Describe homeland security as it is defined in the various U.S. national security strategies and policies.

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This assignment is a take-home essay assignment of two questions.  Students are expected to develop an essay of 4-5 pages total to fully respond to the questions.

Question 1: Describe homeland security as it is defined in the various U.S. national security strategies and policies.

In your readings you have been provided a variety of definitions for the term homeland security. Additionally, the national strategies and readings have talked to the difference between homeland security and homeland defense. Drawing upon your readings and other class materials craft two columns; one labeled Homeland Security and the other Homeland Defense. Under the headers of each column list those missions, tasks, duties, responsibilities, operations, etc. which are identified from the national policies, strategies and readings. Some tasks may be listed under both columns. Where this occurs, be sure to identify if there is any element of that item that is specific to either homeland security or homeland defense. Lastly, drawing upon the list you developed, provide a definition of homeland security.

Question 2:  Assess the critical infrastructure protection programs of the United States.
Critical infrastructure is defined in the National Infrastructure Protection Plan as “Systems and assets, whether physical or virtual, so vital that the incapacity or destruction of such may have a debilitating impact on the security, economy, public health or safety, environment, or any combination of these matters, across any Federal, State, regional, territorial, or local jurisdiction” (DHS 2009, 109). From this definition, one can reasonably presume that protection of these assets is vital to the well being of the United States and as such is an essential element of homeland security. Drawing upon the readings and outside research provide your assessment of the capability of the nation’s infrastructure protection program to ensure the survivability of its critical infrastructure.
Reference:

U.S. Department of Homeland Security. 2009. National Infrastructure Protection Plan. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/NIPP_Plan.pdf.  (accessed August 10, 2012).

Scoring Rubric:

A copy of the complete scoring rubric for this assignment is attached. The following is a synopsis of that rubric.

Area of Evaluation

the two models of human services delivery

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Models delivery
Human services do not offer a one-size-fits-all approach. Determining what type of help to provide depends on a client’s individual needs. In some cases, the client may need medical treatment rather than social or emotional intervention. In other cases, the reverse is true. And in many cases, a combination of both is needed.

The three primary models of human services delivery—medical, public health, and human services—delineate these treatments. A patient with bipolar disorder, for instance, might best be treated under the medical model by taking an antipsychotic drug. On the other hand, a single teenage mother who has no health problems but is struggling to afford shelter and food might be treated under the human services model with the help of a social worker who can help her find employment and day care services for her child. Furthermore, AIDS workers in Africa might utilize the public health model, combining both medical treatment and social intervention, giving medicine to victims of the disease and teaching prevention practices to help stop the spread of HIV. In some cases, a human services professional may need to apply more than one delivery model. The model, or combination of models, that a professional uses is based on the client’s specific situation.
To prepare for this assignment:
Review Chapter 4 in your course text, An Introduction to Human Services. Focus on the characteristics of the three models of human services delivery: medical, public health, and human services.
Review the article, “A Science of Connectedness.” Consider which model or models of human services delivery might be utilized in effectively organizing health care via the “holarchy” of health care that is discussed.
Select two models of human services delivery (medical, public health, or human services) discussed in the readings to use for this Application. This may be based on which models resonate most with you, or which models are most applicable to the domain in which you would like to work.
Think about the characteristics of each model that you selected and how both could be integrated in real-world situations.
The assignment: (2–3 pages)
Describe, in your own words, the two models of human services delivery you selected and why you chose each.

Then explain how the two models might be integrated in practice. Be specific and use examples to support your explanation.

REASONS FOR SIMILARITIES IN DECISION MAKING

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REASONS FOR SIMILARITIES IN DECISION MAKING

The Courts: A Quest for Justice during the Pretrial Process

[I]t is clear to me that if America ever is to eradicate racism, lawyers will have to lead. We must cleanse the justice system, because until the justice system is truly colorblind, we cannot have any genuine hope for the elimination of bias in the other segments of American life.

PHILIP S. ANDERSON, PRESIDENT, AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION1

Goals of the Chapter

In this chapter and in Chapter 6, we discuss the treatment of racial minorities in court. The focus in this chapter is on pretrial decision making. Our goal is to determine whether people of color are more likely than whites to be tried without adequate counsel to represent them or to be denied bail or detained in jail prior to trial. In addition, we review research on prosecutors’ charging and plea bargaining decisions for evidence of differential treatment of racial minorities and whites. We argue that recent reforms adopted voluntarily by the states or mandated by court decisions have reduced, but not eliminated, racial discrimination in the pretrial process.

