Formulate the appropriate null and alternative hypothesis for the following situations

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Formulate the appropriate null and alternative hypothesis for the following situations:
a)Junk Email, Inc. Advertises that 63.4{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} of its materials are read by the recipients. An environmental group, concerned about waste generation, wants to test this claim.
b) Healthy Chemicals Inc. Boasts that 4 out of 5 doctors prefer their medications. You doubt this claim and decide to test it.
2-Suppose we have to run a test and reject the null hypothesis at 1{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} significance level. Without making calculations can we say that we’ll reject it at 5{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} significance levels? Support your answers with a graph.
3-fill in the information indicating the correct decisions, type I and II errors, corresponding probabilities alpha and beta and the power of the test
A researcher accepts (fails to reject ho)
Ho is true
Ho is wrong
A researcher rejects Ho
Ho is true
Ho is wrong
4- According to Wall Street Journal an employee in a large corporation receives an average of 41.7 emails per day. Needless to say, most of such emails are unimportant and ever distractive. In an effort to reduce email flow, one company established a prority list that all employees are to follow. One month after this list was put into place, a random sample of 45 employees showed that they were receiving an average of 36.2 emails per day. From IT experts, it is known that the standard deviation is 18.5. Has the new policy had any effect? Use 5{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} significance level.
5-Manager of Medicine Hat Community Center claims that the most members are younger than 30 years olf. Having attended to a couple of the Center’s activities, you doubt that this claim is correct. You approach 25 people on random and ask their ages. You have found that the mean age of those people was 37 with the standard deviation of 22 years. Does the data support the managers claim that most members are young? Use 5{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} significance level

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abnormal psychology

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Students are expected to do an in-depth study of the professional literature related to a specific topic in the field of abnormal psychology. The major purpose of this paper is for you to describe, in your own words, your understanding of what you have read in the literature. Correct use of APA style is an essential part of the paper.

Write a research paper of 5 pages (double spaced) on any topic of interest in the area of abnormal behavior. Your paper needs to include reference to our textbook and at least four to six (4-6) full-text peer reviewed journals or books (i.e.: American Journal of Psychiatry, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Psychological Bulletin, etc…). WIKIPEDIA is not an acceptable reference. . Writing well is critical.
Instructions for Writing the Research Paper:

Length: The body of your essay should be five (5) pages. Add three (3) pages: 1) title page, 2) abstract, and 3) references. If figures and graphs are included in an appendix the paper should not exceed 10 pages. Late papers will not be accepted. Follow APA style.

Topic and Content: Your paper may be about any topic that interests you in the field of abnormal behavior. However, it must include a scholarly review of the theoretical and empirical literature on your topic and present a biopsychosocial perspective.

Suggested databases:
National University: http://library.nu. edu/FindResources/ ResourceFinder.cfm
Medline (National Library of Medicine): http://gateway.nlm. nih.gov/gw/Cmd
PubMed: http://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/
National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine: http://nccam.nih. gov/ (produced by the National Institute of Health)

Research Paper (8-10 pages) should include: a) title page, b) abstract page, c) introductory paragraph that presents your topic and a summary of the literature you will review in the body of your paper, d) body of the paper that includes an in-depth review of literature that shows a sophisticated understanding of the concepts you present and explains, supports, interprets, analyzes, and discusses your original conclusions, e) a discussion section that summarizes your research findings, interpretations, and original conclusions, f) reference page, and g) appendix with graphs and/or drawings (optional).

Format: Submit your paper as a Microsoft Word document using: Times New Roman font, 12-point type, double spacing, and 1 inch margins. Number pages in the upper right hand corner. Note: Insert a running head as your header opposite the page number.

Submit: Research Paper to the Dropbox by September 18, 2011.
Grading Criteria for the Research Paper:

Content and Discussion (35 points): Does the student demonstrate a thorough knowledge about the topic and concepts utilized in the course and subject matter? Does the student cite references appropriately and document important points?

Critical Thinking (35 points): Does the student show insight, creativity, and demonstrate critical thinking? Does the student review and analyze published data or is the paper simply a description or recitation of the data?
Presentation (30 points): Are all of the components of the paper present (title page, thesis statement, literature review, conclusion, reference page)? Does the paper follow APA format including clarity of expression, sentence structure, spelling, grammar, neatness, punctuation, organization, etc…?

Explain the relation between muscles, ATP energy, and the calcium ion.

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Part 1

Explain the relation between muscles, ATP energy, and the calcium ion.

Your responses should be a minimum of 2 3 paragraphs

Provided an in depth explanation or analysis of subject or topic. 4
Used a clear, logical and organized line of reasoning. 4
Provided adequate justification and evidence that support the opinion expressed. 4
Used clear and understandable language with no grammar and spelling mistakes. 2
Used vocabulary relevant to the current and previous weeks topics at least five terms. 2

Part 11

A freshman studying medicine at an Ivy League College is a part of his class crew team and exercises regularly. After a particularly strenuous exercise session, he experiences severe cramps in his thighs and pain in his biceps.

  • Explain the chemical process that occurred in his muscle cells to cause this discomfort.
  • Explain the chemical reactions that have possibly taken place in his body after the exercise.
  • Discuss possible treatments for the freshman and how the treatment works chemically.
Explained the chemical process that occurs in his muscle cells to cause this discomfort. 4
Explained the chemical reactions that have possibly taken place in his body after the exercise. 8
Discussed the possible treatments for the freshman and the how the treatment works chemically. 8
Submitted on time using correct grammar and spelling. 2

memory functions of the prefrontal cortex

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I need to understand the memory functions of the prefrontal cortex

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JOURNALOFNEUROPHYSIOLOGY Vol. 6 1, No. 2. February 1989. Printed in U&4. Mnemonic Coding of Visual Space in the Monkey’s Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex SHINTARO FUNAHASHI, CHARLES J. BRUCE, AND PATRICIA S. GOLDMAN-RAKIC Section of Neuroanatomy, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1. An oculomotor delayed-response task was used to examine the spatial memory functions of neurons in primate prefrontal cortex. Monkeys were trained to fixate a central spot during a brief presentation (0.5 s) of a peripheral cue and throughout a subsequent delay period (l-6 s), and then, upon the extinction of the fixation target, to make a saccadic eye movement to where the cue had been presented. Cues were usually presented in one of eight different locations separated by 45O. This task thus requires monkeys to direct their gaze to the location of a remembered visual cue, controls the retinal coordinates of the visual cues, controls the monkey’s oculomotor behavior during the delay period, and also allows precise measurement of the timing and direction of the relevant behavioral responses. 2. Recordings were obtained from 288 neurons in the prefrontal cortex within and surrounding the principal sulcus (PS) while monkeys performed this task. An additional 31 neurons in the frontal eye fields (FEF) region within and near the anterior bank of the arcuate sulcus were also studied. 3. Of the 288 PS neurons, 170 exhibited task-related activity during at least one phase of this task and, of these, 87 showed significant excitation or inhibition of activity during the delay period relative to activity during the inter-trial interval. 4. Delay period activity was classified as div~tional for 79{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} of these 87 neurons in that significant responses only occurred following cues located over a certain range of visual field directions and were weak or absent for other cue directions. The remaining 2 1{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} were omnidirectional, i.e., showed comparable…

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