Learning Goal: I’m working on a psychology and need to help me learn.QUESTION 1M

Learning Goal: I’m working on a psychology and need to help me learn.QUESTION 1Match the experimental procedure to the cognitive mechanism it was designed to investigate. – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. The rate of forgetting – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. flashbulb memory accuracy – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. Decision time – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. short-term memory capacity – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. False memory – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. functional fixedness – A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. encoding specificity A.measure the length of time it takes to relearn a list of items after different delaysB.subtract choice reaction time from simple reaction timeC.Subtract simple reaction time from choice reaction timeD.observe rats response to a previoulsy conditioned fear stimulus (tone) following drug injection given during memory retrieval.E.measure memory performance for items that were studied using deep encoding vs. those studied using shallow encoding.F.measure the number of digits that can be recalled in the correct order immediately following studyG.repeated recall of circumstances surrounding normal and shocking eventsH.measure how often participants utilize objects in uncommon ways to solve a problem.I.measure the proportion of related, but never-presented words that participants recall after studying a list of related items.J.dichotic listening — wherein a different message is presented to each earK.collect warmth ratings as participants attempt to solve problems. L.compare memory performance in an environement that matches study vs. environment that mismatches study
7 points QUESTION 2Listening to and producing language leads to activation of many areas of the brain. This is an example ofa.distributed representation.b.aphasia.c.localization of function.d.modularity.
3 points QUESTION 3The following is a sample of speech from a brain damaged patient: “It just suddenly had a feffort and all teh feffort had gone with it. It even stopped my horn………I’m a been habed by the ugh stam of forment……” In addition to this incoherent speech, this patient was also unable to understand other peoples’ speech. This patient most likely has damage to which area of the brain?a.Parahippocampal place area (PPA)b.Broca’s areac.Extrastriate body area (EBA)d.Wernicke’s area
3 points QUESTION 4Match the brain area that would most likely be damaged in individuals with each neurological problem. – A. B. C. D. Frontal Lobe – A. B. C. D. Occipital lobe – A. B. C. D. parietal lobe – A. B. C. D. hippocampusA.difficulty differentiating left from rightB.perseveration during task switchingC.blindnessD.inability to remember information for longer than 30 seconds.
4 points QUESTION 5Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00–11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Alana will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances?a.State-dependent learning predicts that Katie should perform better, because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period.b.Katie and Alana should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the equal-time hypothesis).c.Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect.d.Alana will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect.
3 points QUESTION 6Describe how the metacognitive results (predicted recall) compared to the actual test results in the Roediger & Karpicke (2006) study on the effects of retrieval practice of prose passages. What do these findings tell us about the accuracy of our feelings about how well we have learned something?
QUESTION 7Which of the following is NOT supported by research on learning?a.retrieval practice leads to better memory than rereading b.matching study and test conditions leads to better memory than mismatching study and test conditionsc.maintenance rehearsal leads to better memory than does elaborative rehearsald.spacing study leads to better memory than massing study
QUESTION 8People make various yes/no judgments about a list of words (different judgments for different words). According to levels of processing model, people would be most likely to remember “foot” if they had to decide whether it : (“foot” is printed in black lowercase letters)was printed in lowercase lettersrhymes with “where”is a body partwas printed in capital letters
QUESTION 9Lakeisha and Kim have been studying for two hours for their chemistry exam. Both girls are tired of studying. Lakeisha decides to watch a two-hour movie on DVD, while Kim decides to go to bed. What would you predict about their performance on the chemistry exam?a.Kim will perform better because of encoding specificity.b.Lakeisha will perform better because of increased consolidation.c.Kim will perform better because of increased consolidation.d.Lakeisha will perform better because of encoding specificity.
QUESTION 10You are performing a study on REM sleep. You find that participants who are deprived of REM sleep will spend a larger proportion of their sleep cycle in REM sleep following REM deprivation compared to participants who are not deprived of REM sleep. This finding demonstrates______________REM consolidationREM replayREM reboundnone of the above
QUESTION 11Which of the following is NOT true of sleep research findings?research on sleep has shown benefits for problem solving, most likely due to incubationresearch has demonstrated that sleep enhances memory for information learned prior to sleep, likely due to consolidation processes that occur during sleep.Sleep deprivation has been shown to have effects on driving that are similar to alcohol inebriation.all of the above
3 points QUESTION 12If you are folding towels while watching television, you may find that you don’t have to pay much attention to the act of folding while keeping up with the storyline on the TV show. Folding the towels would be an example of a(n) ________ task, and performing both tasks at once is an example of ___________.a.high-load; divided attentionb.filtered; change blindnessc.low-load; divided attentiond.attenuated; selective attention
3 points QUESTION 13A participant is shown a series of stimuli and is asked to name the color of the ink in which the simuli are presented. The eighth item happens to be printed in green ink. We would expect to see the slowest responses to this item when it isa series of green X’sthe word “RED” printed in greenthe participants name printed in greenthe word “GREEN” printed in green
3 points QUESTION 14True or False? You would have mirror touch synesthesia if your perception of certain numbers and letters is associated with colors. True False
2 points QUESTION 15For April Fool’s Day, Jimmy Kimmel and Jimmy Fallon secretly switched places during interviews with fans. Many of the fans failed to notice that they were speaking with an entirely different Jimmy at the end of the interview than they were originally speaking to. This is an example of ____________.a.implicit memoryb.Inattentional blindnessc.the stroop effectd.Change blindness
3 points QUESTION 16Which cue / assumption for visual perception is NOT present in the picture below? Note, this question pertains to the still picture only, not to our perception if we were viewing the scene in person. Texture gradientrelative heightlinear perspective all of the above are present in the picture
3 points QUESTION 17Information remains in sensory memory fora.15–30 seconds.b.one to three minutes.c.seconds or a fraction of a second.d.as long as it is rehearsed.
