how to prepare a paper for publication, how to write an abstract, and how to revise papers that may be rejected with initial submission (AACN Publishing, n.d.

Responses to classmates must consist of at least 350 words (not including the greeting and the references), do NOT repeat the same thing your classmate is saying, try to add something of value like a resource, educational information to give to patients, possible bad outcomes associated with the medicines discussed in the case, try to include a sample case you’ve seen at work and discuss how you feel about how that case was handled. Try to use supportive information such as current Tx guidelines, current research related to the treatment, anything that will enhance learning in the online classroom. For this discussion, the three journals investigated include the Journal of Emergency Nursing, the Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, and Critical Care Nurse. I was surprised to learn that the three journals required different levels of criteria for publication. I found the Journal of Emergency Nursing to be the most lenient in accepting literature for publication. “The Journal of Emergency Nursing welcomes unsolicited articles including peer-reviewed articles, department/section articles and Letters to the Editor. All submitted manuscripts must be original material that has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal at the time of submission to JEN” (Emergency Nurses Association, n.d.). It appears that the criteria for submitting material to the JEN is minimal in comparison to other journals reviewed. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing was slightly stricter in its criteria for submission. This journal has an internal peer-review process that all submissions must undergo prior to being accepted for publication. “All articles, invited and unsolicited, undergo a double blind peer-review by at least three of our national and international OJIN Editorial Review Board members who recommend acceptance, resubmission, or rejection of the manuscript” (The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, n.d.). The third journal reviewed, Critical Care Nurse, had the most rigorous criteria of the three. This journal has a complex CCN online manuscript submission and review system. In addition to the requirements of the previously mentioned journals, CCN also requires that all articles meet the mission of the journal and “address nursing practice of acute and critically ill patients” (AACN Publishing, n.d.). Of the three journals, I was most surprised by the relaxed criteria of the Journal of Emergency Nursing, which is a journal I have referenced frequently in my past as an ER Director and ER Nurse. To meet the criteria for publishing an article into a journal, I would seek more specific details on expectations for article selection. For example, Critical Care Nurse specifies exactly which sections of an article are expected and gives details on each. This particular journal even includes an editorial on how to prepare a paper for publication, how to write an abstract, and how to revise papers that may be rejected with initial submission (AACN Publishing, n.d.). To meet the expectations of a journal, I would first determine what the specific expectations are and format the article or entry to meet those requirements. For the peer-review aspect of requirement criteria, I would submit my article or research to peers or experts in the selected subject matter and ask for feedback. I perceive challenges to getting work published in journals to be an initial unfamiliarity with the publication process. I can imagine that an experienced author who is familiar with the process of publication would have a far less difficult time meeting expectations and publication criteria than a new author undergoing the process for the first time. Another challenge is that peer-review relies on volunteers. While most journals will have a defined group of volunteers to carry out the peer-review process, many may not. If volunteers or subject matter experts are not available, the process could be drawn out. Not all subject matter has an “expert”, especially if it is new science, and determining who the best people for reviewing an article may be, may be yet another challenge. “The ethical and legal issues relating to the conduct of clinical research involving human participants has raised the concerns of policy makers, lawyers, scientists and clinicians for many years” (Yip, Han, & Sng, 2016). One ethical consideration in research is the fact that some research may cause harm to participants. A researcher must consider whether possible data collection and results have a value greater than a human being’s life or health. While it is important to gather consent of the participants involved in a study, at times the outcome of the study can be so risky that the possible result is not worth the price the participant may have to pay in order to achieve that result. Another ethical consideration is the use of children as research study participants. Research in pediatrics is very important in determining causes and treatment of childhood illnesses and diseases, however obtaining that research may come at the risk of harming the children involved. Children are not of an age to give informed consent; therefore, the researcher must consider the ethical dilemma of allowing a child to participate in a study that may cause him/her harm based on parental consent. A final ethical consideration is the use of financial incentives to coerce individuals into participating in a study. While the incentives may be considered compensation for the participant’s time, the income may persuade an individual to make decisions about their health that they otherwise would not. The compensation becomes a form of coercion for participation. References AACN Publishing. (n.d.). Instructions for Authors. Retrieved from Critical Care Nurse: https://aacnjournals.org/ccnonline/pages/instructions_for_authors Emergency Nurses Association. (n.d.). Journal of Emergency Nursing. Retrieved from Emergency Nurses Association: https://www.ena.org/publications/journal-of-emergency-nursing The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. (n.d.). About OJIN. Retrieved from Online Journal of Issues in Nursing: http://ojin.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/FunctionalMenu/AboutOJIN Yip, C., Han, N.-L. R., & Sng, B. L. (2016, September). Legal and ethical issues in research. Indian Journal of Anesthesia, 60(9), 684-688. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.190627

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