Cardiovascular Disorders

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Cardiovascular Disorders

Veins and arteries are vital elements of the cardiovascular system. They carry the blood supply through the body and are essential for proper function. Sometimes veins and arteries malfunction, resulting in cardiovascular disorders. Malfunctions of arteries and veins are similar to malfunctions of a water hose. Consider the structure and function of a hose. A tap releases water, which then travels through the hose and comes out the other end. If the hose has been dormant for several months, dirt and rusty particles might build up inside, resulting in a restricted flow of water. Similarly, buildup of plaque inside the coronary arteries restricts blood flow and leads to disorders such as coronary heart disease. This disease is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, and according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2011), is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. In this Discussion, you examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease.

To prepare:

·        Review this week’s media presentation on alterations of cardiovascular functions, as well as Chapter 23 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.

·        Select one patient factor: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.

·        Select one of the following alterations of cardiovascular disorders: peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or dysrhythmia. Think about how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected.

Post  a 1 page paper APA format

1 a thorough description of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders, including how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology.

2 Then, explain how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected for patients with the factor you identified.

 

Course resources

·        Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

o   Chapter 22, “Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems”

This chapter examines the circulatory system, heart, systemic circulation, and lymphatic system to establish a foundation for normal cardiovascular function. It focuses on the structure and function of various parts of the circulatory system to illustrate normal blood flow.

o   Chapter 23, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function”

This chapter presents the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, evaluation, and treatment of various cardiovascular disorders. It focuses on diseases of the veins and arteries, disorders of the heart wall, heart disease, and shock.

o   Chapter 24, “Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children”

This chapter examines cardiovascular disorders that affect children. It distinguishes congenital heart disease from acquired cardiovascular disorders.

·        McPhee, S. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2010). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.

o   Chapter 11, “Cardiovascular Disorders: Vascular Disease”

This chapter begins with an overview of the vascular component of the cardiovascular system and how the cardiovascular system is normally regulated. It then describes three common vascular disorders: atherosclerosis, hypertension, and shock.

Media

·        Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012a). Alterations of cardiovascular functions PPT lecture. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This media presentation outlines common alterations of cardiovascular function, including disorders of the veins and arteries.

Optional Resources

·        American Heart Association. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/

·        Million Hearts. (2012). Retrieved from http://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html

·        National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/

 

 

What barriers contributed to this incident? What other challenges may have influenced this situation?

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Think of a particular day you spent working in a health care environment, and consider three or four distinct points in time. For each point of time, consider the following: With whom did you interact? Which forms of communication did you use? What issues were communicated about—did they seem to be light-hearted or sensitive? Straightforward or complicated? How would you describe the pace of the interactions and your work?

 

As you consider these questions, it becomes clear that communication can be quite complex, with many layers of meaning that shape the experience for everyone involved. How could this awareness help you to understand instances of ineffective communication when they arise?

 

To prepare:

 

  • Review the information in Chapter 19 of the course text, as well as the assigned articles.
  • Reflect on an incident involving ineffective communication within your organization or another health care setting. Consider this incident through the lens of the communication process outlined in Figure 19.1 of the course text (p. 439).
  • What barriers contributed to this incident? What other challenges may have influenced this situation?
  • Using the information presented in the other Learning Resources, consider what could have been done to prevent or address the ineffective communication. Why do you think the use of these strategies would have resulted in better outcome(s)?On the Discussion Board, post 1 page on  a summary of an incident involving ineffective communication. Describe communication barriers and other challenges that contributed to the incident. Propose one or more strategies that could have been employed to promote a better outcome. Be sure to refer to elements of the communication process.

     

    References

 

  • Marquis, B. L., & Huston, C. J. (2015). Leadership roles and management functions in nursing: Theory and application (8th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
    • Review Chapter 19, “Organizational, Interpersonal, and Group Communication

 

 

Gifu, D., Dima, I. C., & Teodorescu, M. (2014). New communication approaches vs. traditional communication. International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences, (20), 46-55.
Retrieved from Walden Library Databases.

 

 

 

Johansson, C., Miller, V. D., Hamrin, S. (2014) Conceptualizing communicative leadership: A framework for analyzing and developing leaders’ communication competence, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 19 (2), 147 – 165.
Retrieved from Walden Library Databases

 

Manojlovich, M., Harrod, M., Holtz, B., Hofer, T., Kuhn, L., & Krein, S. L. (2015). The Use of Multiple Qualitative Methods to Characterize Communication Events Between Physicians and Nurses. Health communication, 30(1), 61-69.
Retrieved from Walden Library Databases

 

Discuss the meteorology of what happened during your weather event.  Describe conditions seen on the ground.

