How has modern society dramatically altered the carbon cycle?

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  1. How has modern society dramatically altered the carbon cycle?
  2. Without the greenhouse effect, life on Earth would not exist. But too much of a good
    thing can spell trouble. Explain.
  3. How is the “free-rider” problem so potentially vexing to the challenge of mitigating
    climate change?
  4. How does a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions differ from the traditional
    regulatory approach?
  5. Describe the example given of the market-based “solution” to climate change that
    exacerbated global uneven development. Did this program at least achieve its stated environmental goals?

Exercise 9.1 The Ethics of CO2

In this chapter, we have reviewed how the puzzle of CO2 might be addressed by markets, institutions, and political economy. Explain how you might understand this problem using an ethics framework (as described in Chapter 5). How might an anthropocentric approach differ from an ecocentric one? Do polar bears have intrinsic value? How might pragmatism and utilitarianism be employed to consider options for the control of carbon? What are the limits of an ethical approach to CO2?

Exercise 9.2 Can You Do Better than the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change?

Outline an international climate treaty that would reduce emissions around the world to their 1990 levels. Things you will want to consider include whether stipulations will be the same for all countries, whether emissions or consumption of carbon is targeted, whether there will be trading or other kinds of flexibility, whether there will be monitoring or enforcement? How? Will offsets be allowed from forests or other efforts at sequestration? Once you have a sketch of what your treaty might look like, consider the following: What are the weaknesses in the treaty? What nations are more or less likely to sign on to your treaty? Why? What kinds of further compromises might be necessary to achieve a treaty that maximizes participation?

Exercise 9.3 Should Cities Think about Climate Change?

Visit and read the Climate Action Plan for the City of Seattle (http://www.seattle.gov/ environment/climate_plan.htm). What kinds of steps does that city envision for itself? To what degree are their efforts directed toward reducing greenhouse emissions and to what degree are they about adapting to change? Given this is a “global problem,” what motivates the city to address these issues at all? Do you think cities can make a difference in climate change, or is this something that requires a coordinated global action? Why or why not? What is the role of cities in governing climate change?

Design an Operations Safety Management Plan for your own organization or an organization that is familiar to you.

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Unit VIII Assignment.

Operations Safety Management Plan

· Review the information in your textbook (Leveson, 2011, pp. 412-414) related to the Operations Safety Management Plan design.

· Review the Figure C.1 depiction of a sample Safety Control Structure in your textbook (Leveson, 2011, p. 500).

· Review and use a minimum of five (5) peer-reviewed journal articles from the CSU Online Library (Academic Search Complete) to support your design work.

Then, select one (1) of the following options:

Option 1: Design an Operations Safety Management Plan for your own organization or an organization that is familiar to you.

Option 2: Design an Operations Safety Management Plan for a bulk tank railcar off-loading facility for hydrocarbon products that has the following features:

a. one railcar switch located next to an interstate highway,

b. capacity to off-load both liquid hydrocarbon products and liquefied, compressed, natural gas products,

c. two 500,000-gallon bulk liquid storage tanks for liquid hydrocarbon products,

d. two 45,000-gallon bullet-styled, horizontal, liquid storage tanks for liquefied, compressed natural gas products,

e. one off-loading station (single-sided) that is elevated 12 feet from the ground,

f. one flare for over-pressurized gas tank railcars,

g. one 3,000-gallon condensation storage tank, and

h. one switch engine for staging railcars at the off-loading station and at railcar storage tracks.

Using the CSU APA-styled paper as a formatting template, design a minimum eight-page Operations Safety Management Plan with a minimum of five (5) scholarly sources (books and articles) using the following APA Level 1 headings:

1. General Considerations

2. Safety Organization

3. Procedures

4. Schedule

5. Safety Information System

6. Operations Hazard Analysis

7. Evaluation and Planned Use of Feedback for System Maintenance

8. Safety Control Structure Diagram (Design a Safety Control Structure Diagram for your work system and use as the content.)

Discuss the elements of a communication system and what the ultimate impact might be due to some sort of failure.

