analyze and explain the pharmacological aspects of the drug as they relate to the following: neurotransmitters affected, receptors, route of administration, half-life, doses, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and other important facets of the drug.

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Rapid Review 1

Select a psychoactive drug that is of pharmacological interest to you, but not one you will review as part of your Critical Review. For this paper, you may choose drugs of abuse; however, the paper must focus on the pharmacology of the drug and not on the social or addictive aspects. If you focus on addiction and social impact, your paper will not receive credit.

In addition to the text, research a minimum of three peer-reviewed articles published within the last five years on your selected drug. Prepare a three-page summary of the drug using the PSY630 Rapid Review Example paper (Links to an external site.) as a guide.

In your Rapid Review, analyze and explain the pharmacological aspects of the drug as they relate to the following: neurotransmitters affected, receptors, route of administration, half-life, doses, side effects, drug interactions, contraindications, and other important facets of the drug. Explain these aspects of the drug in terms of the psychiatric disorders indicated for the drug and the issue(s) associated with that use. If there is no accepted therapeutic use for the drug, evaluate and describe the actions of the drug with regard to the abuse process.

The paper:

  • Must be three to five double-spaced pages in length, excluding title page and references page, and it must be formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. (Links to an external site.)
  • Must include a title page with the following:
    • Title of paper
    • Your name
    • Course name and number
    • Your instructor’s name
    • Date submitted
  • Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.
  • Must use at least three peer-reviewed sources in addition to the text.
  • Must document all sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.
  • Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Analyze how validity in psychometrics, as you explored in Unit 4, is different from a validity scale in a test of personality.

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In this unit, you are introduced to personality tests and issues with their development and use. One particular area of debate involves the inclusion of validity scales in tests of personality. While many concerns may exist, the use of such scales appears to be increasing and they continue to be utilized and interpreted.

In your post:

• Analyze how validity in psychometrics, as you explored in Unit 4, is different from a validity scale in a test of personality.

• Describe this difference in terms of their definitions.

o Provide at least two examples of validity scales.

• Integrate and cite the AERA standards from Chapter 10, “Psychological Testing and Assessment,” of your Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing text that directly address validity scales. Provide your interpretation of the standards and the use of validity scales.

o Discuss if the standards permit, reject, or provide guidance on integrating such scales in a report.

o State, in your own words, how one should, or should not, proceed with validity scales.

• Cite at least one advantage and one disadvantage regarding the use of validity scales. The test authors provide several pros and cons of using validity scales in personality assessment.

o Based on your readings, including preparation for this discussion, what is your position on this issue; that is, using and interpreting validity scales on a measure of personality?

When you post this discussion, change your subject line to Use, or Don’t Use.

In this discussion, you will refer to the following case study to answer the questions in Part 1 and Part 2 of this activity. Andy was referred to you, a psychologist.

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In this unit, you are introduced to the clinical psychology, counseling psychology, and neuropsychology branches of psychology. While these three specialty areas share overlap with goals for clients and the tools they employ in the process of assessment, they each have unique content knowledge and skill they acquired through training and provide differentiated roles and services. Subsequently, the referring concern and the needs of an individual will likely indicate which professional may be best suited to complete the assessment.

In Units 6 through 9, you have studied different applications of tests and measurements in a variety of settings and specialty areas. Regardless of the specialization, it is likely that at some time, a psychologist will have a client with one of the referral concerns including possible neurological problems. In this unit, you read about psychologists using a standard battery to gather information on an individual from a variety of tests and instruments as a means of screening for a neurological deficit. A minimum amount of testing for an adequate neuropsychological screening includes an intelligence test, a personality test, and a perceptual, motor, or memory test.

In this discussion, you will refer to the following case study to answer the questions in Part 1 and Part 2 of this activity. Andy was referred to you, a psychologist.

Case Study

Details:

· Name: Andrew “Andy” Davis.

· Age: 6 years, 0 months.

· Mother: Emily Davis, single parent.

· Sibling: Molly.

· Recent changes: Relocation to a smaller house, father abandoned family.

· Referral concerns (reported by mother): Frequent intense imaginative play, significantly reduced social interactions, talks to self in his room, destroys toys (for example, rips arms of dolls), falls frequently, and concerns that he fell down stairs (with no open head injury) at the new house (that is, Andy reported falling down and off staircase railing).

