People have come into the world in more than one way.  No one in most cultures s

People have come into the world in more than one way.  No one in most cultures suggests this somehow makes the individuals born any less equal with anyone else, nor any less welcome.  Adoption seems to be viewed universally as a positive practice and to be non-controversial worldwide. 
Note:  In part for this reason, this week’s question is not about bringing to term a child for adoption, nor about adoption per se. 
Nor does this week’s Discussion Forum question regard the non-issue of how people view adults conceived via surrogacy. (Translation:  initial Discussion Posts addressing such irrelevant themes may receive a zero.)
In light of this week’s readings, etc., the Discussion Forum question centers around conceiving a child with the prior intention of raising this child separately from his or her biological mother. That is the only Discussion Forum question for grading this week.
Note: 
You may have been adopted; and, if not, someone you know likely was. Parents adopting kids from birth parents lacking the resources to raise them bring enormous benefits to the kids they raise and to society as a whole. Adoption can be profoundly healing. Simultaneously, given the challenges adopted kids can face, ethical questions arise over deliberately “conceiving” a child — as completely distinct from the question of gestating and birthing a child — with the stated goal of separating a newborn from her biological mom or dad. 
When money changes hands, ethical question only deepen. There are questions concerning the women involved as well. In cases found in the readings and videos below, how might the women interviewed appear through the eyes of others? (E.g., viewed by people seeking a surrogate, by doctors, corporations, and by their biological offspring.)  Specifically, how do these perspectives appear in light of the following, at times conflicting ethical visions?
– Emotivism
– Utilitarianism
– Kantianism
– Lockeanism
– Natural Law Personalism

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