Crisis Intervention Models

Discussion – Week 2COLLAPSE

Crisis Intervention Models

As you learned in Week 1, crisis is a broad term that applies to a collection of disruptive, traumatic, and/or life-altering events. Moreover, a crisis may affect individuals, families, or, even in some cases, entire populations of a given region or country. Just as there is extreme variability in the nature and scope of crises, so too is there an assortment of crisis intervention models designed to help human services professionals effectively respond to specific situations. A model is like a map that plots concrete steps for otherwise abstract processes. Intervention models thus provide human services professionals with a practical sequence of activities and techniques that they can implement quickly when faced with a crisis. Models allow human services professionals to organize, prioritize, and structure what they need to do in order to provide the best care for their clients.

There are many different models for crisis intervention, with each variation emphasizing different techniques and procedures, depending on the nature of the crisis. Some models, such as the six-step model described in Chapter 3 and 4 of your course text, Crisis Intervention Strategies, are relatively general and can be applied to many different crisis situations. Other models, however, are aimed at specific situations, such as natural disasters or rape, and/or employ a particular psychological approach or have a particular philosophical foundation. Different models may overlap with one another in certain aspects–most lay out a process for assessing client needs, for example—but may contrast significantly in other aspects, such as the recommended sequence of actions or the techniques prescribed to carry them out.

Crisis intervention models originate from a variety of sources. The six-step model, for example, was created by the author of your course text, Richard K. James, and his colleague, Burl E. Gilliland, both of whom are professors and practitioners in the area of counseling psychology. Scholars and experts in the field of crisis counseling and social work often develop intervention models as part of independent research projects within their particular specialties. In addition, models are also created at the organizational and agency level. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), for instance, established the crisis counseling program (CCP) model for use in its disaster relief efforts, while the critical incident stress management (CISM) model can be traced to the efforts of both emergency services agencies and the U.S. military in the 1960s and 1970s. Additionally, local crisis centers or hotlines may employ their own model (or a modification of an existing model) to best address their clients’ needs.

To prepare for this Discussion:

  • Review Chapter 6 in your course text, Crisis Intervention Strategies, paying particular attention to the strategies involved in effective telephone crisis counseling.
  • Review the video program, “Crisis Line,” noticing how the human services professional applies the telephone crisis counseling model when speaking with her client. (Note: Please keep in mind that the strategies described on pp. 121–134 of the course text comprise what will be referred to here as the telephone crisis counseling model.)
  • Review the article, “Comparative Analysis of Three Crisis Intervention Models Applied to Law Enforcement First Responders During 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina.” Focus on the characteristics and applications of the PFA, CCP, and CISM models of crisis intervention.
  • Select at least one of the four articles presented as options in the Learning Resources for this week. As you read, pay attention to the characteristics and applications of the model or approach discussed in the article.
  • Consider the features and contexts for the use of each of the crisis intervention models you have encountered this week: telephone crisis counseling, PFA, CISM, CCP, mutual aid, critical incident debriefing, the empowerment approach, and/or SMART. Reflect on which models resonate most with you. Choose two of the models that have made a significant impression on you and on how you might conduct work in the area of crisis intervention.
  • Reflect on the strengths of these two models. Then, consider the limitations of each of the models you selected.

With these thoughts in mind:

Do a brief description of the two crisis intervention models you selected. Explain why each one resonates with you, specifically in terms of how you might conduct work in the area of crisis intervention. Then explain two strengths and two limitations of each model. Be specific and use examples to illustrate your points.

Explain how your example validates your colleague’s viewpoint.

Brent

 

Case Study Analysis of Globalized Workforces

Modern leaders of globalized workforces face new challenges in developing leadership, engagement, and measuring performance and outcomes. As more workforces are working remote, different geographical locals, and time zones, the ability to establish a leadership structure to improve engagement and performance is increasingly more difficult (Northouse, 2016). As presented in the case by Dr. Craig Marsh, the need to establish a leadership structure to manage the past and future growth of the business was critical (Laureate Education, 2016c). Marsh developed three objectives which focused on employee engagement, performance management, and leadership structure (Laureate Education, 2016c). The employee engagement aspect was positive and yielded longevity amongst the contractors. The practitioner research by Perrin applied to the challenge of non-employee engagement and discussed below.  Also, presented below is a proposal for an alternative solution for performance management.