3 points QUESTION 18A patient with impaired episodic memory would most likely have the greatest difficulty in ______________ while a patient with impaired semantic memory would have the most difficulty in ____________.a.remembering how to play the piano; remembering her wedding day.b.remembering her wedding day; remembering a list of words presented 10 minutes agoc.remembering a list of words presented 10 minutes ago; remembering that a tomato is a fruitd.remembering how to ride a bike; remembering that a tomato is a fruit
3 points QUESTION 19The ability to remember the list of letters USACIAFBIEEG improves greatly when the list is instead presented as USA CIA FBI EEG. This memory improvement is most likely due to which of the following?a.encoding specificityb.chunkingc.the primacy effectd.the spacing effect
3 points QUESTION 20Research on working memory has shown that a list of short words is typically remembered ___________ than a list of long words but that requiring participants to perform ____________ removes this effect. a.worse; articulatory suppressionb.worse; rehearsalc.better; rehearsald.better; articulatory suppression
3 points QUESTION 21Before going to the grocery store, Jamal quickly made a list in his head of the few items he needed to cook dinner. Driving to the store, he repeated the list over and over to himself so that he wouldn’t forget anything. Which is the best description of Jamal’s actions in the car?a.Rehearsal in short-term memoryb.Rotation in the phonological loopc.Buffering in the central executived.Chunking in sensory memory
3 points QUESTION 22Your book discusses the memory functioning of patient H.M. who underwent brain surgery to relieve severe epileptic seizures. H.M.’s case has been extremely informative to psychologists by demonstrating thata.short-term memory can operate normally while long-term memory is impaired.b.impairment of one memory system (long-term or short-term) necessarily leads to deficits in the functioning of the other.c.long-term memory can operate normally while short-term memory is impaired.d.a double dissociation exists for short-term and long-term memory.
3 points QUESTION 23Define the primacy and recency effects and explain why each is thought to emerge. Furthermore, explain why delaying the final test can remove the recency effect. For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphAria10ptP0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
5 points QUESTION 24You have very vivid memories associated with the details surrounding the events of September 11. These details include who you were with, how you learned the news, where you were and perhaps even what you were wearing. The memory for these details can be considered which of the following?flashbulb memoryexplicit memoryautobiographical memoryall of the above
3 points QUESTION 25Food aversions are often established through classical conditioning when an illness becomes associated with a certain food. If this conditioning happens when you are 2 years, and you have no conscious memory of why you hate bananas, your aversion to bananas would be considered which of the following?a.Explicit memoryb.implicit memoryc.sensory memoryd.the primacy effect
3 points QUESTION 26Wei has allergy symptoms. He has gone to his regular doctor and an allergy specialist, but he wasn’t given a prescription by either doctor. Instead, he was advised to buy an over-the-counter medicine. While he was in the specialist’s waiting area, he read a magazine where he saw three ads for an allergy medicine called SneezeLess. A week later, in a drug store, Wei says to his brother, “My doctor says SneezeLess works great. I’ll buy that one.” Wei and his doctor never discussed SneezeLess. Wei has fallen victim to which of the following errors?a.Recovered memory errorb.the misinformation effectc.Schema confusion errord.Source monitoring error
3 points QUESTION 27Which statement below is NOT true, based on the results of memory research?a.Although eyewitness testimony is often faulty, people who have just viewed a videotape of a crime are quite accurate at picking the “perpetrator” from a lineup.b.Suggestion can create false memories for events that occurred when a person was a young child.c.Misinformation following experience of an event can alter witness’ memory for that event.d.Many miscarriages of justice have occurred based on faulty eyewitness testimony.
3 points QUESTION 28Bonnie has ordered her monthly supply of medicines through the mail for the past five years. Except for one order, all orders have arrived within two business days. Bonnie placed an order yesterday, and she expects to receive her order tomorrow. Bonnie is usinga.an omission bias.b.the similarity-coverage model.c.inductive reasoning.d.the conjunction rule.
