What principal features of the U.S. health care system helped or hindered      the enactment of federal health reform in March 2010?

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Health Care Reform
After much public and political debate, in March 2010, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) was signed into law by President Barack Obama. The PPACA is one of many health care reform efforts that have sought to correct key features of the U.S. health care system such as financing, service delivery, and care coordination. This week, you will examine the passage of PPACA as a milestone along the historical continuum of health care reform in the United States.

To prepare:

Review      this week’s Learning Resources and media presentation, reflecting on the      evolution of health care in the United States and the public’s response to      health care reform efforts historically and currently.
Consider:      What principal features of the U.S. health care system helped or hindered      the enactment of federal health reform in March 2010? What challenges were      encountered?
How      do these conditions and/or challenges reflect characteristics of the      policy process and the political environment?

By tomorrow Wednesday 02/28/18 4pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:
Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Analyze at least one important feature of the U.S. health care system that is of particular interest to you. Explain why you think this feature is significant in terms of health policy and reform.

2) Describe one or more conditions or challenges specifically related to the passing of the PPACA. Explain how this exemplifies the nature of the policy-making process and

3)  Evaluate how it could relate to the question of why health reform in the United States has been so difficult.

Required Readings

Bodenheimer, T., & Grumbach, K. (2016). Understanding health policy: A clinical approach (7th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Medical.
Chapter 1, “Introduction: The Paradox of Excess and Deprivation”
This chapter introduces the concept of “excess and deprivation”—people receiving either too little or too much health care, which contributes to the weakness of the health care system.
Chapter 2, “Paying for Health Care”
This chapter discusses the evolution of health care financing, including out-of–pocket payments, individual private insurance, employment-based insurance, and government-financed insurance.
Chapter 3, “Access to Health Care”
This chapter focuses on financial and nonfinancial barriers to health care and concludes with influences to one’s health status unrelated to health care.
Chapter 4, “Paying Health Care Providers”
This chapter provides information on how physicians and hospitals are paid.

HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). Understanding the Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/rights/index.html
Posted by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, this article provides an introduction to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (PPACA).

HealthCare.gov. (n.d.). Understanding the Affordable Care Act: About the law. Retrieved from http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/rights/law/index.html
Also posted by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, this article focuses on specific provisions of the law and outlines how it will increase access to affordable health coverage.

In Week 1 of this course, you are required to subscribe to one of the health information services listed below. In preparation, review these different sites:

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2010). AHRQ PSNet Patient Safety Network. Retrieved from http://psnet.ahrq.gov/

ModernHealthcare.com. (n.d.). Registration is free: The news is invaluable. Retrieved from https://home.modernhealthcare.com/clickshare/addAccountFree.do

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. (2011). Publications and research. Retrieved from http://www.rwjf.org/?topicid=1318

The Commonwealth Fund. (2010). The Commonwealth Fund. Retrieved from http://www.commonwealthfund.org/

The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. (2011). New & noteworthy. Retrieved from http://www.kff.org/

Required Media

Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Healthcare policy and advocacy: The policy process. Baltimore: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 11 minutes.
In this media presentation, Dr. Kominski and Dr. Zelman discuss the policy process and provide an overview of the influence of policy on health care practices. Dr. Zelman also discusses the challenges of passing new policy and relates this to health care reform efforts.Bottom of Form

As a nurse manager, what questions might you have about HR’s role?

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The Role of HR in Health Care Settings

Janet has been working as a nurse manager for a little over six months. Since she took this position, nurses have asked her a variety of questions related to paid leave, health insurance coverage, retirement plans, and other important issues. Each new question causes Janet to wonder whether she is providing her staff with sufficient information. Janet realizes that she needs help answering these questions, and she is curious to see if she can enlist the assistance of someone in the Human Resources department. Despite her experience as a nurse and as a nurse manager, Janet is not sure what kind of support HR can provide, nor how and when she should request their help.  Nurse managers may be uncertain about the roles that HR plays in health care organizations. In addition, many managers are unclear about how HR can support them with the staff function of their managerial responsibilities. As a nurse manager, what questions might you have about HR’s role? Furthermore, how have your previous experiences impacted your perceptions?  To prepare •Reflect upon the role HR has played in your current organization or one with which you are familiar. What interactions have you noticed between HR professionals and other staff in this setting? How do these interactions compare to those of nurse managers and staff that you have observed? •Complete the media survey, “Survey on HR,” found in this week’s Learning Resources. Though this survey is not graded, take careful note of the questions asked and the correct answers. •Review Chapter 1, “The New Human Resource Management Process” in the course text, Human Resource Management: Functions, Applications, & Skill Development, as well as this week’s media, “Introduction to Healthcare Human Resource Management.” •Consider how your perceptions of HR are similar to or different from the roles of HR described in the Learning Resources. How does the role of HR differ from that of a nurse manager?