Employee engagement

The employee engagement was challenged by the global workforce that was not a direct employee but rather a temporary contractor (Laureate Education, 2016c). The leadership had to develop methods to make the non-employees feel part of the organization. The establishment of the center of excellence website was effective in building engagement. A leader must provide an ability for employees to see the value of others works and to develop a commitment to the processes and services of the company (Westcott, 2014). Perrin (2007) highlighted three elements of employee engagement that fit the case which are rational/cognitive understanding, emotional/affective attachment, and motivation/willingness. Marsh used the three elements in the development of the center of excellence thus increasing the tenure of non-employees.

Performance management

The performance management and leadership structure impacted each other. The dashboard principle used by Marsh, although yielded positive results, the underlining front line management was not improving. The challenge with performance tools is the acceptance of the specific areas of measurement, use of the measurement results for future development, and balancing the impact of the negative results with coaching (Dusterhoff, Cunningham, & MacGregor, 2014). The employees that view the performance measurement as justified and morally right accept the measurement (Dusterhoff et al., 2014). The alternative, those employees that disagree with the measurement are not likely to provide accurate information (Dusterhoff et al., 2014). As indicated, the front line leadership’s views are not a part of the performance measurement dashboard. As a result, the dashboard did not indicate the issues with front-line managers ability to coach.

From experience, single page dashboards with three color indicators rarely tell the whole story. The use of a limited set of measurements is not indicative of the issues all employees face. Also, the measurements evolve with the business and are not static. The front line leaders need to be part of the development of the measurements and provide input and feedback. The inclusion of front-line leaders ensures their acceptance of the measurements (Dusterhoff et al., 2014). Also, the inclusion of the front-line leaders increases employee engagement. The rational and emotional understanding of the company goals, values and the employees fit in the organization impacts engagement (Perrin, 2007).

Conclusion

Leadership structures in a modern global workforce are necessary to manage a business. As presented in the case, Marsh focused on three objectives that include employee engagement, leadership structure, and performance measurement (Laureate Education, 2016c). Employee engagement focused on including employees and non-employees into a platform called the center of excellence (Laureate Education, 2016c). The use of the center of excellence was to rationally explain the employee’s roles in the company, to provide information about other employees work, and to motivate other employees to do more. The measurement of discretionary effort increased as employees did more without additional incentive (Laureate Education, 2016a). The leadership structure and performance measurements missed the inclusion of the front line leaders perspectives. Although some measurements improved, the front line managers ability to coach did not improve.

References

Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., & MacGregor, J. N. (2014). The effects of performance rating, leader-member exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective. Journal of Business Ethics119(2), 265–273. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1634-1Laureate Education (Producer). (2016a). Leading a virtual organization: Conclusions [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2016c). Leading a virtual organization: Introduction [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2016e). Leading a virtual organization: Performance management [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Perrin, T. (2007). Confronting myths: What really matters in attracting, engaging and retaining your workforce. Global Workforce Study.

Northouse, P.G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Westcott, R. (2014). Leadership challenges. Journal for Quality & Participation, 37(1), 8–32.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Josh

 

Leading a Virtual Organization: Critical Decisions

A virtual team or organization has its members or employees dispersed in different locations around the world, connected with the aid of communication technology, working together to achieve a common objective (Northouse, 2016). Due to globalization, the growth of international business and improved internet and communication connectivity, more organizations are using virtual teams to remain competitive (Northouse, 2016). As such, it is important for leaders to understand how to make work teams more effective. In the case study for this week, Dr. Craig Marsh presented an example of effective virtual team leadership from which valuable lessons can be learned.

Reference to Academic and Practitioner Literature

Dr. Marsh conducted extensive review of existing scholarly and practitioner literature on the topics relating to the business problem he identified. These included an organization with a loose structure and virtual employees working part-time on contract basis resulting in employee disengagement. The literature on employee engagement was particularly applicable to the organizational challenge he faced. From existing literature, job design was identified as a contributing factor to employee engagement. Bailey, Madden, Alfes, and Fletcher (2017) conducted a review of 214 studies on employee engagement and found five factors that are antecedents of employee engagement; job design, leadership, psychological states, organizational and team factors, and organizational interventions. The approach employed by Dr. Marsh, which focused on developing a vision statement, an effective internal communication and performance management system for the virtual teams, and a coaching leadership style for all managers addressed the core antecedents of employee engagement.

