Write about how each behavior positively or negatively impacts the relationship or how it can potentially change a relationship.

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In our current topic for this course, Love & Communication, many concepts were explained that deal with relationships, love, intimacy, and, yes, divorce/separation as well. In his monumental research on long term couples (married/cohabiting/committed), Professor John Gottman uncovered communication patterns in thousands of couples and, from this data on communication patterns within couples, he was able to accurately predict which couples would have successful relationships (stay together & be happy) versus which couples would have unsuccessfulrelationships (split up; or stay together but be miserable).

He called the successful couples “Masters” — he used this term because these couples ‘mastered’ the best communication practices with their partners. It’s not that they didn’t fight; in fact, many of the “Masters” fought, for sure. It’s that when they fought, they fought or argued in ways that were NOT destructive or hurtful to the relationship. They’d figured out — or mastered — how to fight fair and still love each other, maintaining respect and care for one another.

The other couples in his study — the unsuccessful ones — fought as well, but they destroyed each other in the process and, eventually, destroyed their relationships as well. These couples were unsuccessful because they tore each other down or alienated each other so much that there was nothing left to the relationship and, unfortunately, they usually ended in divorce/separation within 5-7 years of marriage/commitment. He called these couples “Disasters” because the couples fought in ways that left them filled with resentment, anger, emotional distance, or alienation from their partners — definitely NOT a recipe for success in an intimate relationship!

Gottman’s method for assessing couples’ communication styles with each other was so reliable that he was able to predict when NEW couples would end up divorcing simply based on their communication patterns during conflict! It was powerful research then and still is today.

For this discussion, look over the materials posted under “Lecture Materials” –> Module 5 –> Love, Intimacy, & Communication. In those slides, you will see several slides related to Gottman’s research. Read and reflect about the information that explains what the “Masters” and “Disasters” actually DO when communication during conflict in their relationships. In your textbook, look at pages 248 (Box: “Communication Patterns & Partner Satisfaction”) and page 251 (Box: “Lessons from the Love Lab”).

If you’ve been in an intimate relationship in the past or if you currently are in one, these communication behaviors and ways of dealing with conflict probably resonate with you. If you haven’t been in a relationship, you can still apply it to how you might imagine a future relationship.

For this assignment:

1) PICK THREE of the communication patterns (from page 251 in your book). You can pick any combination — from the Masters or the Disaster, or both — but pick patterns that you believe are most important/hurtful/helpful/difficult to perform during the course of a relationship. This is a very nuanced and opinion-based answer that you will provide, so think about it carefully. You can feel free to write about which of the “bad” behaviors you’ve done in a past/present relationship or “good” behaviors. Name and briefly describe each of your chosen three behaviors.

2) Write about how each behavior positively or negatively impacts the relationship or how it can potentially change a relationship. Again, this is your opinion, but the point here is that I want you to reflect about these behaviors and how to integrate the “best practices” or Masters into your own life.

Prepare a comprehensive paper that includes all sections described above in “Content Format,” plus a title page and a reference list. Appendices are optional.

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  • Paper must include the following four sections, plus a title page and a reference list:
  • Introduction (2–3 paragraphs). Provide a general description of your selected case, identification of the student(s), a legend for the speakers (such as, S – student, M – mother, T – teacher), and any other presenting information that sets a context for the session. Be sure to describe the student and conceptualize the presenting problem in language that indicates your understanding of the student and presenting issue—you should base your conceptualization on theory.
    • Transcription and Analysis (5–7 pages). Use the template located in Resources to present your transcription and reflection.
    • Transcription column: Use a different row for each speaker’s words.
    • Practicum Competencies column (“What I did”): Identify practicum competencies. Competencies can include application of core counseling skills, assessment questions, and interventions, depending on what is demonstrated in your segment of the session. Examples:
      • Reflection of feeling, minimal simple encourager, simple empathic statement (core counseling skills).
      • Assess level of alcohol use (assessment question).
      • Identifying, acknowledging, reviewing symptoms (link to intervention).
    • Analysis of Practicum Thinking column (“What I was thinking”): Analyze your reasoning for the exchange; provide a conceptualization based on a hypothesis that prompted either the student response or your response as the counselor. Example: I see Audrey’s difficulty with social situations in part as being due to her lack of age-appropriate communication skills, which perpetuates her low self-esteem.
    • Evaluation of Counselor Response (“What I would do differently now”): Evaluate the effectiveness of the competency applied and what, if anything, you would do differently. Example: I think pointing out Audrey’s lack of social skills is important, but I think Audrey misunderstood my comment. I think more empathic understanding is what Audrey needs right now. I am basing this on how Audrey responded to my comment after I suggested her joining the Social Skills group.
  • Theoretical Framework (1 page). In completing the Transcription and Analysis section of this paper, you noted segments of the counseling session where you utilized theory-based skills. Reflect on your theoretical framework at this point and discuss how you did or did not demonstrate that in the session. Be sure to provide references; it is important to justify and provide a frame of reference for the points you make.
  • Self-Reflection Summary (1–2 pages). Write a conclusion summarizing what you learned about your strengths, and discuss areas for growth. Consider the following:
  • What have you discovered about yourself as a school counselor as a result of completing this transcription?
  • What are some areas you now recognize as strengths and challenges?
  • What are the specific skills that you need to work on?
  • What model do you recognize as informing your work based on this transcription?

