Is there a confounding variable that the colleague did not detect? Provide your rationale.

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please create a discussion response fro the following post :

McCann and Holmes (1984) tested the hypothesis that exercise reduces depression. They randomly assigned depressed undergraduate women either to an exercise condition (attending an aerobics class a couple of times a week for ten weeks) or to a relaxation training condition (the individuals relaxed at home by watching a videotape over the same period of time). Although the results showed that the exercise group reported less depression at the end of the ten-week period than did the relaxation group, why can’t the researchers conclude that exercise reduces depression?

——————————————————-

I picked the scenario above because there were so many confounding variables. There is honestly no way that they could conclude that exercise reduces depression because there are too many unknown variables (Stangor 2014). Maybe this test occurred in spring when many people are coming out of their seasonal depression. Or maybe some of the subjects started antidepressants or began doing something that increases their happiness, like meeting a new person or getting a promotion. It also would make sense that a group that is forced to stay home would show higher rates of depression. This has been evidenced by the Coronavirus. The problem with this type of scenario is that it has demand characteristics because the subjects know what type of test they are in and can influence the data produced.

A possible way to limit the number of confounding variables might be a two-way factorial design. “Factorial designs involve the addition of new independent variables to one-way experiments, often with the goal of finding out whether the original results will hold up in new situations” (Stangor 2014). By adding onto the original test, or limiting the number of possible outcomes, they could narrow down the confounding variables. They could also use a repeated measure design, but the variables would likely change just as often as before so it would be difficult to limit.

Stangor, C. (2014). Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences. [MBS Direct]. Retrieved from https://mbsdirect.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781305981805/

please create a response to the above post, following the requirements below

Respond to at least one colleague who selected a different scenario than you did. Provide feedback by addressing one of the following:

  • Is there a confounding variable that the colleague did not detect? Provide your rationale.
  • Is there a variable identified that you do not agree to be a confounding variable? Provide your rationale.
  • Comment on your colleague’s proposed alternative method to eliminate the confounding variable(s). How might you remedy the confounding variable(s) differently?

The sociological term for a spoiled or devalued social identity is __________.

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Crime and the Legal System
Answer the questions below.

1. The sociological term for a spoiled or devalued social identity is __________.

Select only one.

☐ clique

☐ deviance

☐ crime

☐ stigma

2. From a sociological perspective, definitions of deviance originate_______________.

Select only one.

☐ in the specific behavior or condition

☐ with the people who witness or judge the behavior

☐ in legal and civil statutes or regulations

☐ with the identity of the person whose behavior is in question

3.  A __________ is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions.

Select only one.

☐ stigma

☐ deviant act

☐ crime

☐ stigma

4. The vast majority of criminal cases are never tried in court.

Select only one.

☐ True

☐ False

5. __________ seeks to return offenders to the community as law-abiding citizens by providing therapy or vocational or educational training. Offenders are treated, not punished, so that they will not continue their criminal activity.

Select only one.

☐ Retribution

☐ Incapacitation

☐ Rehabilitation

☐ Deterrence

6. Based on your opinion after reading the text, what is an example of a societal response to crime and

deviance?

Type  answer here

7. In your opinion, should individuals who commit non-violent crimes (ex: drug abuse) go to jail or rehab? Explain.

Type  answer here

 

Politics and the Economy
Answer the questions below.

8. __________ is the social institution through which power is acquired and exercised by various groups and individuals.

Select only one.

☐ Government

☐ Economics

☐ Politics

☐ Religion

9. In contemporary societies, the government is the primary political system.

Select only one.

☐ True

☐ False

10. __________ is the formal organization that has the legal and political authority to regulate the relationships among members of a society and between that society and those outside its borders.

Select only one.

☐ Government

☐ Economics

☐ Politics

☐ The military

11. The ideal types of authority identified by Max Weber include ___________.

Select only one.

☐ charismatic authority

☐ familial authority

☐ coercive authority

☐ relational authority

12. The unemployment rate takes into account ________________________.

Select only one.

☐ all people who do not work for pay

☐ only people who are actively looking for a job

☐ all people between the ages of 18 and 65

☐ only males with a high school degree or higher level of education

13. Describe the differences between power and authority.
Type  answer here

14. Define and compare the concepts of a profession and an occupation.

Define profession:

Type answer here

Define occupation:

Type answer here

Compare:

Type answer here

 

Reflection
Reflect on this week’s readings regarding crime policies and “Get Tough on Crime” measures to help you respond to the question below. You may choose to respond in writing or by recording a video!

As a future healthcare professional, reflect on your thoughts regarding the punishment of drug offenders. Should these individuals be treated or incarcerated?

Endothermic Exothermic Reaction

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  1. Module 12

    Virtual Lab – Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

     

    Many chemical reactions give off energy. Chemical reactions that release energy are called exothermic reactions. Some chemical reactions absorb energy and are called endothermic reactions. In this lab, you will study various reactions using a calorimeter to determine if they are exothermic or endothermic and determine the heat of reaction (ΔHrxn) for each.

     

    OBJECTIVES

    In this experiment, you will

    · Become familiar with using a virtual calorimeter to determine whether a reaction is exothermic or endothermic

    · Interpret calorimeter data using a temperature versus time graph.

    · Calculate the heat of reaction for various chemical reactions

     

    PROCEDURE

     

    Go to: https://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_0media_chem/chem_sim/calorimetry/Calor.php

     

    Click on “Experiment” tab.