Seminal Works that Would Influence My Strategy

I would adopt the seminal work of Kahn (1990) who found three key dimensions that explain the person-role relationships of engagement or disengagement; emotionally – the emotional reactions to the phenomena and objective properties of the job or work roles; physically – the experiences of employees on the job and how they express or defend themselves in response; and cognitively – the evaluation of self-in-role. The work of Hackman stressed the importance of job design to employee engagement. With respect to organizational or team effectiveness, a seminal work of note is that of Hackman (2012) in which the author proposed six conditions for fostering group effectiveness. These include ensuring that the group; is a real team, has a compelling purpose, consists of the right people, has clear norms of conduct, has a supportive organizational context, and has team-focused coaching (Hackman, 2012; Northouse, 2016. Another seminal work, more specific to leading virtual teams, is that of Malhotra, Majchrzak, and Rosen (2007) in which the authors outlined six leadership practices of effective virtual teams that are globally dispersed. Some of the practices proposed by Malhotra et al. are; establishing and maintaining trust through the use of communication technology, monitoring team progress through the use of technology, enhancing the visibility of virtual teams and their members, and ensuring that individuals benefit from participating in virtual teams. Elements of the frameworks of Kahn, Hackman and Malhotra et al. were used in Dr. Marsh’s strategy.

Additional Strategies

I would employ additional strategies to help establish the desired organizational culture of engaged employees in the virtual organization. This includes giving the work back to the people by letting them participate actively in defining and creating the new organizational culture or norms of conduct (Heifetz & Laurie, 1997). As such, team members would be encouraged to take ownership and responsibility for their success and growth, and that of the organization. Finally, ensuring teams get the support they need and establishing rewards that recognize outstanding performance of individuals and teams would also enhance team effectiveness and establish the organizational culture (Hackman, 2012; Malhotra et al., 2007).

References

Bailey, C., Madden, A., Alfes, K., & Fletcher, L. (2017). The meaning, antecedents and outcomes of employee engagement: A narrative synthesis. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), 31-53. doi:10.1111/ijmr.12077

Hackman, J. R. (2012). From causes to conditions in group research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 33, 428-444. doi:10.1002/job.1774

Heifetz, R. A., & Laurie, D. L. (1997). The work of leadership. Harvard Business Review, 75(1), 124-134. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2001/12/the-work-of-leadership

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. doi:10.5465/256287

Malhotra, A., Majchrzak, A., & Rosen, B. (2007). Leading virtual teams. Academy of Management Perspectives, 21(1), 60-70. doi:10.5465/AMP.2007.24286164

Northouse, P. G. (2016). Leadership: Theory and practice (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Include three scholarly references to support your philosophy of education.

A philosophy of education is a statement regarding your beliefs and values about education. This statement is often required as part of the application process in gaining employment as a teacher.

Create a 750-1,000 word draft of your educational philosophy. Your philosophy may be grounded in a theory or theories that you have studied in this course or be informed by your study of historical and sociological influences on education. You will revise your educational philosophy throughout your program of study to make it more concise.

In this draft, include statements regarding your beliefs and values in each of the following areas:

  1. The purpose of education.
  2. Your personal vision of meeting the learning needs of diverse students using standards-based instruction.
  3. Where you stand regarding the perceived role of the teacher as a leader and advocate according to some of the ethical frameworks that you have examined.
  4. How you perceive the process of self-reflecting on teaching practices and education policy in order to utilize research, ethical practice, and other resources to advance the profession.

Include three scholarly references to support your philosophy of education.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

Assignment 2: SWOT Analysis And Presentation

Quick tips from Dr. Johnican regarding assignment two!

https://blackboard.strayer.edu/webapps/osv-kaltura-bb_bb60/LtiMashupPlayIframeWrapper?playUrl=/browseandembed/index/media/entryid/1_m012ml7t/showDescription/false/showTitle/false/showTags/false/showDuration/false/showOwner/false/showUploadDate/false/playerSize/400×285/playerSkin/31110461/&course_id=_233969_1&content_id=_25827349_1

Assignment 2 Submit Here

Assignment 2: SWOT Analysis and Presentation

Due Week 4 and worth 150 points

Based on the feedback from your professor for the first assignment, you will continue working on your recommendations for an LMS for your organization. You must compare and contrast two (2) different LMSs using a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis on each system that you have identified as two (2) potential solutions. One of the LMS will be Moodle and you can Pick the Open LMS.

Once you have completed the SWOT analysis, you will create a presentation for the organization so that they are able to make the best choice possible.

You must submit the SWOT analysis and your recommendation as two (2) separate files for the completion of this assignment. Label each file name according to the section of the assignment it is written for.

The following resources may help you with this assignment:

· Article titled “SWOT Analysis”, located at http://www.washington.edu/research/rapid/resources/toolsTemplates/SWOT_analysis.pdf

· Article titled “SWOT Analysis”, located at http://www.mcafee.cc/Classes/BEM116/PDF/SWOT.pdf.

