Which best describes a major belief of Hinduism?

QUESTION 1

1. Which was not a broad trend from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?

 

		advanced political organization
		specialization of labor
		rise of matriarchal societies
		development of agriculture

 

2 points   

QUESTION 2

1. Which best describes a major belief of Hinduism?

		polytheism
		Stoicism
		egalitarianism
		animal sacrifice

2 points   

QUESTION 3

1. Which best describes the geographic spread of Islam?

		Muslim missionaries entered through Italy and proselytized in Europe.
		Muslim forces brought modern-day Syria and Egypt under their control.
		Islam swept through and stayed entirely on the Arabian Peninsula.
		Islam overran Jewish and Christian settlements in eastern Russia.

2 points   

QUESTION 4

1. Which was not a cause of the Great European Witch Hunt?

 

		religious divisions
		unexplained phenomena
		hatred of women
		racial prejudice

 

2 points   

QUESTION 5

1. Which best describes an economic feature of the Islamic states in East Africa?

		production of polished gemstones
		carpets and quilts fashioned for export
		exotic goods imported from China
		export of cotton textiles and indigo

2 points   

QUESTION 6

1. Which best describes the influence of the Mauryan Empire?

		It provided the region with iron weapons.
		It spread Hindu beliefs throughout India.
		It freed peasantry from oppressive rule.
		It created India’s first centralized empire.

2 points   

QUESTION 7

1. Which was a key feature of trade and urbanization during Roman times?

		well-built and secure roads and sea lanes
		shortages of food for the lower skilled workers
		lower population numbers of the middle class
		great merchants becoming the elites of Rome

2 points   

QUESTION 8

1. Which best describes the purpose for Chinese reconnaissance in the Indian Ocean?

		to retake traditional land routes such as the Silk Road
		to defeat the Ottoman Turks in their colonization of India
		to reestablish national prestige and predominance abroad
		to find an all-water route to gold-rich Africa and Arabia

2 points   

QUESTION 9

1. Which best describes the rise of the Inca Empire?

		People migrated and settled in the desolate highlands of the Andes.
		Trade with neighboring kingdoms encouraged a government takeover.
		Missionaries proselytized and converted neighboring city-states.
		A series of military campaigns led to the defeat of the Chimu kingdom.

2 points   

QUESTION 10

1. Which was not an effect of field rotation?

 

		higher productivity
		abundant harvests
		raised dietary protein
		renewed crop imports

 

2 points   

QUESTION 11

1. Which is a basic feature of a civilization?

		redistribution of land to the poor
		formal political organization
		reduction of religious rituals
		egalitarian society

2 points   

QUESTION 12

1. Which best describes a fundamental Daoist belief?

		ritual worship
		humble living
		nirvana
		monotheism

2 points   

QUESTION 13

1. Which was not a common religious belief of both Sunnis and Shiites?

 

		Submission to Allah means living by the Five Pillars of Islam.
		The teachings of Mohammed are contained in the Qur’an
		Based on Mosaic Law, abstinence from alcohol and pork is required.
		The Umayyad Caliphate has legitimate rule.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 14

1. Which best explains how Buddhist teachings affected gender roles?

		Gender segregation in worship was established.
		Women were considered subordinate to men.
		Equality for some women was restored in China.
		Women could benefit from spiritual blessings.

2 points   

QUESTION 15

1. Which describes how the Peninsulares culture was formed in the Americas?

		Peoples of pure European ancestry who were born in the Americas created a dominant class over the natives.
		Native Americans and African slaves freely mingled and produced children with a mixed ethnic heritage.
		Iberian-born Spanish families immigrated to the New World and intermarried to re-create a European-style society.
		Nearly all Spanish immigrants were male, so children came from unions with Native Americans.

2 points   

QUESTION 16

1. Which helped establish a common Islamic cultural foundation?

		The ulama resolved public disputes based on sharia.
		Mosques were built throughout dar al-Islam.
		Anti-Sufism unified peoples in the Islamic world.
		The pilgrimage to Medina attracted all believers.

2 points   

QUESTION 17

1. Which best describes a development of the early Christian Church?

		The lower classes of the Roman Empire were attracted to Christianity’s message of hope in a better life.
		The Roman branch of the early church encouraged the production of many texts about the faith.
		People began to believe that original sin on the part of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden tainted all believers with responsibility for that sin.
		Leadership in conducting church rituals was communal, without the authority of an ordained priest.

2 points   

QUESTION 18

1. Which best describes the role of women in Chinese society from c. 600 to c. 1450 C.E.?

		Women helped in reviving Confucianism.
		Women were to bear sons for their husbands.
		Women served as teachers and writers.
		Women led the backlash against Buddhism.

