DEFINE PROJECT LIFECYCLE AND DISCUSS WHY THE LIFECYCLE VIEW OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IS EMPHASIZED IN IT PROJECTS.

use at least your textbook as source material for your response Paper instructions: Your response should be at least 75 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Please put each answer under the question. 1.The Project Management Institute describes five process groups beginning with initiating and planning and ending with closing processes. Discuss why these are referred to as process groups rather than project phases. 2.Define project lifecycle and discuss why the lifecycle view of project management is emphasized in IT projects. 3.    Can a project have more than one critical path? Describe your view and provide at least one example. 4.    Identify at least three requirements for becoming a certified Project Management Professional (PMP). Briefly discuss some of the benefits of certification. 5.    Every year in Japan, the Deming Prize is awarded for quality management. Who was Deming and why was his work significant with respect to quality management systems? 6.    What are the three main categories of outputs for quality control in a project management setting? Which in your view is most important? 7.    Describe at least three processes included in project quality management. Provide an example of how you would use it. 8.  Assume that you were leading a Web site development project. What quality standards would you apply to such a project? Identify and briefly describe at least three.

DISTINGUISH BETWEEN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL FLOWS OF INFORMATION.

The Information System: An Accountant’s Perspective Key Terms accounting information systems (AIS) (2) agents (31) assurance services (36) attest function (36) auditing (36) auditor (36) backbone systems (15) centralized data processing (21) conceptual system (35) currency of information (27) data (11) data collection (12) data processing (12) data sources (12) data storage (27) data updating (27) database (12) database management (14) database management system (DBMS) (29) database model (29) database tables (30) distributed data processing (DDP)  (23) end users (10) enterprise resource planning (ERP) (34) events (31) feedback (14) financial transaction (7) flat-file model (27) general ledger/financial reporting system (GL/FRS) (8) general model for viewing AIS applications (10) independence (21) information (11) information flows (3) information generation (14) information system (6) internal auditing (36) IT auditing (36) legacy systems (27) management information system (MIS) (8) management reporting system (MRS) (8) nonfinancial transactions (8) physical system (35) REA (31) relational database model (30) reliability (20) resources (31) segments (16) stakeholders (4) subsystem (5) system (4) system development life cycle (15) task-data dependency (29) trading partners (4) traditional systems (30) transaction (6) transaction processing system (TPS) (8) turnkey systems (15) vendor-supported systems (15) Review Questions 1. What are the four levels of activity in the pyramid representing the business organization? Distinguish between horizontal and vertical flows of information. 2. Distinguish between natural and artificial systems. 3. What are the elements of a system? 4. What is system decomposition and subsystem interdependency? How are they related? 5. What is the relationship among data, information, and an information system? 6. Distinguish between AIS and MIS. 7. What are the three cycles of transaction processing systems? 8. What is discretionary reporting? 9. What are the characteristics of good or useful information? 10. What rules govern data collection? 11. What are the levels of data hierarchy? 12. What are the three fundamental tasks of database management? 13. What is feedback and how is it useful in an information system? 14. What are the fundamental objectives of all information systems? 15. What does stewardship mean and what is its role in an information system? Part I

How did Old World societies view themselves and their relationships with other nations, nature, or the world?  Why did the European Atlantic states (Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands, among others) seek to trade, voyage, and discover?

The New World Paper instructions: Support all answers with citations and references. Citations and bibliographic references should be in the University of Chicago/Turabian style. For works in history, foot-notes or end-notes are required. (Avoid social science parenthetical citations).  When in doubt, cite your sources of information.  Work to write clear and flowing essays with smooth transitions from point to point.  The instructor encourages the use of outside sources but does not require it. Please answer or discuss ONE or more of the following: 1. Imagine a prominent historian of the early modern period saying “we should consider 1492 as a revolutionary new starting point in history.” Why revolutionary? Explain why this might be true, giving details, facts, and events for support. 2. How did New World societies view themselves and their relationships with other tribes, nature, or the world? How did they view the Europeans who arrived after 1492? Discuss. 3. How did Old World societies view themselves and their relationships with other nations, nature, or the world?  Why did the European Atlantic states (Portugal, Spain, England, France, and the Netherlands, among others) seek to trade, voyage, and discover? How did they view the natives of the New World? Explain. 4. Alfred Crosby called the meeting of the Old and the New Worlds “the Columbian Exchange.” What happened when the two worlds encountered each other?  What types of exchanges occurred? Give examples. 5. How would one compare and contrast the different European colonial experiments in the New World?  Demographically?  Politically?  Social organization?  Relations with the metropolitan center (home country)?  Economically?  (Examine the Spanish, French, and British efforts, or others). 6.  Compare and contrast the experience of the various British New World colonies?  Compare the colonial experiments in the north, south, and middle Atlantic colonies in North America?  How did these compare with the British Caribbean settlements?  (You may use some of the same factors noted in the first question). 7.  Did geography and climate contribute to the different development paths of these colonies?  Explain. 8.  Did religion play a role in the settlement of both the European colonies generally, and the British colonies specifically?  Explain, giving examples. 9.  After answering one of the questions above, do you have any questions or issues to discuss with the class? Please post for your colleagues to consider and answer.