Note: You may also use Internet or Strayer Resource Center for articles on SWOT analysis.

Write a two to four (2-4) page paper in which you:

1. Select one (1) proprietary LMS (Moodle) and one (1) open-access LMS (Pick One) that provide viable solutions for your organization. Provide a rationale for your selections.

2. Compare and contrast the two (2) selected systems using a SWOT analysis on each system and summarize the main findings from your analysis.

3. Based on your SWOT analysis, recommend the LMS that you believe will best support the organization’s needs. Justify your response.

4. Create a five to ten (5-10) minute presentation for your organization explaining your recommendation for an LMS. Note: The presentation may be completed in PowerPoint, Prezi, video, other presentation software, or as a written script. The presentation file is not included in the required assignment page length. You can record the audio for your presentation or include a written script. Typically, you should allocate about one (1) minute per slide.

5. Provide at least three (3) reliable, relevant, peer-reviewed references (no more than one [1] used previously), published within the last five (5) years that support the paper’s claims.

6. Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:

a. Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.

b. Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.

c. Include a reference page. Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

· Analyze an organization’s learning needs and rationale for selecting a Learning Management System (LMS).

· Differentiate between proprietary and open-access LMS.

· Describe the components of a typical LMS.

· Recognize strengths and constraints of an LMS.

· Evaluate assessment tools and capabilities of an LMS.

· Use technology and information resources to research issues in technology tools to manage learning.

· Write clearly and concisely about issues in technology tools to manage learning using proper writing mechanics.

I will attach the 1st assignment. The company I’m creating my LMS is for the FRTIB (Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Beau)

Running Head; ACQUIRING A LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1

ACQUIRING A LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquiring a Learning Management System

Larry Ratliff

Strayer University

EDU 541

October 19, 2018

Dr. Johnican

 

Acquiring a Learning Management System

The Organization and Departmental Training Provided

The Federal Retirement Thrift Investment Board is an American independent institution, based on the ideology of social security, with the mandate of managing the thrift saving plan that was developed to help federal employees and even members of the uniformed services save money to spend in retirement ages (Birdthistle, 2017). The organizational has a workforce of 270 employees who are distributed in the various departments of the organization and are responsible for the positive reputation the organization has earned over time (Birdthistle, 2017).

To maintain institutional efficiency, the Federal Retirement Thrift Investment board has within its organizational structure a department of corporate training. The department, where I work in, has professionals with the ability to assess skill and knowledge gap among the staff and recommend to the human resource department training programs based on the specific individual skill needs by each employee (Birdthistle, 2017). The analysis of employee skill capacities is done after every six months although emergency cases warrant quick plans for training. Usually, our training is customer service, information technology and finance disciplines.

The Current Systems and Processes Used for Education and Training

As currently set, the establishment has developed an elaborate and comprehensive system of corporate training. Usually, the corporate training department gathers insights on skill gaps in the organization through employee feedback and suggestions where workers suggest training on specific areas, customer feedback where served customers suggest areas they were not properly served while seeking our services and constant research where our department assess current best practices and the same is referred to our employees. Upon identification of areas where our staff skill capacity does not meet the demands of the daily tasks in the industry, our departments develop a report detailing recommendations to the human resource department and to the management.

Internal training presents organizations with the opportunity to accurately determine training needs and provide employees with friendly trainers with whom they can exchange with and refer from in case they need individualized training (Sung & Choi, 2014). cognizant of this, our department provides for internal training where our professionals have the skill capacity. In case of specialized training our department contracts outside trainers who either train them on our premises or offsite the employee’s preferred venues. Our department further recommends scheduled training programs for our employees to the human resource department.

Internal Administrative and Educational Stakeholders That Will Access and / Or Maintain the Lms. Specify Each Stakeholder’s Role for The Lms.

The adoption of the learning management system is a step forward towards building an internal capacity to frequently improve the knowledge of institutions (Arkorful & Abaidoo, 2015). Its acquisition, access and maintenance will be subject to the contributions of the following departments as key stakeholders (a) The training department. This department will be the custodian of the system by nature of its functionality. The department has, therefore, administrative access to the system setting its goals and constantly review the frequency of training of employees internally through the system. The department will, however, make the training decisions through the guidance of the other key stakeholder departments, (b) the management department. All administrative duties are reserved for the management department in that even the training department can only make recommendations and seek support from the management. However, this stakeholder department will purely manage the system through delegation of its management functions to the training department and to the other three stakeholders, (c) The human resource department. This stakeholder department serves to provide the training department with employee details, developing employee motivation towards the training activities and even hiring more specialized skills to train our employees and, (d) the public relations department. The learning management system will be programmed based on data gathered from employees and from served customers. The public relations department will provide the training department with data on who needs what training for the department to engage the specific individual, team or even department in a training program.

