I need some assistance with these assignment. are animals conscious Thank you in advance for the help! This phenomenon is specifically very central to the comprehensive understanding of the psychological dynamics of animals. This has seen various researches conducted and articles documented in an attempt to explain the mystery surrounding animal consciousness.&nbsp. It is, indeed, reasonable to claim nonhuman animals are conscious.

Consciousness, in Psychology, is the mental status in which an organism is cognizant of the environment in which they are. A conscious individual or organism is that which can change in the environment and respond to the sensations after some cognitive processing. For example, one is conscious when they can respond to some instructions given verbally via a language they understand. Conscious humans would respond to (unless they deliberately choose not to) environmental triggers within their environments.

According to Stow, scientists have pointed out that there is an evolution in the area of neuroscience and it is necessary that the previously held positions be revised. The scientist agrees that the internal states of an animal can be quivered artificially to demonstrate the animals are indeed conscious. It is possible to associate a particular internal condition with environmental behavior both in humans and in animals experimentally. African gray parrots are believed to possess virtually dominant, high-level consciousness that resembles that of men. In order to prove this, scientists have discovered that a ‘treatment’ applied in the sub-cortical region of both humans and birds brings out the same behavioral outcome. an indication that nonhuman animals have some extent of consciousness. The emotional response of the two is similar when certain regions of the&nbsp.brain are influenced (Stow). The fact that animals have physiological parts in their bodies (as scientifically proved) that are specialized for regulating consciousness is evidence that indeed animals are conscious.

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Create a 5 pages page paper that discusses descriptive definition of religion. Defining religion is a perfect example of the philosopher’s problem. Sociologists, philosophers, theorists, and psychologists have for centuries offered their unique definitions, almost all of which are contradictory to one another. For instance, Emil Durkheim, the founder of sociology, described religion as “social”, in contrast to philosopher Alfred North Whitehead, who described religion as what an individual does with his solitariness. Most definitions of religion ultimately leave something out, and they characteristically reflect the bias of the definer. Thus, there is a need for a coherent yet nuanced description of what religion is in general. After giving this definition, there needs to be an application of this definition to religions in specific: to the actual practices of such faiths as we find in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. Only in that context can we judge whether the definition is sufficient in accomplishing the goal of supply such a coherent yet nuanced account of religion.

When we approach the history of defining religions, one could recognize three general kinds of answers to the question “what is religion?” The first kind of answer is an essential definition or one that tries to find some characteristic center to religion that can be used to measure the various manifestations of such practices. Just as being rational is an essential characteristic of being human, so there must be some essential characteristic that makes a religion a religion. The second kind of answer is a functional definition or one that tries not to localize what religion is but what it does relative to the individual or to the group. The function of a knife is to cut, and so too there must be a function of religion for various peoples. The third kind of answer is a descriptive one or one that tries to describe religion from an outside perspective.&nbsp.