T cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. Include examples of clinically available and pipeline therapeutics and briefly their mechanisms of action. Choose one therapy to describe in more detail their mechanism.

QUESTION 4
Exploiting our understanding of the immune system for therapeutic gain.
Our understanding of the immune system has increased in leaps and bounds over the past few decades. This has allowed us to exploit this knowledge to treat immune-related disorders such as cancer and autoimmune disease. However, our understanding of the complexities of the immune system is still relatively limited, so it is crucial to tread carefully when manipulating the immune response.
Discuss:
a) The role of T cells in preventing cancer (how T cells recognise and kill cancer cells),
how regulatory T cells are detrimental in the control of tumour growth (including how Tregs function) and an example(s) of a mechanism used by cancer cells to evade the T cell response
b) T cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. Include examples of clinically available and pipeline therapeutics and briefly their mechanisms of action. Choose one therapy to describe in more detail (a few sentences) their mechanism.
c) The uncertainty and potential pit falls/dangers of manipulating the immune system for therapy, particularly with reference to T cell responses. Explain examples of currently used therapeutics (e.g. CTLA-4 inhibitors) and past failures.