Needs of The Organization That You Foresee Will Benefit from an Lms Based Upon the Stakeholders’ Roles.

The new system of corporate training, the learning management system will meet the following specific needs to our organization. First, the learning management system provides for individual employees with education feedback as it comes with a tests package where employees can test their skills (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017). This will provide the training department with more accurate training needs analysis to ensure that only necessary training is carried out. Secondly, the system provides orderly management of training sessions and provides the training department with rich data to guide their decision making concerning who to train and when to train them on (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017).

Thirdly, the learning management system allows online training of employees and facilitates guided research by employees providing them with more opportunities and experiences to learn from (Kerzner & Kerzner, 2017). This attribute of the system allows employees to seek customized training and avoid a situation where they have to embark on learning content. Fourth, the learning management system provides for personalized learning an aspect that motivates them to learn better and acquire helpful skills in executing their tasks. Finally, the online studying opportunity provides for diverse knowledge where employees can learn without relying on the long processes of organizing training and scheduling which is not convenient for adult training. The above five contributions of the learning systems will make the training department more efficient in its staff training endeavors.

Prioritization and Classification of the Needs in Order to Select the Right Lms for Your Organization.

While acquiring the new learning management system for our department in a bid to facilitate efficient corporate training our choice of the systems will be influenced by the following priorities. First, the department will consider a system that will provide diverse knowledge for employees. This is because the service industry which our organization fits is dynamic and requires frequent updating of skills by employees to efficiently meet customer needs (Chowdhury & Quaddus, 2016). Our second priority will be on a system that keeps individual employee training records to facilitate decision making with regards to training. This will eliminate instances of unwarranted training and cases of long periods without employee training. Thirdly, we will prioritize on a learning system that allows personalized training where employees will promptly get to improve their skills without having to wait for organized schedules, an arrangement that will motivate the employee to self-improve themselves (Chowdhury & Quaddus, 2016). Our next priority will be a system that generates personal employee feedback to inform them on areas they need improvement and others where that are already trained to avoid wastage of resources on unproductive courses. Our last priority will be on a system that will be able to utilize information from research and from data give by our customers to guide on the specific aspects that the worker needs to improve on.

Strategy for Assessing Proprietary and Open-Access LMSS to Correspond with the Needs of the Organization.

To ensure that the acquisition process succeeds in providing the department with an effective learning management system, the department should embark on the following strategy. Departmental managers in the training department should assess the uniqueness of our training needs and come up with a system that specifically meets the staff education requirements such as the need for personal training and the incorporation of a customer feedback and the job market research to guide the training needed. Secondly, the department heads should involve employees before purchasing the systems to ensure that the system will be positively perceived by the employers who join as beneficiaries of the system. Additionally, stakeholders should make sure the system’s expertise requirements match those of the internal staff capacities for easy implementation and operationalization (Kuratko et al 2014).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

References

Arkorful, V., & Abaidoo, N. (2015). The role of e-learning, advantages and disadvantages of its adoption in higher education. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning12(1), 29-42.

Birdthistle, W. A. (2017). Federalism of Personal Finance: State & Federal Retirement Plans. Seattle UL Rev.41, 367.

Chowdhury, M. M. H., & Quaddus, M. A. (2016). A multi-phased QFD based optimization approach to sustainable service design. International Journal of Production Economics171, 165-178.

Kerzner, H., & Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.

Kuratko, D. F., Covin, J. G., & Hornsby, J. S. (2014). Why implementing corporate innovation is so difficult. Business Horizons57(5), 647-655.

Sung, S. Y., & Choi, J. N. (2014). Do organizations spend wisely on employees? Effects of training and development investments on learning and innovation in organizations. Journal of organizational behavior35(3), 393-412.

 

 

Running Head;

ACQU

IRING

A

 

LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquiring

a

 

Learning Management System

 

Larry Ratliff

 

Strayer University

 

EDU 541

 

October 19, 2018

 

Dr. Johnican

 

 

 

Running Head; ACQUIRING A LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Acquiring a Learning Management System

Larry Ratliff

Strayer University

EDU 541

October 19, 2018

Dr. Johnican