2 points   

QUESTION 19

1. Which was not a major event during the first two and a half centuries of the Roman Empire?

 

		Civil war ended with Julius Caesar’s triumph.
		A huge network of roads integrated the empire.
		Its territories were expanded to its greatest size.
		Caesar Augustus’s reign ushered in pax romana.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 20

1. Which was an accomplishment of Kublai Khan?

		He allowed Christian proselytizing in the western part of the empire.
		He replaced the Chinese calendar with the Persian calendar.
		He reestablished Confucian-style civil service examinations.
		He included Muslims in the highest bureaucratic offices of China.

2 points   

QUESTION 21

1. Which best describes the Enlightenment?

		late seventeenth-century intellectual movement in Europe which was initially associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics
		sixteenth-century religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church which resulted in the formation of several new Christian denominations
		eighteenth-century European philosophical movement that emphasized the preeminence of reason rather than faith
		a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a rebirth of Greco-Roman culture from the mid-fourteenth century to the early seventeenth-century in Europe

2 points   

QUESTION 22

1. Which was a trend in gender issues from 8000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.?

		The rise of agriculture led to greater gender equality.
		Organized religion supported female passivity.
		Increased trade lessened gender division of labor.
		The growing economy led to work opportunities for women.

2 points   

QUESTION 23

1. Which was not a method used by medieval European states to encourage growth?

 

		Merchants were guaranteed safe conduct while traveling to international markets.
		Permanent foreign consulates were created to represent state interests.
		Foreign imports were replaced with domestically-financed new industries.
		Military campaigns were organized to enlarge kingdoms and enhance trade.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 24

1. Which best describes a change that Mahayana ideas made to Buddhism?

		belief in a western-style concept of heaven
		encouragement of living moderate lives
		belief that people can perfect their souls over time
		adherence to eight moral elements of life

2 points   

QUESTION 25

1. Which was not a development in the Roman Empire that led to the Third-Century Crisis?

 

		frequent change of “barracks emperors”
		Germanic tribes raiding deep into the Roman Empire
		defense of the frontiers draining the treasury
		overspending on public works projects

 

2 points   

QUESTION 26

1. Which best explains the changing expectations of women in the early Islamic world?

		Women gradually lost the right to initiate divorce from their husbands.
		Women eventually had legally inherited dowry property taken away.
		Women progressively were induced to veil their faces outside the home.
		Women slowly saw the right to engage in business ventures disappear.

2 points   

QUESTION 27

1. Which was a political development of the Tang dynasty?

		Powerful individual kingdoms emerged.
		Feudalistic warlord regional rule appeared.
		A loose confederation of states was established.
		A centralized bureaucratic state was created.

2 points   

QUESTION 28

1. Which was not a popular interpretation about who Jesus of Nazareth was?

 

		a politically savvy man bent on using religion to gain power
		a scholar who was intent on reinforcing the importance of Jewish rituals
		an inspired individual who attempted to predict the future
		a philosopher who wanted to restore Judaism to its original state

 

2 points   

QUESTION 29

1. Which demographic change resulted from the transoceanic encounters of the early modern era?

		Iberian middle classes were reduced by twenty percent as a result of emigration to New World colonies.
		Eurasian populations were decimated by over fifty percent as a result of the spread of the bubonic plague.
		Native American societies slightly increased by ten percent from intermarriage with European conquerors.
		Native American societies were reduced by ninety percent as a result of European infectious disease.

2 points   

QUESTION 30

1. Which best describes a reason for the gradual union of the Greeks?

		to merge arable land
		to increase colonial territories
		to guard against enemies
		to enjoy shared religious practices

2 points   

QUESTION 31

1. Which was not an area impacted by the Mongol conquest?

 

		Arabia
		Afghanistan
		Mongolia
		Iraq

 

2 points   

QUESTION 32

1. During the Classical era, which development reduced the risks associated with travel and stimulated long-distance trade?

		States created large armies assigned to protect traveling merchants.
		Rulers invested heavily in the construction of roads and bridges.
		Merchants bypassed land travel in favor of shipping goods by sea.
		Treaties and agreements on trade were concluded between empires.