     

    Click on “Run Experiment” button (If you wish, you may click on the “Watch Demo” tab)

     

    Part I Potassium Chloride in Water

     

    1. Beneath the beaker on the balance, choose the solid tab.

     

    2. Using the pull-down menu for solids, choose potassium chloride (KCl).

     

    3. Set the mass to be 10.0 g using the slider.

     

    4. Keep the temperature at 20.0 Celsius

     

    5. Click on the “Show ΔH” button.

     

    6. Click NEXT which will take you to the settings beneath the calorimeter.

     

    7. Beneath the calorimeter, choose the liquids tab.

     

    8. Choose water as your liquid.

     

    9. Set the mass to be 150.0 g using the slider.

     

    10. Keep the temperature at 20.0 Celsius

     

    11. Click on the “Show ΔH” button.

    12. Click NEXT which will allow you to start the calorimetric experiment.

     

    13. Under the “Run Experiment” tab, click both “Show Graph View” AND “Show Microscopic View”

     

    14. Click START to begin your calorimetric experiment!

     

    15. The initial temperature was 20.0 degrees; RECORD your final temperature

     

     

    Part II NaOH and HCl Neutralization Reaction

     

    1. Click on the reset button to begin a new experiment. Beneath the beaker on the balance, choose the “Solutions” tab.

     

    2. Using the pull-down menu for solutions, choose sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

     

    3. Set the volume to be 50.0 mL using the slider.

     

    4. Set the molarity to be 1.0 M using the slider.

     

    5. Click on the “Show ΔH” button.

     

    6. Click NEXT which will take you to the settings beneath the calorimeter.

     

    7. Beneath the calorimeter, choose the “solutions” tab.

     

    8. Using the pull-down menu for solutions, choose hydrochloric acid (HCl)

     

    9. Set the volume to be 50.0 mL using the slider.

     

    10. Set the molarity to be 1.0 M using the slider.

     

    11. Click on the “Show ΔH” button.

    12. Click NEXT which will allow you to start the calorimetric experiment.

     

    13. Under the “Run Experiment” tab, click both “Show Graph View” AND “Show Microscopic View”

     

    14. Click START to begin your calorimetric experiment!

     

    15. The initial temperature was 20.0 degrees; RECORD your final temperature

     

     

    Part III: Your Turn to Experiment with Your Virtual Calorimeter!

     

    1. Beneath the beaker on the balance, choose the solid tab.

     

    2. Using the pull-down menu for solids, choose a solid of your choice (but not potassium chloride!).

     

    3. Set the mass to be whatever you wish using the slider.

     

    4. Keep the temperature at 20.0 Celsius

     

    5. Click on the “Show ΔH” button.

     

    6. Click NEXT which will take you to the settings beneath the calorimeter.

     

    7. Beneath the calorimeter, choose the liquids tab.

     

    8. Choose water as your liquid.

     

    9. Set the mass to be whatever you wish using the slider.

     

    10. Keep the temperature at 20.0 Celsius

     

    11. Click on the “Show ΔH” button.

    12. Click NEXT which will allow you to start the calorimetric experiment.

     

    13. Under the “Run Experiment” tab, click both “Show Graph View” AND “Show Microscopic View”

     

    14. Click START to begin your calorimetric experiment!

     

    15. The initial temperature was 20.0 degrees; RECORD your final temperature.

     

    16. Take a SCREEN SHOT of your completed experiment (and include it on Question 6 of the Post Lab Assignment)

Review Josh’s Recorded Video Of His Intake Interview With Therapist Dr. Amy Wenzel

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CNL-605: Biopsychosocial Assessment Template

 

Client’s Name: Enter client’s name here. Date: Select or enter the date here.
DOB: Select or enter the client’s DOB here. Age: Enter the client’s age here.
Start Time: Enter the start time here. End Time: Enter the end time here.

 

 

Identifying Information:

 

 

[Enter client’s identifying information here.]

 

 

Presenting Problem/Chief Complaint:

 

 

[Enter client’s presenting problem/chief complaint here.]

 

 

Substance Use History:

 

 

[Enter client’s substance use history here.]

 

 

 

Addictions (i.e., gambling, pornography, video gaming):

 

 

[Enter client’s addictions here.]

 

 

Medical History/Mental Health History/Hospitalizations:

 

 

[Enter client’s medical history, mental health history, and/or hospitalizations here.]

 

 

Abuse/Trauma History:

 

 

[Enter client’s abuse/trauma history here.]

 

 

Social History and Resources:

 

 

[Enter client’s social history and resources here.]

 

 

Legal History:

 

 

[Enter client’s legal history here.]

 

 

 

Educational History:

 

 

[Enter client’s identifying information here.]

 

 

Family History:

 

 

[Enter client’s family history here.]

 

 

Cultural Factors:

 

 

[Enter client’s cultural factors here.]

 

 

Resources, Strengths, and Weaknesses:

 

 

[Enter client’s resources, strengths, and weaknesses here.]

 

 

Case Conceptualization (Conceptualize the case using your preferred theoretical orientation):

 

[Enter your case conceptualization here.]

 

 

Clinical Justification:

 

 

[Enter your clinical justification here.]

 

 

Initial Diagnosis (DSM-5):

Principal Diagnosis: ICD-10 Code: DSM-5 Disorder: Subtypes: Specifiers:
         
         
Provisional Diagnosis: ICD-10 Code: DSM-5 Disorder: Subtypes: Specifiers:
         
         

 

Initial Treatment Goals Informed by Theoretical Orientation (SMART Goal Format):

Goal # 1:
Objectives: Interventions: Target Date:
1.    
2.    
Goal # 2:
Objectives: Interventions: Target Date:
1.    
2.    

 

Student Clinician’s Name: Enter your name here. Date: Select or enter the date here.

 

 

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