Questions On Static Fluid Systems

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MODULE TITLE : FLUID MECHANICS

TOPIC TITLE : STATIC FLUID SYSTEMS

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IMPORTANT

Before you start please read the following instructions carefully.

1. This assignment forms part of the formal assessment for this module. If

you fail to reach the required standard for the assignment then you will be

allowed to resubmit but a resubmission will only be eligible for a Pass

grade, not a Merit or Distinction.

You should therefore not submit the assignment until you are reasonably

sure that you have completed it successfully. Seek your tutor’s advice if

unsure.

2. Ensure that you indicate the number of the question you are answering.

3. Make a copy of your answers before submitting the assignment.

4. Complete all details on the front page of this TMA and return it with

the completed assignment including supporting calculations where

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5. Your tutor’s comments on the assignment will be posted on Blackboard.

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1. Compare liquids and gases with regard to their:

• shape

• volume occupied

• density

• viscosity

• compressibility.

2. (a) (i) Define dynamic viscosity and give the mathematical formula

for Newton’s law of viscosity.

(ii) How does kinematic viscosity differ from dynamic viscosity?

(b) Explain why viscosity is an important property in Fluid Mechanics.

(c) Name three classes of non-Newtonian fluids and explain how their

viscosity is affected by factors other than temperature.

(d) What is the main difference between an ‘ideal’ fluid and a ‘real’

fluid?

3. (a) Often the mathematics of a problem in Fluid Mechanics is made

easier if we assume the mass or area to be concentrated at a single

point. What are these points known as for:

(i) mass

(ii) area?

2

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(b) (i) Determine the centroid of the following shape (note that the

circles are holes):

(ii) Determine the second moment of area of this shape and hence

its radius of gyration about the axis a–a.

4. (a) What is the formula for calculating the pressure due to the height of

liquid?

(b) Name two devices which make use of this formula when used for

pressure measurement.

15 mm

15 mm

45 mm

20 mm

50 mm

a a

5 mm5 mm

5 mm 5 mm

5 mm 5 mm

5 mm 5 mm

5 mm

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(c) (i) In the situation, below calculate the pressure difference between

points 1 and 2 for the flow of a gas within the pipe. The liquid

present is mercury whose density is 13 560 kg m–3.

(ii) The liquid is now replaced by a new liquid whose density is

2100 kg m–3. If the pressure difference remains constant, what

will be the new difference in level between each limb?

(iii) What is the advantage of changing the liquid?

13 mm

Liquid

1 2

4

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5. A concrete vessel containing water has a square seal gate, hinged at the

top, blocking off the outflow of a large reservoir as shown below.

(i) Calculate the total moment about the hinge of the seal gate.

(ii) To allow the water out, a circular hydraulic ram of area 0.04 m2 is to

be used to open the hatch. The centre of the ram is situated 0.1 m

from the bottom centre of the seal gate. Calculate the minimum

pressure required on the ram to open the gate. (Assume the weight of

the gate is negligible.)

1.0 m

1.0 m

0.1 m

5 m

5

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6. A storage tank has the cross-sectional shape shown below and is of 1 m

breadth. Calculate the resultant force acting on the inclined surface AB

and its point of action.

The density of the liquid is 900 kg m–3 and take g = 9.81 m s–2.

7. (a) Describe the operation of a device which uses hydraulic pressure.

(b) Define:

(i) force ratio

(ii) movement ratio.

(c) It is required to lift a skip whose load total is 14 kN. Two simple

lifting jacks are available both having an effort piston diameter of

10 mm and a load piston diameter of 70 mm and the load is to be

distributed equally between the two. Calculate:

(i) the force ratio and movement ratio of each jack

(ii) the pressure within the hydraulic fluid.

A

B

4 m

1 m

1.5 m

C

6

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Question No.

 

 

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Question No.

 

 

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Question No.

 

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