Part 1

Based on this referral information, what would be the three tests you would include in a standard battery for screening purposes that include neurological concerns?

You may use, as a guide, the same test list that was provided to you in Unit 2. You are allowed to choose tests outside of those on the list. This task will allow you to review tests covered in earlier units of this course, as well as some that are introduced in this unit. However, remember to address a minimum of three recommended areas of assessment for a screening of this type. Be sure to take into consideration age range appropriate for the tests and instruments you select. Then, provide an explanation for using each instrument and how it connects to your working hypothesis on Andy and his mother’s concerns.

Part 2

You complete your evaluation using the three (or more) tests in your standard battery and obtain signs signaling that a more thorough neuropsychological evaluation is recommended. Subsequently, Andy is referred to Dr. Woody Pride, a neuropsychologist. Dr. Pride decides to administer Andy the Brief Neuropsychological Cognitive Examination (BNCE) published by WPS since it can be administered in one sitting and reports that it minimizes reading skills to complete it.

Based on this information from Dr. Pride, and after conducting your own research on this test selection, determine if this is an appropriate test to obtain additional data on Andy regarding neuropsychological concerns. If it is appropriate, then state that and provide your rationale for supporting this as a test selection. If it is not appropriate, then state that and provide your rationale for rejecting this as a test selection. Finally, regardless if you find the BNCE appropriate or not for Andy and the referring concerns, identify a second neuropsychological test that would be highly recommended for its use with Andy (you may select one from the list provided you in Unit 2, or another neuropsychological test battery).

As a test user, identify any AERA standards regarding The Rights and Responsibilities of Test Users, which are implicated in this case study of Andy Davis.

 identify one idea advanced by that learner that strikes you as particularly useful, and describe how you might use it. What questions or suggestions can you offer each?

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 identify one idea advanced by that learner that strikes you as particularly useful, and describe how you might use it. What questions or suggestions can you offer each?

Christine post

 

Bloom’s Taxonomy is a model used as a mechanism to help establish and display cognitive complexity in writing substantial literature. (Granello, 2001).  Bloom’s technology is that each of the six levels in the hierarchy provides an essential skill for students who would like to write cognitively advanced works of literature. (Krathwohl, 2002).

One of the main strengths of Bloom’s Taxonomy is that it can be used as a growth instrument for writing while providing structure for organizing thoughts by providing structure for developing writing.  For example, when instructors read students’ papers, they can access which areas a student may need help with and develop curricula and provide feedback designed to help them progress to the next level.  (Krathwohl, 2002).  This is done by accessing which level of the hierarchy the student’s writing falls based on the definitions for each of the six domain categories in the cognitive domain while providing a visual of what is the next level that they need to master.

According to new research (Krathwohl, 2002)­­­­, Bloom’s Taxonomy is not an all-encompassing model of writing, which is a weakness because it may not identify areas that the student needs to develop regarding their writing skills.  The categories that Bloom uses are knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, and evaluation (Krathwohl, 2002)­­­­.  To get a full assessment of a student’s writing would require the use of an additional tool.  Having to use two or more models to improve writing can make things a little more complicated.  This may result in two different assessment that does not correlate with each other at all.

Even though Bloom’s Taxonomy is not an all-encompassing mode, it is a valuable tool that I can use to assist me in organizing my writing to ensure that it is clear by ensuring that I demonstrate the use of all six levels of the Taxonomy as defined by Bloom and to access my learning and writing abilities and define areas that I need to improve in.  By closely looking at the well-defined Taxonomy, I should be able to quickly identify shortcomings.  I can also use this model as I read research articles to assist me with my critical thinking and analysis by focusing in on the six categories that Bloom uses.

Richild post

Like any theoretical model, Bloom’s Taxonomy has its strengths and weaknesses. Its greatest strength is that it has taken the very important topic of thinking and placed a structure around it that is usable by practitioners. Those teachers who keep a list of question prompts relating to the various levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy undoubtedly do a better job of encouraging higher-order thinking in their learners than those who have no such tool. On the other hand, as anyone who has worked with a group of educators to classify a group of questions and learning activities according to the Taxonomy can attest, there is little consensus about what seemingly self-evident terms like “analysis,” or “evaluation” mean (Bloom,1956). In addition, so many worthwhile activities, such as authentic problems and projects, cannot be mapped to the Taxonomy, and trying to do that would diminish their potential as learning opportunities.

