Change the column names of your data frame so that zcta becomes zipCode and meanhouseholdincome becomes income. 

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 ITS836 Assignment 6: Data Analysis in R – 100 points 1) Read the income dataset, “zipIncomeAssignment.csv”, into R.

2) Change the column names of your data frame so that zcta becomes zipCode and meanhouseholdincome becomes income.

3) Analyze the summary of your data. What are the mean and median average incomes?

4) Plot a scatter plot of the data. Although this graph is not too informative, do you see any outlier values? If so, what are they?

5) In order to omit outliers, create a subset of the data so that:  $7,000 < income < $200,000 (or in R syntax, income > 7000 & income < 200000)

6) What’s your new mean?

7) Create a simple box plot of your data. Be sure to add a title and label the axes. HINT: Take a look at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/r/r_boxplots.htm (specifically, Creating the Boxplot.) Instead of “mpg ~ cyl”, you want to use “income ~ zipCode”. In the box plot you created, notice that all of the income data is pushed towards the bottom of the graph because most average incomes tend to be low. Create a new box plot where the y-axis uses a log scale. Be sure to add a title and label the axes. For the next 2 questions, use the ggplot library in R, which enables you to create graphs with several different types of plots layered over each other. 8) Make a ggplot that consists of just a scatter plot using the function geom_point() with position = “jitter” so that the data points are grouped by zip code. Be sure to use ggplot’s function for taking the log10 of the y-axis data. (Hint: for geom_point, have alpha=0.2).

9) Create a new ggplot by adding a box plot layer to your previous graph. To do this, add the ggplot function geom_boxplot(). Also, add color to the scatter plot so that data points between different zip codes are different colors. Be sure to label the axes and add a title to the graph. (Hint: for geom_boxplot, have alpha=0.1 and outlier.size=0).

10) What can you conclude from this data analysis/visualization? Note: You are required to copy and paste all your R programming commands to your document and you should take the screenshot of your graphs. Your Word document should contain the report of the analysis of your data. Your Word document should have a distinct cover-page and reference-page as usual. Useful commands: install.packages(“ggplot2”) library(ggplot2)

Additional links: https://www.statmethods.net/graphs/boxplot.html https://www.r-bloggers.com/how-to-make-a-histogram-with-ggplot2/ http://t-redactyl.io/blog/2016/02/creating-plots-in-r-using-ggplot2-part-7-histograms.html Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPMn-lsBMkQ

Describe a minimum of three evidence-based practices utilized in correctional program support services that have shown to reduce the effects of stress, foster happiness, and reduce recidivism in offenders working towards reentry. 

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When working with offenders through the process of reentry, it is important to utilize methods and interventions that have been shown to be effective and that help to reduce recidivism. Social psychology has many applications in the rehabilitation of offenders. This assignment asks you to combine these elements to determine how the principles of social psychology apply to evidence-based practices when working with this population of individuals.

Imagine you have been selected to write an article for a peer-reviewed journal on correctional program support services and recidivism.

Write a 1,400- to 1,750-word journal article on evidenced-based practices in offender rehabilitation that reduce recidivism. Include the following:

  • Describe a minimum of three evidence-based practices utilized in correctional program support services that have shown to reduce the effects of stress, foster happiness, and reduce recidivism in offenders working towards reentry.
  • Explain the elements of social psychology discussed throughout the course that must be taken into consideration when structuring and administering services to aid offenders in reentering into society.
  • Describe how methods of stress management can help to reduce recidivism.

How are the organization’s employees likely to respond to the proposed changes? Why might employees resist change?

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I want you to identify a specific public service organization that has recently undergone a major change or reform; or a specific public service organization that might change as a result of pending legislative action. Another option would be to discuss a change to a nonprofit organization. Below are some examples of organizations that have undergone reforms and changes that we have mentioned or discussed in class:

  1. The Department of Veteran’s Affairs
  2. Washington D.C. Public Schools
  3. Reforms at Arizona Child Protective Service (CPS)

I encourage you to pick something aligned with your own personal interests, however, if you are having a hard time identifying one that interests you, I suggest you chose one from the list above.  Ultimately, you will not be graded on which public service organization you examine; it will be graded on your ability to apply the course material to that particular case.

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  • Write a 2,500 word discussion paper applying key concepts from the course to your case.
  • You are required to use a minimum of 10 sources (including course materials).
  • Format your paper in accordance with APA style guidelines.
  • The paper is to be written in Times New Roman 12pt font, double-spaced, with 1-inch margins.
  • Writing should be clear, well-organized, and contain minimal grammatical errors.

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Organize your paper with the following sections and be sure to answer all questions in each section:

1) Background

  • What is the organization?
  • What does this organization do?
  • What is the reform or proposed change (please be specific)?
  • What were the drivers of the change?
  • Were they internal or external?
  • What level (individual, group, or organizational) is the change occurring?

2) Leadership: Who is the current leader of this organization?

  • Did the events driving the change occur when he/she was in charge?
  • Based on your research, do they appear to be transformational or transactional? Why or why not?

3) Barriers to Change

  • What are the environmental barriers to change?
  • Are resources available to support the change?
  • Is there consensus on what the goal of the change should be?
  • How are the organization’s employees likely to respond to the proposed changes? Why might employees resist change?

4) Strategies for Successful Change

  • Based on the readings for this class, what advice would you give to this organization to successfully implement the proposed changes or reforms?
  • Specifically, how might a leader overcome the barriers to change that you have identified?

Design a safety control structure diagram for your work system, and embed it within your system safety program plan as the content for your ninth level one heading

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Instructions

Step 1: Select only ONE of the following two options:

Option 1: Design a system safety program plan for one of your own organization’s work systems, or for an organization with which you are familiar.

Option 2: Design a system safety program plan for a bulk tank railcar off-loading facility for hydrocarbon products that has the following features:

  1. one railcar switch located next to an interstate highway,
  2. capacity to off-load liquid hydrocarbon products,
  3. two 500,000 gallon bulk liquid storage tanks for liquid hydrocarbon products,
  4. two diaphragm pumps with piping between the off-loading station and the bulk liquid storage tanks,
  5. one off-loading station (single-sided) that is elevated 12 feet from the ground, and
  6. one switch engine for staging railcars at the off-loading station and at railcar storage tracks.

Step 2: Then, using the CSU APA style example paper as a formatting guide (including title page, abstract, body, and reference page) linked here, include the following:

Design a minimum of a seven page system safety program plan with a minimum of five scholarly sources (books and articles, and at least one from the CSU Online Library) using the following level one headings:

  1. Defined Objectives
  2. System Description
  3. Hazard Identification
  4. Hazard Analysis
  5. Risk Evaluation
  6. Hazard Controls
  7. Verification of Controls
  8. Risk Acceptance
  9. Safety Control Structure Diagram (see these instructions in the paragraph below)
  10. Planned Periodic System Review

Design a safety control structure diagram for your work system, and embed it within your system safety program plan as the content for your ninth level one heading. Use Figure 6.2 on page 193 in your textbook of an ammonia fill station as an example. Notice that the designed controls within this example structure are the level indicators, control valves, and relief valves.