What social psychological constructs did the study reveal?

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Please Answer the Following Questions 300 words or more NO COPY and Past

One of the most famous psychological experiments of all time, was conducted by Dr. Philip Zimbardo and his colleagues at Stanford University. To read more of the details of this experiment, visit http://www.prisonexp.org. Take some time to watch the video on the Zimbardo Prison Experiment by clicking here. After reading about the experiment, exploring the website and watching the video, answer the following:
1. Was it ethical to do the prison study in the way that Zimbardo conducted it?  Why or why not?  Explain your position substantively.

2. What social psychological constructs did the study reveal? Would the same information have been learned if the study had been conducted differently? If yes, how might you adapt the study to address ethical concerns and still obtain results relevant to our understanding of behavior in social settings?
3. How do the social psychology concepts of conformity and the power of the social situation that we are studying this week relate to what happened during the brief period of time that the prison study ran.  Where in the description of how the study unfolded did we see evidence of these concepts?

How was your professional life affected by the stressor?

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Throughout this unit, you have learned that certain links exist between emotions, motivation, and stress. In fact, if one does not handle his or her stress effectively, numerous health issues could arise. For this assignment, you are to compose a reflection paper in which you examine a current or past stressful event in your life. You must embrace Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS) and describe your reactions to the stressful event during each stage. You should describe the various facial expressions that you displayed as you progressed through each stage as well. Be sure also to address the following questions: What coping strategies did you embrace to help solve the problem?

How was your professional life affected by the stressor? How does Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relate to your stressor? What motivated you to solve the problem? Did you experience additional conflicts with other individuals as you endured this life trial? Tips for writing your reflection paper: Introduction: This is meant to give a concise overview of the featured stressful event and is usually one paragraph in length. In your introduction, you will reveal the featured stressful event that you will examine for this paper.

Summary: This contains your description of the required areas listed above in the opening statement, including Selye’s GAS, your facial expressions, coping strategies, professional impact, and relationship conflicts. Analysis: In this portion of the paper, you should provide information from the textbook to analyze the impact that the stressful event could have placed upon your health, future goals, and motivation. You may use sources identified from the CSU Online Library to assist your analysis efforts, but this is not required. Conclusion:

This summarizes your final reflections for the featured topic. For instance, what implications have you uncovered during your research that you will apply to future stressful events? Your paper must be at least one page in length, not counting the title and reference pages, but it can be longer if necessary to address all aspects of the assignment.

It should be formatted in APA style. You are required to utilize the textbook, but other sources may be used if needed. You may visit the CSU Online Library to identify a source that provides specific information on how this stressful issue could impact your health, future goals, and motivation. Any information from a source should be cited and referenced in APA style.

Why can’t we celebrate each other for just being their self?

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The reading this week from Lecci & Magnavita stresses the importance of and perspectives of several theories.  The one I chose that appeals to me was the trait theory. Utilizing the journal article written by Scott Clifford will support the reason why this particular trait resonates with me.  In this discussion, I’ll share the why the Trait theory has validity.  Additionally, the real world example will be shared to support the selected theory.

Allport’s, (1968), “Traits are specific features of personality such as persistence, integrity, and honesty, which accounts for variation in personality” (Lecci & Magnavita, 2013, sec. 1.3).  I believe that having integrity is the cornerstone of the personality and true character of an individual.  It’s about being true to self and others.  Life proceeds smoother, with less complication and you are accepted by your peers and an appreciation of self is developed as well.  Every person goes through and handles situations differently.  For example, I value people, because we are all created with our uniqueness and should be accepted as being ourselves.  People are often trying to make themselves, look larger or more important than another.  All that is unnecessary I always remember today for you, tomorrow is for me.  When it’s my time, it’s my time. When it’s yours, I’ll celebrate with you.  It is important that personality is viewed as a theoretical construct, which is invoked to help us understand each of our differences.(Lecci & Magnavita, 2013, sec. 1.2)

The real – world example to support one of the trait theories will be the kindness expressed to others.  Kindness can be infectious.  I have so many stories, but I’ll share the most recent.  Last week we had a trip to Wal-Mart with the students, the parents normally send money to purchase things when the students go on trips.  However, I hadn’t enough cash to cover my things and the students because she was short, I put back an item since I didn’t want to have her a behavior in the store.  The person behind me asked how much it was and paid for it.  I said not you don’t have to do that. He responded and said neither do you, but you’ve shown such kindness and respect towards this young lady I had to do something as well.   Why can’t we celebrate each other for just being their self?  When one hurts, we ought to be empathic and sympathize with the person, not be mean-spirited and rejoice when they are down.