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1.     Communication is a key factor to successfully completing a task, especially if others are involved in the task completion. In an essay, discuss the items that can go wrong with a communication system. Discuss the elements of a communication system and what the ultimate impact might be due to some sort of failure.

 

 

 

Your response must be at least 200 words in length.

 

 

 

2The amount of information can sometimes hamper the outcome expected by the end user. In other words, clutter can hinder the intended message. One example of clutter (or too much information) is prescription-drug packaging. Explain why it is important for ergonomics professionals to understand the concept of clutter or “too much information”.

 

 

 

Your response should be at least a 200-word essay.

 

Question 3

 

1.

 

Beth, the administrative assistant, continues to have headaches. Using the ideas of positive feedback loops and negative feedback loops (control processes), comment on what Beth could do to relieve these headaches. The treatment options could include medications and how the employee responds to those, adjustment of the lighting within the work site, sound, smell, etc. Also comment on non-medicinal therapies that might be available for this employee.

 

 

 

Your response should be at least 200 words

 

 

 

Question 4

 

1.

 

Continuing to draw upon our examples highlighted in Unit I, Beth continues to develop headaches while at work. Remember, she is an administrative assistant and works in a new office building, which has produced significant odors relating to the combination of construction materials. And this is the presumed source of the headaches. Because this has become a workers compensation issue, you are asked to look into the employee’s setup for her work station. Discuss this situation using both the feedback mechanisms and also the controlling mechanisms as they pertain to Beth’s individual circumstance.

 

 

 

Your response should be at least 200 words

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ow will you handle the OSHA inspector should one show up in the next few hours?

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The Situation: You are the EH&S professional at your company’s shipyard. You have just received a call from a production supervisor that there has been a very serious near miss accident out in the assembly area. Your company is manufacturing the second Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) for the US Navy. This new generation high speed, trimaran design warship has been designed to carry out a wide range of tactical, combat, and support operations in the near-shore (littoral) environment. The project is severally over budget and has received a considerable amount of criticism for it. Successful completion of the project at this phase will be a prime determinant in your companies securing the very lucrative follow-up contracts for more LCS’s. Everyone in the shipyard feels the pressure to complete this project ASAP.

Apparently a very large 20 ton overhead crane had some cables snap and has partially collapsed while trying to hoist a large section of the vessel into place for its final welding operation. When you arrive on scene, you see the section wedged overhead between some support beams and walkways. About a dozen hourly workers are scattered about as they leaped to safety after hearing the cables snap. There are many bumps, bruises and scratches on the workers, but they all are able to be treated internally at your nurse’s office. In this initial assessment, there appears to be no need for, or request on the part of the employees, to go to any outside medical consultant or hospital emergency room.

Almost immediately you can hear the men complaining that the first attempt to lift the unit did not work and then the production engineer’s decided to “jury rig” some extra cables to lift the unit in place. In addition, one individual said that they were trying to hoist about 28-30 tons, and that was just too much for the old crane. Another offered that the cables themselves had not been changed out in a couple of years and that was against OSHA regulations. Everyone said that they could hear the unit groan and screech before the cables snapped and the crane partially collapsed.

Before you walk off with the supervisors to inspect the damage one of the workers offers the opinion that this is an “imminent danger” situation. About 30 minutes later, you are meeting with the engineers and supervisors on one the overhead platforms continuing your inspection of the damage: when a supervisor comes up and tells you that he has heard that an hourly employee has just called OSHA and told them of the situation and that they used the term “imminent danger” in their conversation.

 

The Questions: What are your most important concerns? What should you do next? What information is the most critical for you to have right away? What directions would you give to the supervisors and engineers? When should you inform your facility manager and what should you tell him/her? Should you meet with the hourly employees and what will you discuss with them? How will you handle the OSHA inspector should one show up in the next few hours?

 

 

Instructions: You are required to discuss a sequential Action Plan on your part that addresses all of the issues presented. It should be a minimum of about 500-600 words (that’s about two pages when double spaced, 12 pt type, 1” margins) and must follow the APA formatting guidelines.