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Assignment 2: Presentation Outline Objective:  Organize your thoughts and the main points of your research for your final presentation Assignment Instructions:  To help you complete Assignment 3: Research Presentation, you will first submit an outline to organize your thoughts and main points. Your outline should be formatted a specific way and must contain the following elements as described below.  To prepare for this assignment, I recommend that you do the following:

  • Read these directions carefully.
  • Review the sample outline provided to you below.
  • Read the grading criteria below.  The grading criteria is a detailed evaluation that I will use to assess your performance.  It also will help you understand what is expected of you as you prepare your assignment.
  • Message me with any questions!

Be sure to add your name and course number to your outline.The outline format:  Your outline must be formatted as described and exemplified in the example attached.  Please note that this format will be assessed in your grade:

  • Use an alphanumeric sequence
  • Sections should be indented and aligned
  • Follow the suggested order of the required elements
  • Use brief but detailed and descriptive phrases.

The required elements: Your outline should contain the following elements in this order:

  1. The Introduction: this section must contain
    • Name of research topic
    • When weather event occurred
    • Where weather event occurred
    • Who was impacted by weather event
    • Why is weather event relevant and important
  2. The Body (Content Sections): this section should contain
    • Weather Journal: Please review the Weather Journal and include a minimum of five days of atmospheric conditions.  Record conditions beginning at least two days prior to the event and ending at least two days after the event.
    • Weather Event:  Discuss the meteorology of what happened during your weather event.  Describe conditions seen on the ground.
    • Causation: Factors instrumental in creating favorable conditions for this weather event (i.e., surface heating, upper level disturbances, frontal convergence, etc.)
    • Societal Impacts: Discuss the short-term (i.e. evacuations, power outages, property damage, injuries, loss of life, etc.) and long-term (i.e. economic losses, homelessness, mass relocations, etc.) impacts this weather event had on society.
    • Weather Readiness: Plans to minimize, mitigate, or avoid future impacts from similar weather events (i.e. investing in weather radios or weather apps, evacuation plans, recovery centers, improving infrastructure, etc.)
  3. The Conclusion Section: this section should contain four to six points that sum up the main points from the body of the outline.
    • Start your conclusive section with one sentence summarizing some basic information included in the introduction your chosen topic
    • Continue with a brief summary (1-2 sentences) summarizing what happened.
    • Include a brief note about future weather readiness.
    • Wrap up the conclusive section with a closing note that provides brief information about relevancy of your topic.
  4. Reference section: This is not just the reference page; rather, referencing should occur throughout the outline as it will in your presentation.  Therefore, your outline should include both a separate reference page containing a minimum of five sources listed in proper APA reference list format AND internal citations throughout the outline where appropriate.  Please be sure to see the resources below for assistance regarding in-text citations and reference list formatting, and/or ask me if you have any additional questions.

Respond to the following questions in complete sentences and paragraphs. This section should be at least 200 words.

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Respond to the following questions in complete sentences and paragraphs. This section should be at least 200 words.

  • What is the AMDR for fat in the diet?
  • What was your perception of dietary fat before reading this week’s resources?
  • How has your perception changed?

Below is a sample one-day menu for Mrs. Smith. Her doctor just told her she is at risk for developing heart disease since her cholesterol is a little high. The doctor has asked her to meet with a registered dietitian to learn more about heart-healthy fats to include and which unhealthy fats to avoid. She hopes to meet with a dietitian next week, but in the meantime, she needs help making these changes.

List five suggestions for Mrs. Smith’s diet. Provide only changes that address the goals with her meal planning as mentioned above. Tell her which food she should omit and with what you would replace it. You may also change portion sizes. Highlight (yellow only please) or bold the item you are changing and then write the change next to that. You may make more than five changes, but if you do, you will only receive full credit when all changes correctly match the assigned directions.

Breakfast
8 oz. whole milk
8 oz. orange juice
2 fried eggs (fried in butter)
2 slices sourdough toast with 1 tablespoon butter

Snack
1/2 peanut butter and jelly sandwich: 1 slice white bread, 1 tablespoon Skippy peanut butter, 1 tablespoon grape jelly

Lunch
8 oz. cream of tomato soup
1 oz. potato chips
1 sandwich: 2 oz. turkey, 1 oz. salami, 2 slices white bread, 1 tablespoon mayonnaise
8 oz. grape juice

Snack
6 oz. fruited yogurt, sweetened, whole milk

Dinner
5 oz. dark meat chicken, fried
1 medium baked potato with 1 tablespoon butter, 1 tablespoon sour cream, and 1 tablespoon bacon, chopped
1/2 cup cooked broccoli with 1 tablespoon butter
8 oz. cola
4 oz. whole milk

Snack
1/2 cup chocolate ice cream

 

Resources:

An introduction to Nutrition(Attached)-  Read Sections: 5-6.6: p. 233-332

https://www.supertracker.usda.gov/

Recommended resources:

https://ods.od.nih.gov/Health_Information/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.aspx

http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRI-Tables/8_Macronutrient%20Summary.pdf?la=en

Vegetarian Diets – 9.324

http://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/060114p22.shtml