2 points   

QUESTION 33

1. Which was not a key feature of feudal Japan?

 

		Aristocratic clans controlled affairs from behind the royal throne.
		Centralized government was modeled on Chinese bureaucracy.
		Military talent and discipline was valued over court etiquette.
		Elaborate protocol and refined conduct prevailed at court.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 34

1. Which was a cultural similarity in both Egypt and Mesopotamia?

		few slaves
		female monarchs
		polytheistic belief
		landed noble class

2 points   

QUESTION 35

1. Which was not a key feature of the Gupta Empire?

 

		creation of the decimal system
		decline of the caste system
		religious toleration
		trade with Southeast Asia

 

2 points   

QUESTION 36

1. Which best describes the political contribution of Clovis?

		He broke relations with the Byzantine Empire to secure papal support.
		He maintained an elaborate bureaucracy to implement policies.
		He built an administrative apparatus to maintain his expansive realm.
		He unified Germanic tribes in Gaul under his central authority.

2 points   

QUESTION 37

1. Which was not a significant impact of the Indian Ocean sea lanes?

 

		The Romans established direct commercial relations with India.
		Indonesian goods traveled west to Arabia and East Africa.
		Indian products found markets in the Mediterranean Basin.
		Mali merchants traded their goods as far as Southeast Asia.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 38

1. Which was not a factor restricting the growth of major sub-Saharan states?

 

		differing social and belief systems with divergent rituals
		fluctuating climate that prevented increase in population growth
		two thousand distinct and separate languages and dialects
		elite culture established by imperialistic armies from northern areas

 

2 points   

QUESTION 39

1. Which describes economic conditions in the Spanish Caribbean during the Age of Exploration?

		Taino Indians were forced to work in the gold mines while the Spanish exported gold back to Europe.
		Spanish conquerors built forts and trading posts where merchants traded with local peoples for products sold in European markets.
		Native islanders produced new agricultural crops on plantations, which the Spanish exploited for their own profit.
		Jesuit priests educated and trained the native islanders as craftsmen of European products for lower wages.

2 points   

QUESTION 40

1. Which was not a core objective of Confucianism?

 

		to encourage ancestor veneration and filial piety
		to restore the strong customs of China’s glorious past
		to strengthen moral devotion to the high god, Di
		to promote strong family units to create a strong civilization

 

2 points   

QUESTION 41

1. Which was not a migration pattern of early humans?

 

		trekking out of Europe to southern climes
		founding communities in colder regions
		travelling out of Africa in search of food
		crossing land bridges to uninhabited regions

 

2 points   

QUESTION 42

1. Which is a precept of monotheism?

		A supreme god fights against evil in the world.
		Believers must live sparingly and modestly to honor God.
		Followers must obey proper dietary and moral principles.
		Meditation is necessary to achieve harmony with God.

2 points   

QUESTION 43

1. Which was a political development of the Song dynasty?

		A loose confederation of states appeared.
		Powerful local kingdoms emerged.
		A dominant centralized administration grew.
		Feudalistic warlord regional rule surfaced.

2 points   

QUESTION 44

1. Which was not a broad trend from 1450 to 1750 in economic development?

 

		Sources of wealth were n trade and commerce, not land.
		The middle class emerged as nonagricultural occupations rose.
		Mercantilist economic policies replaced capitalist economics.
		Proto-industrial modes of production began to appear.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 45

1. Which was an outcome of the Trojan War?

		Helen committed suicide upon the news of Paris’s death.
		Sparta was defeated when Troy won a decisive naval battle.
		King Priam of Troy was assassinated by Spartan soldiers.
		Sparta triumphed when Prince Hector defeated Achilles.

2 points   

QUESTION 46

1. Which best describes the significance of the hemispheric trading zone?

 

		Networks of communication and exchange were established throughout eastern Europe.
		Systematic overland caravan trade slowly ended as maritime trade dominated.
		Conventional commercial trade on the Silk Roads dwindled as African routes emerged.
		Elaborate trade networks transformed into straightforward routes in the Mediterranean.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 47

1. Which best describes a trend in Ming art?

		full development of the Chinese novel
		monochromatic ink brush paintings
		colorful frescoes on walls of palaces
		advanced textile production in silk

2 points   

QUESTION 48

1. Which was not a new technology in the late centuries B.C.E. that allowed domesticated animals to transport goods?

 

		yoke
		wheel
		stirrups
		saddle

 

2 points   

QUESTION 49

1. Which best describes the Jewish Diaspora?

		division of Israelites into twelve groups or family tribes in which they ruled their own states separately
		capture of the Jewish people by the Chaldeans and captivity in Babylonia for sixty-five years
		tight knit religious communities preserving their Jewish culture after Jews were driven out of Jerusalem by Rome
		uprising of Jewish slaves against the Egyptian pharaoh which led to their exodus out of Egypt into Canaan

2 points   

QUESTION 50

1. Which best describes the Hindu kingdoms of southern India?

		They eliminated religious toleration of Muslims.
		They united regional states based on trade.
		They built a tightly nationalized empire.
		They invaded each other constantly, resulting in chronic war.