Requirements

  • Content: Prepare a comprehensive paper that includes all sections described above in “Content Format,” plus a title page and a reference list. Appendices are optional.
  • Number of pages: The body of the paper must be 9–12 pages, double-spaced.
  • Written communication: Develop accurate written communication and thoughts that convey the overall goals of the assignment and do not detract from the overall message.
  • References: At least five references that justify and provide a frame of reference for the points you make. You must use proper APA style in listing your references. Refer to the APA Style and Format module in the resources for more information.
  • Formatting: Use Times New Roman, size 12 font, and APA (6th edition) formatting, including: correct in-text citations, proper punctuation, double-spacing throughout, proper headings and subheadings, no skipped lines before headings and subheadings, proper paragraph and block indentation, no bolding, and no bullets. Refer to the APA Style and Format module for more information.
  • Template: Please use the provided template to complete your transcription. SEE ATTACHED.

How your culture perceives substance use. Are there any traditional uses of substances that are deemed culturally acceptable?

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Create an 8- to 10-slide PPT presentation discussing your cultural background (in addition, you should include a title slide and reference slide in your presentation).  When discussing your culture, consider components of yourself such as race, ethnicity, religion, spiritual heritage, gender, sexual orientation, disabilities, socio-economic status, traditions, and family heritage.  You are not required to include any information you do not feel comfortable sharing.

 

Include the following in your presentation:

  1. Communication styles of your culture (verbal and nonverbal)
  2. Parts of your culture you are proud of
  3. Parts of your culture that you would like to improve
  4. Stereotypes toward your culture
  5. Stereotypes held within your culture
  6. How your culture perceives substance use. Are there any traditional uses of substances that are deemed culturally acceptable?
  7. How your culture perceives counseling
  8. How your cultural background will influence your ability to counsel someone from your culture and someone from another culture
  9. Speaker notes that indicate what would be said if giving the presentation live

APA format is required for any information not originated by the student. Include at least two scholarly references in your presentation.

 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

 

You are not required to submit this assignment to Turnitin.

Post an explanation of how your selected theory would explain the language development of the children in the case study and why.

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Theories of language development attempt to explain how humans, especially children, learn language. This course focuses on first language development (regardless of whether a child has one or multiple native languages) and not on second or foreign language development. The theories you explore may be categorized into three primary groups: behavioral, linguistic, and interactionist. The first approach, behaviorism, may be familiar from other areas of developmental psychology. Within the study of language, behaviorists view language as a learned skill like any other, albeit a very complicated one. Stimuli from the environment (parents and other language inputs) condition children to make connections between concepts and exhibit verbal behavior.

The second category of approaches is known as linguistic or nativist. These approaches propose that language could not possibly be a set of acquired behaviors. Instead, proponents of this school of thought suggest that humans have an innate language component in their brains, called a language acquisition device (LAD), that allows them to process the language around them, much like a computer. Development of this faculty must occur over a period of time but is evidenced by the fact that any infant has the capacity to develop any language.

The third group, interactionist, lies somewhere between the former two groups. Theories within the interactionist paradigm include Piaget’s theory of language and cognitive development, the information processing approach, and the social-interactionist approach. Each of these proposes differing views on the influence and interaction between innate cognitive processes and social environments in which children hear and use language.

For this Discussion, you examine a case study of hearing-impaired children who developed their own language system. To do this, you will apply one theory from the behaviorist, linguistic, or interactionist approaches as a lens through which to interpret the phenomena present in the case.

To prepare:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources and consider the different theories and their approaches to explaining language development.

· Read the article “A Linguistic Big Bang” and consider the language developed by the children in the case study.

· Select a theory from one of the following categories to apply to the case study: behaviorist, linguistic (e.g., Chomsky), or interactionist.

With these thoughts in mind:

By Day 4

Post an explanation of how your selected theory would explain the language development of the children in the case study and why.

Note: Be sure to identify the theory you selected in the subject line of your post.

Be sure to support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources. Use proper APA format and citations.

Resources for this week, make sure to use resources when answering question.

Gleason, J. B., & Ratner, N. B. (2017). The development of language (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

  • Chapter 7, “Theoretical Approaches to Language      Acquisition” (pp. 158–195)

Osborne, L. (1999). A linguistic big bang. New York Times Magazine, 84–89. 

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Weisleder, A., & Fernald, A. (2013). Talking to children matters: Early language experience strengthens processing and builds vocabulary. Psychological Science, 24(11), 2143–2152. doi:10.1177/0956797613488145

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Optional Resources

Serious Science. (2014, February 17). Language design – Noam Chomsky [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLk47AMBdTA