After you have read this chapter:

  • You will be able to explain the concept of “double jeopardy” as it applies to racial minorities who appear in court as criminal defendants.
  • You will be able to discuss the right to counsel and explain how the U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted the right.
  • You will be able to evaluate arguments regarding the quality of legal representation provided to indigent defendants.
  • You will be able to assess whether affirmative action has helped or hurt African American law students.
  • You will be able to explain how decisions regarding bail and charging are affected by race/ethnicity and how these decisions, in turn, influence sentence severity.
  • You will be able to evaluate arguments regarding selective prosecution of African American pregnant women who abuse drugs.

African Americans in Court: The Case of the Scottsboro Boys

In March 1931, nine African American teenage boys were accused of raping two white girls on a slow-moving freight train traveling through Alabama. They were arrested and taken to Scottsboro, Alabama, where they were indicted for rape, a capital offense. One week later, the first case was called for trial. When the defendant appeared without counsel, the judge hearing the case simply appointed all members of the local bar to represent him and his co-defendants. An out-of-state lawyer also volunteered to assist in the defendants’ defense, but the judge appointed no counsel of record.

The nine defendants were tried and convicted, and eight were sentenced to death. They appealed their convictions, arguing that their right to counsel had been denied. In 1932 the United States Supreme Court issued its ruling in the case of Powell v. Alabama,2 one of the most famous Supreme Court cases in U.S. history. The Court reversed the defendants’ convictions and ruled that due process of law required the appointment of counsel for young, inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital cases.

The Supreme Court’s ruling in Powell provided the so-called Scottsboro Boys with only a short reprieve. They were quickly retried, reconvicted, and resentenced to death, despite the fact that one of the alleged victims had recanted and questions were raised about the credibility of the other victim’s testimony. Once again, the defendants appealed their convictions, this time contending that their right to a fair trial by an impartial jury had been denied. All of the defendants had been tried by all-white juries. They argued that the jury selection procedures used in Alabama were racially biased. Although African Americans who were registered to vote were eligible for jury service, they were excluded in practice because state officials refused to place their names on the lists from which jurors were chosen. In 1935, the Supreme Court, noting that the exclusion of all African Americans from jury service deprived African American defendants of their right to the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, again reversed the convictions.3

The Supreme Court’s decision was harshly criticized in the South. The Charleston News and Courier, for example, stated that racially mixed juries were “out of the question” and asserted that the Court’s decision “can and will be evaded.”4 Southern sentiment also strongly favored yet another round of trials. Thomas Knight, Jr., the attorney who prosecuted the Scottsboro cases the second time, noted that “Approximately ninety jurors have been found saying the defendants were guilty of the offense with which they are charged and for which the penalty is death.” Knight reported that he had been “retained by the State to prosecute the cases and [would] prosecute the same to their conclusion.”5

examine how advertising manipulates emotions, particularly fear

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Write a 3–4-page assessment in which you examine how advertising manipulates emotions, particularly fear.

Fear is not only a powerful emotion but also a powerful motivator. Advertisers know this and use fear appeal in advertising messages as a tactic to motivate their target audience into behaving in a certain way.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

  • Competency 2: Apply social psychological research and theory to examine social perception, social interaction, and social influence.
  • Describe the emotional tone of advertising.
  • Describe the behavior promoted in advertising.
  • Apply a theory or concept related to social psychology to explain the effectiveness of appealing to fear in advertising.
  • Competency 3: Analyze social psychological theory and research to explain personal, professional, and social issues.
  • Explain the social conditions that foster fear.
  • Explain how individual differences and perceptions perpetuate fearfulness.
  • Competency 7: Communicate in a manner that is scholarly, professional, and consistent with expectations for professionals in the field of psychology.
  • Write coherently to support a central idea with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics as expected of a psychology professional.

Use APA format and style

CONTEXT

Another aspect of human functioning—emotion—has proven to be even more challenging to study than cognition. There are so many theories on emotions, but none are all inclusive; therefore, emotions continue to be mysterious, and the study of emotions is considered a work in progress. Emotions appear to be out of conscious control, yet they provide feedback that aids in self-understanding and information about our perceptions of the social world.

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It is important to examine the purpose that emotions serve to us as individuals, and how they promote our cultural animal nature (Baumeister & Bushman, 2014). Equally important is looking at how emotions are both helpful and hurtful in decision making, and to what extent our emotions may be manipulated by others, such as in marketing that appeals to emotion. Emotional regulation is part of emotional intelligence. Without an ability to self-regulate emotion, a concept known as affect regulation, emotions can fuel depression, aggression, and other self-defeating behaviors.

Reference

Baumeister, R. F., & Bushman, B. J. (2014). Social psychology & human nature (3rd ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

 

QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER

 

  • To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.
  • When was the last time you were consciously affected by an ad you saw on TV? How did it affect you? Why did it affect you?
  • Why is fear such a powerful emotion?