2 points   

QUESTION 51

1. Which was not an agricultural innovation of the Neolithic revolution?

 

		slash-and-burn
		swidden farming
		fallow fields
		irrigation

 

2 points   

QUESTION 52

1. Which best describes the role of the papacy in the Middle Ages?

		strengthened the Christian church by aligning policies with secular kings
		claimed supreme ecclesiastical and political authority over Europe
		mobilized and defended Christian kings against pagan aggressors
		supported secular rulers by conducting church rituals in the vernacular

2 points   

QUESTION 53

1. Which was not a similarity between slavery and serfdom?

 

		Slaves and serfs were both compelled to work the master’s lands.
		Slaves and serfs both paid rent with a portion of their own harvest.
		Neither system allowed real freedom of movement.
		Administration of justice was always in the master’s hands.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 54

1. Which was the cause of the Peloponnesian War?

		Spartan failure to aid Athens in their naval war against Xerxes
		massacre of Spartan troops in the pass of Thermopylae by Persia
		heightened colonial competition between Athens and Sparta
		economic and political domination by Athens in the Delian League

2 points   

QUESTION 55

1. Which was not a basic feature of polytheistic religions prior to 600 C.E.?

 

		Many revere their ancestors or forbearers as well as believe in otherworldly beings.
		Female gods outweigh male gods because of the importance of fertility rituals.
		Multiple gods represent different elements of life and the afterlife or the natural world.
		Large groups of people celebrate varied gods and practice different elements of their faith.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 56

1. Which was a challenge that societies in sub-Saharan Africa faced between 3000 B.C.E. and 1000 B.C.E.?

		undersized and sparse arable land areas
		organization into independent city-states
		human susceptibility to insect-borne diseases
		large population growth of Bantu peoples

2 points   

QUESTION 57

1. Which was not a centralizing effort of the Franks?

 

		to remove the threat of invading Huns from the southeast
		to created an alliance with the Roman Catholic Church
		to wipe out any remaining Roman authority in Gaul
		to oust other Germanic tribes on the Frankish borders

 

2 points   

QUESTION 58

1. Which was a fundamental characteristic of the Phoenician civilization?

		a group of unified settlements along two rivers
		heavily urbanized areas with large populations
		high mountain societies based on agriculture
		advanced shipping and export economies

2 points   

QUESTION 59

1. Which is not a major principle of Judaism?

 

		monotheistic belief
		virtuous behavior
		anti-slave tenet
		charitable acts

 

2 points   

QUESTION 60

1. Which best describes African literature?

		hand-written novels detailing man’s creation
		lyrical poetry recorded on papyrus scrolls
		satirical fiction based on the lives of chieftains
		oral tradition told by professional storytellers

2 points   

QUESTION 61

1. Which was not an impact of the Agricultural Revolution on the environment?

 

		disappearance of large species of mammals
		decreased migration to unpopulated areas
		reduced supplies of game and wild grains
		deforestation and depletion of soil nutrients

 

2 points   

QUESTION 62

1. Which was a contribution of Hellenic culture to the world?

		advanced the belief in a single god with dominion over all people
		devised the world’s first written code of law favoring elites over commoners
		constructed an alphabet made up of both vowels and consonants
		developed sophisticated irrigation systems to increase crop output

2 points   

QUESTION 63

1. Which was not a key accomplishment of the Khmer Empire?

 

		expanded militarily into Burma and the Malay Peninsula
		implemented Chinese-style bureaucratic central government
		adopted Hinduism and Buddhism from neighboring India
		created architectural legacy in the Angkor Wat temple complex

 

2 points   

QUESTION 64

1. In Wealth of Nations, which economic concept does Adam Smith promote with the quote below?

 

“Consumption is the sole end and purpose of all production; and the interest of the producer ought to be attended to, only so far as it may be necessary for promoting that of the consumer.” (Source: The Wealth Of Nations, Book IV Chapter VIII, v. ii, p. 660, para. 49)

 

		regulated markets
		colonial exports
		government subsidies
		free competition

 

2 points   

QUESTION 65

1. Which was not an accomplishment of Justinian?

 

		He launched a systematic review of Roman law that served to inspire legal codes for centuries.
		He opened Mediterranean sea lanes to Byzantine commerce with Islamic North Africa.
		He embarked on an ambitious construction program that remade and beautified Constantinople.
		He initiated a military campaign to reconquer the western Roman Empire from Germanic tribes.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 66

