Pathology of type 2 diabetes

Please follow the format structure for the essay writing provided. In addition, have the majority of the sources be primary sources

Main Sections

1. Introduction
   1. Pathology of type 2 diabetes
   2. Main effects – population statistics (global/UK), impact on quality of life
   3. Therapeutic timeline: history, milestones, gold standard therapy currently, disease management, problems with current therapies
   4. The basis of incretin based therapies – why are GLP1 agonists relevant? Why target incretins? Why are they better than the current treatments? What benefits do they offer?
2. How do GLP1 agonists work?
   1. Discovery and milestones (where, by whom?, how?)
   2. Mechanism and main pathways targeted (explaining the natural GLP1 hormone and its role – eg. why is there a need for synthetic GLP1 agonists?)
   3. Why is GLP1 an attractive candidate for type 2 diabetes therapy?
   4. Development of GLP1 receptor agonists (Analogues of human GLP-1)
   5. Development of DDP-4 resistant GLP1 receptor agonists
   6. Development of Exendin-based therapies
   7. Examples of licensed GLP1 agonists, eg. Exenatide and Liraglutide
   8. GLP1 agonists currently under development
3. Risks and further development
   1. Indications and contraindications (side effects)
   2. An evaluation of efficacy versus tolerability, using examples of short acting and long acting agonists
   3. GLP monotherapy versus combination therapies – benefits and risks, also GLP1 agonists plus insulin
   4. Pleiotropic effects of incretins
   5. Other indications of GLP1 agonists – heart failure, cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction, ischaemia
   6. Safety – concerns on elevated incidence of pancreatis, thyroid function
4. Conclusion