Additionally, psychometric is an essential part of the study of personality, according to Lecci & Magnavita, (2013). Based on the material or information that is being assessed and scored will either yield validity, when all criterion has been fulfilled.  According to the article, Judge & Zapata, (2015), “low validity of personality traits and the lack of situational theoretical

frameworks are developing and testing an interactionist framework of personality–performance

Relationships, in which the model focuses on both general (representing situation strength) and specific (representing trait activation) moderating situational influences” (p.1149).  The situation strength reflects the degree to which constraints of those situations are present in the environment and are said to be strong when the rules, structures, and cues provide clear guidance as to the expected behavior. (Judge & Zapata, 2015, p. 1150) Whereas, weak situations occurs when the environment of social roles are unstructured. (Judge & Zapata, 2015, p. 1150)

Reference

Lecci, L.B. & Magnavita, J.J. (2013). Personality Theories: A Scientific Approach. San Diego:

Bridgepoint Education, Inc. ISBN: 9781621781110

Judge, T.A., & Zapata, C. P, (2015). The Person-Situation Debate Revisited: Effect of Situation

Strength and Trait Activation on the Validity of the Big Five Personality Traits in predicting Job Performance.  Academy of Management Journal, 58(4), 1149-1179. Doi:

10.5465/amj.2010.0837

———————————————————————————————–(Classmate #-2)  K. P.

 

The study of personality is a complex and fascinating aspect of psychology. The book states “personality can be defined as patterns of behavior, emotional experience, cognition that is typical in an individual, evidencing in some degree of stability across situations.” (Lecci & Magnavita, p. 51, 2013). One perspective regarding personality is the behavioral perspective, which focuses on how learning impacts personality (Lecci & Magnavita, 2013). Everyone reacts to certain stimuli differently. This theory focuses on questions such as “Was a negative behavior reinforced?” “Can aversive behavior be reconditioned to become more socially acceptable?” (Lecci & Magnavita, 2013).

I have personal experience with conditioning or reinforcing behaviors from my time working as a Behavior Interventionist with special needs children. While working in these fields I can across numerous negative behaviors that I had to work to try and remove by conditioning positive behavior. Often it was actually the parents who needed some behavior intervention. The parents would reinforce negative behaviors, which would condition the children that the negative behaviors were okay. One study analyzed the impact of a parent’s behavior on children behaviors and discovered that parents can condition their children in a positive or negative way (Milner, Wagner & Crouch, 2017). To answer the question listed above, yes behavior can be reconditioned to become more socially acceptable. It can be very challenging to recondition or avoid reinforcing negative behaviors but it is crucial in order to see healthy development of personality. In my previous job, I would spend weeks and even months working with some families to try and condition new healthy behavior.

Lecci, L.B. & Magnavita, J.J. (2013). Personality Theories: A Scientific Approach. San Diego: Bridgepoint

Education, Inc.

Milner, J., Wagner, M., Crouch, J. Reducing Child-Related Negative Attitudes,

Attributions of Hostile Intent, Anger, Harsh Parenting Behaviors, and

Punishment Through Evaluative Conditioning. Cognitive Therapy & Research.

Feb2017, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p43-61.

Review the example of a Discussion post and response found in this week’s Learning Resources as well as the Discussion Rubric to understand the Discussion’s expectations.

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Developmental psychology attempts to understand cognitive, physical, and social-emotional development throughout the lifespan. In order to understand, for example, how maternal stress during pregnancy might impact the child later in life, pregnant women and children could be studied. Vulnerable populations, such as pregnant women, newborns, children, cognitively impaired individuals, incarcerated individuals, or older adults, require additional consideration and protection when planning to conduct research with them.

When conducting research in the field of human development, particularly with vulnerable populations, it is important to keep in mind that a unique set of ethical considerations should be taken into account. These populations need extra care to ensure their rights because some individuals may lack the mental capacity to give informed consent, may have decreased free will, or may be vulnerable in terms of their physical or mental welfare. As you approach this Discussion, keep in mind how ethical considerations might have affected the type of research that could be conducted.

For this Discussion, you will examine the role of ethics in developmental psychology research as it relates to vulnerable populations.

To prepare for this Discussion:

  • Review the example of a Discussion post and response found in this week’s Learning Resources as well as the Discussion Rubric to understand the Discussion’s expectations.
  • Review the Learning Resources related to ethics and research in the field of developmental psychology
  • Choose a population from the following:
    • Children
    • Women who are pregnant
    • Geriatric individuals
    • Individuals with cognitive disabilities
    • Adolescents
By Day 4

Based on the population you selected, post an explanation of the role of ethics in developmental psychology research with attention to the characteristics of this vulnerable population. Be specific in your post and use the Learning Resources to support your post. Use proper APA format and citations to support your explanation.

By Day 6

Respond to a post from at least one of your colleagues who selected a population different from that of your Discussion post and add one additional ethical consideration.

Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting and respond to any questions. Note what you have learned and/or any insights that you have gained as a result of your colleagues’ comments.

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