with drug use. Then consider not using medications to treat the disorder. Take into account the natural course of the illness, the rate of spontaneous recovery, and the rate of mortality when untreated. You may also incorporate the use of other modes of treatment into your evaluation.

Your PowerPoint must include your presenter notes in the notes field to indicate what you intend to say during the screencast and well-chosen images to enhance the understanding of your audience. Remember that your screencast will be a maximum of five-minutes, and use your speaker notes to ensure that you will be able to present your materials within this time limit. (You may access Garr Reynolds’s Top Ten Slide Tips (Links to an external site.) for additional assistance in creating an effective visual presentation.) Once you have created your PowerPoint you will create a screencast presentation of up to 5 minutes in length using any screencasting software you choose. (Quick-Start Guides are available for Screencast-O-Matic (Links to an external site.) for your convenience.) Attach your PowerPoint file to your intial post and include the URL for your screencast in the body of the post before submitting it.

Note to Students: This assignment requires that you produce a visual presentation, supply a spoken audio narrative, and to listen the audio narrative of others.  Note you are also asked to provide a transcript of your presentation.  If you have a documented disability accommodation that might interfere with your ability to complete this assignment you may contact your instructor to develop a comparable alternative assignment.  If you have other issues that you feel may be a barrier to your ability to complete this course or this assignment please contact the Office of Access and Wellness at: access@ashford.edu.

· Describe your client’s presenting problem and concerns in no more than one paragraph. What initially brought your client to counseling?

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By this point in your fieldwork experience, you have likely completed a formal or informal diagnostic assessment of a client at your site or you have discussed possible diagnoses with your site supervisor.

For this discussion, identify a client from your site and address the following questions based on your diagnostic assessment:

· Describe your client’s presenting problem and concerns in no more than one paragraph. What initially brought your client to counseling?

· Describe your diagnostic impression of the client:

o What symptoms were most apparent in your client’s presentation?

o What was your impression of the DSM diagnosis or diagnoses that best fit for your client?

o Did your client meet the full criteria for the diagnosis? If not, what other diagnoses did you consider and what additional information did you need to obtain?

· Include the specific sociocultural factors you considered in your assessment of your client. Consider age, gender, and ethnicity in your post.

Your initial post and responses are expected to be substantive in nature and to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Cite and reference your sources using standard APA guidelines.

Resources

· Discussion Participation Scoring Guide.

· Back to Basics: Using the DSM-5 to Benefit Clients.

· Ethical Dimensions of Diagnosing: Considerations for Clinical Mental Health Counselors.

· APA Style and Format.

Summarize the features of objective methods of personality assessment, and provide at least three examples of these types of measures.

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In this assignment, you will compare projective and objective methods of personality assessment. Research a minimum of three peer-reviewed articles  that were published within the last 15 years on these techniques. In your paper, you will provide an evaluation of these techniques organized according to the outline provided below. Use information from your researched peer-reviewed articles and required sources to support your work in each section.

Section 1: Objective Personality Assesment

  • Define the term objective in objective methods of personality assessment.
  • Summarize the features of objective methods of personality assessment, and provide at least three examples of these types of measures.
  • Explain the assumptions on which objective methods are based, and provide an analysis of empirical research testing the validity of the assumptions you identified.
  • Appraise the research exploring the technical adequacy (i.e., reliability and validity) of objective tests.
  • Describe the impact of social and culture variability on the administration and interpretation of objective tests.

Section 2: Projective Personality Assesment

  • Define the term projective in projective methods of personality assessment.
  • Summarize the features of projective methods of personality assessment, and provide at least three examples of these types of measures.
  • Explain the assumptions on which projective methods are based, and provide an analysis of empirical research testing the validity of the assumptions you identified.
  • Appraise the research exploring the technical adequacy (i.e., reliability and validity) of projective tests.
  • Describe the impact of social and culture variability on the administration and interpretation of projective tests.

Section 3: Synthesis, Conclusions, and Recommendations

  • Write a brief one-paragraph scenario for a fictitious client. Include the following information: presenting concerns (reason for referral), age, gender, ethnicity, language(s), and any other significant information (e.g., military status, health issues, marital status, sexual orientation, etc.).
  • Debate the arguments supporting and opposing the use of projective and objective personality assessments with your identified client.
  • Select a minimum of one objective and one projective measure to use with your client. Compare the use of the selected projective and objective personality measures with your identified client.
  • Analyze the advantages and limitations of each assessment measure you selected.
  • Compose recommendations to improve the validity of personality assessment.

