Philosophy 105

Philosophy 105, Quiz #3  NAME___________________________

Required reading:
Textbook, Chapter 2; also (in Additional Material folder): “Facile
Assumptions.” And: Textbook, Chapter 3; also (in Additional Material
folder): “Deduction vs. Induction” and “Hints on Validity.”.

I. For each of the following arguments, provide one basic
assumption that is interesting, important, or significant (not “facile”). Type your answer starting at the point of
the arrow. Two points each, total 10.

1. In University City, all public acts of excretion are prohibited.
Hence, spitting is prohibited, given that spitting is excretion. To be
consistent, barfing should be prohibited as well, in University City.

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2. The Earth is surely spherical. After all, spheres cast curved shadows.
Further, the Earth casts a curved shadow on the moon during an eclipse.

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3. No one who endangers his health is rational. It follows that students
who smoke cigarettes are irrational, because cigarettes endanger their health
and they darn well know it.

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4. The moon influences the water in our bodies by moving it around. Isn’t
the water in our bodies water that is also on the Earth? And isn’t it true that
the gravity of the moon influences, by moving it around, all the water on the
Earth?

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5. Standard aptitude tests are culturally biased. That means that the
standard aptitude tests are unconstitutional, since cultural bias is
discrimination and discrimination is prohibited by the Constitution.

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II. For each argument below, indicate whether it is Deductive
(use the abbreviation DED) or Inductive (abbreviation IND). Put your
abbreviation at the tip of the arrow. Also indicate the conclusion of the
argument, by putting [brackets] around it. Two points each, total 10.

6. The Boss: “John has been absent from work every day
this week. The portfolio he was supposed to turn in never arrived, although he
did send me by email the Phillies’ schedule. Yeah, I guess he’s goofing off
again.”

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7. You won’t get a solid C in this course. It doesn’t matter
whether you get an F or a D on the final exam. If you get an F, your final
average will be only a D. Or if you get a D, your average at most will be a C-.
And I know you won’t do any better than that on the final exam. So there.

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8. Look through this telescope. The sun is causing the light
that passes close to the sun to bend. That’s awesome. Would you have supposed
that a large round smelly gaseous object could exert gravitational pull on
photons?

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9. Whenever I come across a turtle walking across a road, I
stop my car and wait for it to cross safely. See, I’m a good-natured dude. And
if I see a cat caught in a tree by a ferocious dog, I’ll get it a Big Whopper
so it will leave the poor pussy cat alone.

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10. If Roger is taller than Jose, and Jose is taller than
Nusrat, and Nusrat is taller than every ferret, then Roger must be taller than
every animal which is shorter than a ferret.

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