replies to peers should be a minimum of 130 words and include direct questions 1

Initial Question: Describe the variety of actors in the budget process and what they are trying to achieve. In this day and age, do you think their goals are typically for the public good or to gain or hold personal power? Identify and briefly describe the five major ways of viewing politics in public budgeting. Lately, which view is MOST accurate in your opinion?

Explain budgetary decision making in terms of the five decision clusters. Which cluster do you think is the most political and why?

Student 1 (Mark):

Good afternoon, There are many different actors when it comes to the budget process. One of those actors is the Bureau Chiefs, they are usually motivated by trying to gain more funding for their specific agency, but they also like to do good for the people as well. Another key player is the Executive Budget Office. Their main goal is to try and scrutinize the requests that come from the Bureau Chiefs and make sure they are reasonable. Another key member in this process is the Chief Executive Officers. This role varies from person to person, some want to create new programs and others might want cut backs, it really just depends on who is in these positions. One of the other important roles is the legislators. The legislators normally try to create more jobs and capital projects. Interest groups are another one of the important players in the process. These groups try to plead there cases for why they believe their organization deserves more money, or they try to sway the legislators to vote for programs that may be in favor of the interest group. We as citizens, are also very important in the process, we vote on the different referendums and tax reforms and many other policies. The courts also play a key role, they become involved when other actors bring suits to them. The last key player that is out there is the press. The role that the press has is that they advise the public on whether to vote for something or not and they also let the public know when different budgetary decisions are passed. There are definitely a lot of different actors in this process and are all important in their own way. Thank you for your time and have a nice day!

– Mark https://online.vitalsource.com/#/books/97814833233…

Student 2 (Philip):

The federal budget is the only bargaining chip that politicians have to force their agenda over their peers and the nation. For example, a conservative may not vote to increase domestic spending if it includes access to Planned Parenthood. A liberal may not vote for a transportation bill if there is funding for a border wall attached as a rider.

An exceptionally rare feat happened this fall when Congress passed, and the President signed, BOTH the NDAA and the appropriations act before the start of the fiscal year on October 1^st. Some may say this was due to the President’s promises to rebuild the force and fill shortfalls. Others will say it was a political move by the Republicans to show that they can pass major legislation just prior to the midterm elections. I’d argue though that the latter is irrelevant.

Every year there are 12 appropriation bills that must be passed in order to keep the lights on and the federal government functioning. Congress only passed 5 of these 12 on time. If I operated at a 41.67% success rate, I’d be fired.

The other bills are being held in political limbo as bargaining chips to advance the desires of a minority party. Unfortunately, this will continue happening as there are finite resources, infinite reasons why/why not the government should pay for something and lobbyists whose job it is to have you see their way.

I believe this is the definition of insanity, especially as we enter a lame duck session of Congress for the next two years.

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