According to this taxonomy, each level of knowledge can correspond to each level of cognitive process, so a learner can remember factual or procedural knowledge, understand conceptual or meta cognitive knowledge, or analyze metacognitive or factual knowledge (Bloom,1956). According to Anderson and his colleagues, “Meaningful learning provides learners with the knowledge and cognitive processes they need for successful problem solving”(Bloom,1956). The following charts list examples of each skill of the Cognitive and Knowledge Dimensions.

Discussion 2

In each case, choose one of the themes identified by your peer, and compare it to the themes that you arrived at. Identify one example related to your specialization, and explain how these themes would apply.

Richild post

 

After reading the article I was able to learn about the three different theories. Mcclelland ‘s theory discussed  the achievement motivation theory. David believed that the higher level needs were the most important for work purposes. He goes on to talk about the three main socially developed motives. the first motive being achievement,  the second is power, and the third the affiliative motives (McCelelland, 1988). McClelland focused his research on testing an individuals motivation level. On the other hand, Maslow theory is the hierarchy of needs. He works with a pyramid structure which includes physiological needs, safety needs, needs for love, self -esteem needs, and self actualization. By hierarchy is meant that needs lower on the pyramid must generally be satisfied before needs at higher levels are “activated” (Neher, 1991). Maslow believe that everyone is born with certain needs, which prepotent in that they occupy their attention until they are satisfied. When it comes to Herzberg, his theory proposed two factors that influence motivation at work, Hygiene motive and satisfiers or motivators.  The theory challenged the dominant theoretical assumptions prevailing at the time that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction could be presented on a continuum, at the midpoint of which, an individual would experience a neutral state being neither satisfied nor dissatisfied (Bassett-Jones, & Lloyd, 2005) .

Between the three theories there are some similarities. All authors talk about how to motivate people. They all discuss what people need and want in order to do better at work.  They also talk about how individuals need that recognition and a certain level of respect since everyone shares some form of ego. They can all be classified under explanatory tools.

RESPOND TO THE NEXT TWO STUDENT POST AND BE CONSTRUCTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL WITH RESPONSES.

Chelsea post

 

A book that I read when I was a teenager has really stuck with me into my adulthood years, it’s a book written by Wally Lamb, She’s Come Undone. I remember reading the book and Dolores story leaving an impact on me, it changed the way that I looked at certain things, and realized there is a lot of things that are complicated to explain, and she had some hard times in her life but was able to find some happiness at the end. I think that this book shaped the way that I look at literature in society in that people like Dolores exist, they have similar struggles in their life, and this book could possibly help those people. The reason why is that literature is important in society, but it takes a special author and their writing to make someone feel something, after all most of these stories are made up, I think that Lamb’s book goes hand in hand with today’s society, and reading this book has the influence to change people’s perspective on what actually goes through someone’s mind who has gone through traumatic events like Dolores. How we become critical readers is to take apart what you’re reading and study it and try to understand where the author is coming from. I usually read something and come up with questions or talk to people who’ve read the same thing to try to understand it, and I this is who I become a more active and responsive reader.

Brittany post

 

Literature has a very large impact on our society, and has had one for however long you believe the earth has been around. Common modern day literature is supposed to be influential on we humans, because it is supposed to teach us a lesson. Books are written by individuals, but they are also influenced by that individual’s society. Therefore, it is important to consider a work’s cultural context. Culture can refer to the beliefs, customs, values, and activities of a particular group of people at a particular time. Modern day morals aren’t found in modern day literature. It has shaped civilizations changed political systems and exposed injustice. Literature gives us a detailed preview of human experiences, allowing us to connect on basic levels of desire and emotion. Literature shows the ideas and culture of a people. The way we think about something comes across in our writing. A society’s history is reflected in literature based upon the fact that their actions, many times, are a result of what is happening around them in the society which they live in. There is the seven cognitive strategies of effective readers: activating, inferring, monitoring-clarifying, questioning, searching-selecting, summarizing, and visualizing-organizing.