3 points QUESTION 29Explain the meaning of the statement, “Justice is what the judge had for breakfast.” What cognitive factors are implicated in this perspective? How might this impact our legal system, and what strategies could be employed to address it?For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphArial10ptP0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
6 points QUESTION 30Gabrielle is blonde, extremely attractive, and lives in an expensive condo. If we judge that Gabrielle is more likely to be a model than a store clerk, we are using the _______________ and failing to consider ___________.a.the representativeness heuristic; the conjunction ruleb.the representativeness heuristic; the base ratec.the availability heuristic; the law of large numbersd.the availability heuristic; the conjunction rule
3 points QUESTION 31Lydia is 48 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy as an undergraduate. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and she participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations. Which of the following alternatives is most probable?a.Lydia is a state governor.b.Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman and active in the feminist movement.c.Lydia is a state governor and active in the feminist movement.d.Lydia is a U.S. Congresswoman.
3 points QUESTION 32Countries that use ___________ procedures to sign up for organ donation have ___________ rates of organ donation. This is an example of the _________________ bias.a.opt-out; lower; status quob.opt-in; higher; self-servingc.opt-in; lower; status quod.opt-out; higher; availability
3 points QUESTION 33According to research on risky decision making, people tend to be _____ with potential losses (e.g., lose $500 for sure or have an 85% chance of losing $750) and be ______ with potential gains (e.g., gain $500 for sure or have an 85% likelihood of gaining $750). (Note: risk averse means that you choose the sure thing; risk seeking means that you choose the riskier option)risk seeking; risk seekingrisk seeking; risk averserisk averse; risk averserisk averse; risk seeking
3 points QUESTION 34The finding that people tend to incorrectly conclude that more people die from tornados than from asthma has been explained in terms of thea.falsification principle.b.belief bias.c.representativeness heuristic.d.availability heuristic.
3 points QUESTION 35Describe the prototype approach / theory of categorization. Define “prototype” and explain what a prototype for the category dog might look like. Mention one item that is high and one that is low in prototypicality in the dog category.For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac).ParagraphArial10ptP0 WORDSPOWERED BY TINY
6 points QUESTION 36 Above is an example of the Hierarchical Network Model (HNM) like that of Collins & Quillian (1969). According to HNM, the reaction time to verify “German Shepherds are dogs” will be ____ than/to the reaction time to verify “Basenji’s are dogs. Note that Basenjis are less typical than German Shepherds.fasterslowerequal
3 points QUESTION 37True or False? The semantic network model pictured below represents a hierarchical network model. True False
2 points QUESTION 38People can often fail to solve problems due to harmful mental sets. For instance, people often fail the candle problem due to _____________ and fail the chain problem (aka cheap necklace problem) due to ___________.a.functional fixedness; false constraintb.false constraint; alternate usesc.false constraint; functional fixednessd.risky decisions; functional fixedness
3 points QUESTION 39Kaplan & Simon studied performance on the mutilated checkerboard problem by presenting different versions of the checkerboard to participants Which finding best summarizes their findings?Performance was best when the blank board was presented.Performance was best when the board consisted of black and pink colored squares.Performance was best when each square contained the word “bread” or “butter”Performance was equivalent regardless of how the board was presented
3 points QUESTION 40In problem solving, the term insight refers toa.prior learning facilitating problem solving.b.the sudden realization of a problem’s solution.c.prior learning hindering problem solving.d.the tendency to respond in a certain manner, based on past experience.
3 points QUESTION 41Which of the following results are in line with the word frequency effect? a.People identify the letter “A” more quickly in the nonword NASD than in the word SANDb.People verify that “wizard” is a word more quickly than that “teacher” is a word in a lexical decision taskc.people identify the letter “A” more quickly in the word SAND than in the nonword NASDd.People verify that “teacher” is a word more quickly than that “wizard” is a word in a lexical decision task
3 points QUESTION 42Which of the following does NOT represent a finding in language research?Starting at age 6, children can sucessfully use color and navigagional terms (like left of the blue wall) to find a reward.older generations of students who attended the Nicuraguan deaf school had more words for “thinking” than younger generations.all meanings of an ambiguous word like “rose” are activated immediately after it is heard.bilingual people show increased ability to perform selective attention / inhibitory tasks like Stroop compared to monolinguals
3 points QUESTION 43A recent research article states that there is significant positive correlation between napping frequency and Alzheimer’s diagnoses. Which of the following can you conclude from this article’s correlational finding?napping causes Alzheimer’sAlzheimer’s causes increased nappingA third factor is causing both inceased napping and increased rate of Alzheimer’sIn the population studied, as the rate of napping increased, the rate of Alzheimer’s diagnoses increased
3 points QUESTION 44You are conducting and experiment in which you have all participants read the same book chapter. After they read the chapter, one half of the subjects take an hour long nap while the remaining half of subjects works on a jigsaw puzzle for one hour. After this hour, all participants take a memory test for information included in the book chapter. In our experiment, ____________ is the indepdent variable and ____________is the dependent variable. the hour long activity (sleep vs. jigsaw puzzle); the book chapterthe hour long activity (sleep vs. jigsaw puzzle); chapter memory accuracythe book chapter; book chapter memory accuracychapter memory accuracy; the hour long activity (sleep vs. jigsaw puzzle)