The Evaluation of Objective and Projective Measures of Personality

  • Must be four to six double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style
  • Must include a separate title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Student’s name
    • Course name and number
    • Instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must use at least three peer-reviewed sources published within the last 15 years in addition to the course text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style

What methods does Dr. Donavan use to achieve this goal? How effective is it with Helen?

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Reply to 2 classmates for each forum. You must explain briefly (150-200 words) why you agree or disagree with your classmate’s view. Your replies must be in response to classmates who answered a different question than you and significantly add to the discussion. You are required to include at least one reference in each reply. Remember to use APA formatting.

Reference: https://learn.liberty.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-33342817-dt-content-rid-405094433_1/xid-405094433_1

Shannon Post:

Interpretation is an important technique that is used in the psychoanalytic theory. Freud explained that if interpretations are made too soon, they can cause resistance from the client. He also stated that one must form a positive relationship with their therapist before interpretations are made (Murdock, 2017). In the video presentation of Helen, who is being counseled by Dr. Donavan, we see several instances of interpretation being used. Dr. Donavan is careful not to speak too soon during the session, but rather he waits until Helen has finished explaining the dream to him. Dr. Donavan used interpretation to show the comparison between Helen’s dream and what she was facing in real life. The river was like her everyday life, in which she was just basically floating along without being “noticed”. Helen even told the therapist that her son was the only one who acknowledged that she was floating by. The professor in both the dream and in their meeting expressed concern and worry for Helen, which is something that she is not getting at home. Dr. Donavan was able to help Helen explore the idea that the dream represented the inner struggle she was feeling between returning to her career or continuing to dedicate her time to her husband and children.

I thought the way Dr. Donavan used open ended questions when talking to Helen was helpful. He was not quick to jump to conclusions but let Helen lead the conversation, which led to him being able to effectively make interpretations about her dream. Even though Helen waited two weeks to tell Dr. Donavan about running into her old professor, I felt that she was comfortable in their client/therapist relationship and that the techniques he used during their session were beneficial to her.

Reference

Murdock, N.L. (2017). Theories of Counseling and Psychotherapy: A Case Approach (4th ed.).

Boston: Pearson

Tracy Post:

Psychoanalysis helps the client to uncover and resolve unconscious conflicts and to strengthen the ego by redirecting energy to conscious processes. What methods does Dr. Donavan use to achieve this goal? How effective is it with Helen?

Psychoanalysis contains a variety of methods which assist in making unconscious conflicts conscious (Jones & Butman, 2011, p. 109). During the therapy session with Helen, Dr. Donovan used transference, free association, and dream analyzing to assist Helen uncover her resolve her unconscious conflicts.

An important theme in psychoanalytic therapy is transference, the relationship between the counselor and client will develop during therapy (Jones & Butman, 2011, p. 108). Helen had stated feelings of not being seen by her family. Her conflict is that this old friend has shown interest in her, and she is considering the possibilities. Dr. Donovan asked Helen how did being in the therapy session make her feel, did she feel visible with him in counseling?

Dr. Donovan also used dream interpretation when working with Helen. Helen had dreamed about being in a river and passing by her family not being seen except for possibly her son seeing her. The man that Helen is attracted to from her past was on the side of the river, he saw her. “Psychoanalysis assert that dream analysis is especially helpful in uncovering important unconscious material” (Jones & Butman, 2011, p. 109).

Free association in another concept in psychoanalysis. When the session first began, Dr. Donovan started using free association with Helen to get her to open up. This free association is what let to Dr. Donovan knowing about the man Helen ran into in New York, which now sparked an interest with Helen.

Helen was resistant to some free association, most likely because she wasn’t ready to deal with the emotions. A few times Helen, would sigh and wouldn’t reveal what exactly she was thinking, she was blocking her thoughts (Eremie & Ubulom, 2016).

Overall, I believe each method of psychoanalysis was effective for Helen, without free association Dr. Donovan wouldn’t have known about the man in New York. Dream analysis seemed to be the most effective of the three methods. As for transference, I worry that it could cause issues instead of helping, it could possibly create transference neurosis (Ferreira & Carrijo, 2016).

ReferencesEremie, M. D., & Ubulom, W. J. (2016). Review of Psychoanalytic Approach to Counselling. International Journal of Innovative Psychology & Social Development, 4(2), 22-25.

Ferreira, D. S., & Carrijo, C. (2016). Freud’s transference management: An analysis of the relationship between transference and suggestion. Agora, 19(3). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14982016003004

Jones, S. L., & Butman, R. E. (2011). Modern Psychotherapies: A Comprehensive Christian Appraisal. Downers Grove, IL : Intervarsity Press.