1. Which was a cultural legacy of Rome?

		independent city-states throughout the empire empowered to enact their own laws
		Greek Stoicism with its universal moral standards based on reason and nature
		a thriving musical community composed primarily of Greek and Syrian artists
		acceptance of the precepts of Judaism with emphasis on devout worship of a single god

2 points   

QUESTION 67

1. Which was not a role of women in the High Middle Ages?

 

		to operate schools for girls
		to work as skilled artisans
		to manage household work
		to perform agricultural tasks

 

2 points   

QUESTION 68

1. Which describes the impact of slave trading?

		European landowners replaced serf labor with slave labor.
		Massive numbers of Africans left their homes as slaves.
		Slaves gradually outstripped exports of gold, silver, and ivory.
		The slave trade progressively led to population losses in southwest Asia.

2 points   

QUESTION 69

1. Which was not a cultural change in post-Han China?

 

		The poor adopted traditional music.
		Confucianism faded while Daoism flourished.
		Buddhism formed the base of political unity.
		Nomadic peoples were increasingly sinicized.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 70

1. Which view did Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle hold in common?

		Reliance on human senses provides accurate truth about the world.
		Only the properly trained human mind can arrive at true knowledge.
		Use of human reason and intellect leads to expanded knowledge.
		Guided questioning and deductive reasoning leads to truth.

2 points   

QUESTION 71

1. Which religious tradition did the Olmecs and Maya have in common?

		sacrifice of high-ranking war captives to the Maya gods
		worship of one supreme god with a nod to lesser gods
		elaborate rituals at pyramids and temples
		colossal human heads sculpted for religious purposes

2 points   

QUESTION 72

1. Which was the role of scholastic theology in the High Middle Ages?

		to synthesize the philosophies of Islam and Judaism with Christian belief
		to join Aristotelian ideas with Christian belief to show the rationality of Christianity
		to provide a primary education for the children of urban workers and peasants
		to prepare men and women for the holy orders of monasticism and the convent

2 points   

QUESTION 73

1. Which was not an impact of the Neolithic revolution on gender relations?

 

		Women lost social standing and freedoms in society.
		Bearing children became the primary occupation for women.
		Household self-sufficiency became the work of women.
		Women’s food-gathering activities were highly valued.

 

2 points   

QUESTION 74

1. Which was Austria’s motivation in the Partitions of Poland?

		to prevent Ottoman Turkish aggression
		to match French holdings in central Europe
		to check rival nations’ territorial ambitions
		to gain access to warm-water ports

2 points   

QUESTION 75

1. How were cultural traditions in Christianity transformed as the culture spread?

		As intellectual elites converted, they took over Christian leadership positions and transformed a popular religion of salvation into a powerful church.
		Christian worship of a father and a mother in heaven was eventually changed to the simple worship of Jesus Christ as the single supreme deity.
		Women were eventually allowed to serve as priests because of great powers attributed to Jesus’s mother, the Virgin Mary.
		Beliefs about Jesus as a mortal human being became centralized rather than the belief that he was a god and therefore divine.

2 points   

QUESTION 76

1. Which best describes Byzantine society?

		Aristocratic women had separate living areas and were excluded from festivities and parties.
		Aristocratic women had separate living areas and were excluded from festivities and parties.
		Lower class women were limited to household duties and childrearing as their primary duties.
		Women of all classes enjoyed the right to own property and control of their marriage dowries.

2 points   

QUESTION 77

1. Which was an example of popular religion in the High Middle Ages?

		acceptance of poverty as a sign one’s soul was to be saved
		belief that the Eucharist protected against sudden death
		fascination with Aristotelian predictions of the heavens
		worship of individual popes as seers and prophets of God

2 points   

QUESTION 78

1. Which best traces the arrival of Christianity in Africa?

		Christianity traveled to the island of Madagascar through Portuguese imperialism.
		Christianity was founded by merchants from southwest Asia on the eastern Swahili coast.
		Christianity reached the kingdom of Mali and West Africa through the travels of Ibn Battuta.
		Christianity established a foothold in modern-day Ethiopia from Mediterranean converts.

2 points   

QUESTION 79

1. Which best describes the political structure of the Roman Republic?

		equal representation of both plebeians and patricians in the legislative body, the Senate
		day-to-day government headed by two consuls elected from the Senate for one year terms
		plebeian-dominated assemblies that originate all legislation with veto power from the Senate
		an executive branch led by military generals with absolute authority over the legislature

2 points   

QUESTION 80

1. Which best describes a purpose for ancient Egyptian art?

		to document aspects of daily life for future generations
		to illustrate the dangers of life without the gods
		to portray the ideal family life of everyday citizens
		to depict the daily struggles of peasants and slaves