Post a description of your media survey experience, including your survey results and your reactions to the survey. Explain at least two perceptions that you held regarding the role of HR compared to the role of the nurse manager. Describe how these perceptions were similar to or different from the roles outlined in the Learning Resources. Without identifying individuals or organizations, support your response by briefly describing experiences that may have influenced your perceptions.

Learning Resources   Required Readings  Lussier, R. N., & Hendon, J. R. (2016). Human resource management: Functions, applications, & skill development (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.     •Chapter 1, “The New Human Resource Management Process” (pp. 2–38) Chapter 1 provides an introduction to human resource management (HRM). It overviews the various disciplines of HRM, as well as the roles and skills that HRM professionals fulfill within organizations. This chapter also highlights why line managers should be aware of basic HRM functions.       •Chapter 2, “Strategy-Driven Human Resource Management” (pp. 40–77) This chapter covers the importance of strategic planning and organizational structure. It also overviews organizational culture and strategic measurement tools.    International Counsel of Nurses. (2011). International Centre for Human Resources in Nursing. Retrieved from http://www.icn.ch/pillarsprograms/international-centre-for-human-resources-in-nursing-ichrn/     The International Centre for Human Resources in Nursing (ICHRN) aims to address common health care challenges such as budget cuts and underemployment of nursing personnel by integrating meaningful data and best practices into health care settings. The ICHRN website provides nurse administrators with an online resource that assists them in HR-based endeavors.    Required Media  Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2006). Survey on HR [Interactive Media]. Baltimore, MD: Author.     Before reading this week’s Learning Resources, take this survey to determine how much you already know about the role of HR. In addition, review this week’s Discussion and think about how you will use the results from this survey in your Discussion posting.

What the most common health issues that affect women in your community?

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What types of differences in health care and maintenance have you noticed between men and women in the clinical setting? How do women’s approaches and behaviors seem to differ from men’s, if at all? When female family members are present, how does their involvement or behavior seem to differ from male family members’ involvement, if at all?
2.  What the most common health issues that affect women in your community? Give and discuss at least two examples.
3.  Why do you think that women tend to go their providers more than men do? Why might women be more comfortable with doctors and healthcare? What types of differences in health care and maintenance have you noticed between men and women in the clinical setting? How do women’s approaches and behaviors seem to differ from men’s, if at all? When female family members are present, how does their involvement or behavior seem to differ from male family members’ involvement, if at all?
What the most common health issues that affect women in your community? Give and discuss at least two examples.
Why do you think that women tend to go their providers more than men do? Why might women be more comfortable with doctors and healthcare?

How are financial statements used to demonstrate the financial health of a health care setting?

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200- 250 words APA format
_____________________________
Budgets, balance sheets, and other accounting tools provide a wealth of information for managers, but only if they know what they are looking at. It is time to learn the language and rules of finance!
To prepare for this Discussion, complete the readings in your Learning Resources. Think about the financial decisions of many health care settings.

Post a comprehensive response to the following:

How might the basic accounting rules under the accrual principle differ for you as an individual (or family) from those applied in a health care setting?
How are financial statements used to demonstrate the financial health of a health care setting? Select three key terms from the chapters (pp. 180 & 206) and explain how those key factors influence financial reporting in health care.
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resources

Introduction to Health Care Economics & Financial Management
Chapter 10, “Basics of Financial Accounting and Reporting”Health care administrators often have to review and interpret financial statements. Financial statements are assessments and indicators of the financial health of an organization. They also reflect the perspective, tax status, and priorities of an organization. Financial statements show the impact of decisions made by leadership. In this chapter, you will review a brief history of financial accounting, regulation, and other accounting concepts. You will review the financial statements of the nonprofit SouthSide Hospital in this chapter and in Chapter 11.

Chapter 11, “Basic Financial Analysis”In this chapter, income statements and balance sheets from nonprofit SouthSide Hospital are used to enhance the health care professional’s ability to analyze a health care settings financial performance. Various methods for financial statement analysis and operating analysis are presented.
Donal, B., & Cebenoyna, F. (2007). Alternative evidence on financial analysts’ use of financial statement information. Review of Accounting & Finance, 442. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases: http://search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/215633746/fulltextPDF/CE74F497BFCF455DPQ/13?accountid=14872
Murty, A. V. N., & Misra, D. P. (2004). Cash flow ratios as indicators of corporate failure. Finance India, 18(3), 1315-1325. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases: http://search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/224377843?accountid=14872
Palmer, M., & Sanders, T. B. (2008). Going concern debt rations: is the firm safe? Corporate Finance Review, 13(3), 25-33. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases: http://search.proquest.com.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/docview/198761845?accountid=14872