There are three alternatives for providing children with legal counsel. Which of the following is not of these alternatives?

Question 21.21. The Illinois Juvenile Court Act of 1899 ruled that: (Points : 1)

children should not be held accountable as adult transgressors

the objective of the juvenile justice system is to punish

the juvenile justice system should be similar to the adult system

youths are protected against unreasonable search and seizures

Question 22.22. The most damaging criticism has been that diversion programs are involving children in the juvenile justice system who previously would have been released without official notice. This is referred to as: (Points : 1)

diversion

discretion

net widening

Probation

none of the above statements are false

Question 23.23. There are three alternatives for providing children with legal counsel. Which of the following is not of these alternatives? (Points : 1)

an all-public defender program

an appointed private-counsel system

a combination of public defenders and appointed private attorneys

a juvenile’s legal guardian can defend him/her

Question 24.24. Programs involving outdoor expeditions that provide opportunities for juveniles to confront the difficulties of their lives while achieving positive personal satisfaction are generally referred to as: (Points : 1)

milieu therapy

wilderness probation

boot camps

house arrest

Question 25.25. The major functions of the juvenile justice system are to prevent juvenile crime and to ______juvenile offenders. (Points : 1)

punish

profit from

adopt

rehabilitate

Question 26.26. Nearly all juvenile institutions implement some form of _______ program. (Points : 1)

punishment

parenting

treatment

monitoring

Question 27.27. __________________ probation systems integrate community protection, the accountability of the juvenile offender, and individualized attention to the juvenile. (Points : 1)

Integrated

Balanced

Rehabilitative

Institutionalized

Question 28.28. The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 2002 was an effort aimed at improving ______ disparity in juvenile disposition. (Points : 1)

gender

ethnic

age

racial

Question 29.29. A policy known as __________________ mandates that a youth should not be put in a secure institution if a community based program is available. (Points : 1)

coddling tendency

funneling process

ratcheting effect

least restrictive alternative

Question 30.30. Why was probation introduced as a legal concept in Massachusetts near the mid-19th Century? (Points : 1)

To help young people avoid imprisonment and criminal punishment like that received by adults

To alleviate overcrowding in Massachusetts prisons

Prison as an institution had not yet been established/invented

To turn away from torture as a means of juvenile punishment