Explain how public policy has shaped the development of the U.S. healthcare system

Assignment 2: Religious Health
Care
Due Week 8 and worth 200 points
Religious Health Care
operates in a community of 225,000, called Middleville. Summary statistics on
Religious and its competitors, from the AHA Guide, are shown in Table 1. All of
the organizations in the area are not-for-profit. Although Samaritan Hospital
and Protestant Hospital have religious origins, they now view themselves as
secular, not-for-profit organizations.
Table 1: Middleville Health Care
Systems

Name

Beds

Admissions

Census

OP
Visits

Births

Expenses
(000)

Personnel

Religious

575

13,000

350

221,000

2300

$125,000

2000

Samaritan

380

17,000

260

175,000

1200

$130,000

1875

Protestant

350

10,000

180

40,000

900

$80,000

1200

The
governing board of Religious hired a consulting company to evaluate its
strategic performance. As part of the consultant’s evaluation, several leaders
of Religious’ units were asked their perspective of the organization’s
performance.
You are working for the consultant. Your job is to identify
the issues from the response that should be considered further by the consultant
team and possibly discussed with the governing board and the CEO. The firm has a
rule, “Never offer a criticism or negative finding without suggesting how the
client organization can correct it,” so you must indicate what sort of
correction would be recommended as part of your list. Because you know there
were about two dozen other interviews, you decide you should rank your issues in
importance, to make sure the most critical are discussed.
Write a six to
eight (6-8) page paper in which you:

  1. Describe the five (5) important elements of the governing board’ s agenda
    for areas of improvement in core functions.
  2. Many organizations now use a balanced scorecard or multiple dimensions of
    performance measurement, such as productivity, profit, market trends, quality,
    patient satisfaction, and worker satisfaction. Describe three (3) key
    performance dimensions (other than those mentioned here) and include specific
    measures that Religious Health Care could use to improve overall institutional
    performance.
  3. Determine the performance measures Religious Health Care could use to
    evaluate nursing staff performance in its Emergency Room. Explain the rationale
    for each performance measure.
  4. Suggest the steps that should be taken next by Religious Health Care to get
    better at managing specific patient groups. Explain the rationale for each
    step.
  5. Decide what strategies Religious Health Care could implement to enhance its
    public image and increase market share. Explain the rationale for each
    strategy.
  6. Describe two (2) technology-based data-collection strategies that Religious
    Health Care could use to conduct an internal management audit.
  7. Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar Websites do not
    qualify as quality resources.

Your assignment must follow these
formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch
    margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format.
    Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s
    name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and
    the reference page are not included in the required page length.

The
specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Explain how public policy has shaped the development of the U.S. healthcare
    system.
  • Examine how healthcare management concepts and theories are applied to
    critical issues in healthcare organizations.
  • Analyze the critical management issues, purpose, functions, and performance
    measures of different departments within healthcare organizations.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in health
    services organization management.
  • Write clearly and concisely about health services organization management
    using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be
based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and
writing skills, using the following rubric.
Click here to view the grading rubric.

Calculate the per capita usage of physician services in Canada

A model of the determinants of health combines three economic variables and two economic relationships.
For instance, the three economic variables are:
The amount a patient pays for a visit to a physiotherapist (P);
The number of times the patient visits the physiotherapist (V); and
The length of time it takes the patient to recover from a rotator cuff (shoulder)
injury (D) (max. = 365 days).
The two economic relationships are:
The number of visits (V) = 18 – $0.09 (P).

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(1)
A model of the determinants of health combines three economic variables and two economic relationships.
For instance, the three economic variables are:
The amount a patient pays for a visit to a physiotherapist (P);
The number of times the patient visits the physiotherapist (V); and
The length of time it takes the patient to recover from a rotator cuff (shoulder)
injury (D) (max. = 365 days).
The two economic relationships are:
The number of visits (V) = 18 – $0.09 (P).
In other words, if the price is zero, the patient will make 18 visits in order to receive treatment for this injury. If the price is $200, the patient will make zero visits.
The number of days to recover (365 – D).
In this case, the number of healthy days (D) in the next year will be 180 + 5V. If the number of visits is zero, the patient will have 180 healthy days and it will take 185 (365 – 180) days to recover from the rotator cuff injury. If the number of visits is 18, the patient will have 270 [180 + 5(18)] healthy days, and the time to recover from the injury will be 95 days (365 – 270).
Use the above information to determine the relationship between price and health status in this model. In other words, solve for D and for P, and set up two equations: one showing the value of D in terms of P; and one showing the value of P in terms of D. Once you have determined the two equations, provide an interpretation of each equation.
(2). Year Population of Canada Physicians in Canada Physician Services (thousands)
2002 31,577,000 56,080 520,800
2003 31,988,700 58,230 558,500
2004 32,509,000 59,850 570,200
2005 33,037,000 60,925 589,300
a. Calculate the number of physicians, per thousand population in Canada, from 2002 to 2005. What conclusions can be drawn about the physician coverage of Canada’s population?
b. Calculate the per capita usage of physician services in Canada for each of the above four years, and determine the…

Is health care a luxury?

Part 1 (3-4 pages) Please Cite References
A mother brings her daughter into the emergency room during an asthma attack. Though both of her parents work, they cannot afford medical insurance for themselves or her. They also earn too much money to qualify for state or federal aid. She is treated with medication for her asthma attack at the hospital and she and her mother leave. Two weeks later, they return to the hospital in a virtually identical scenario.
In a 3-4 page paper, consider the following questions and explain your position of the issues:
Do you think that this girl is receiving adequate care?
Should she be able to see a primary-care physician before her condition gets so acute that she must visit the ER?
Should everyone be entitled to a basic minimum of health care or to the exact same health care?
Do you think that health care is a right? If so, is everyone forced to honor this right?
Is this right relative or universal?
Does this right exist because of the wealth of the United States, or is it applicable everywhere?
Is health care a luxury?
Does having money entitle a person to better health care?

Part 2 (3-4 paragraphs) Please Cite References
Respondeat superior is a legal concept that deals with the liability of a health care organization. It states that an employer may be liable for the actions of its employee and, in some cases, for the wrongful acts the employee performed.
Discuss the following:
What 2 legal elements must be present for the employer to be considered liable for an employee’s wrongful act(s)?
Give an example of a situation in which an assisted-living facility might be liable for the actions of one of its employees for a wrongful act he or she committed.
Note: Your example must exemplify both components of liability previously identified.

health care in the state of Maryland

To continue the discussion about health care in the state of Maryland, we will discuss this week on how it is delivered. The State of Maryland is unique in that hospital rates (the cost charged for each patient admitted into a Maryland hospital) are governed by the Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission (HSCRC). Other state’s rates are driven by what the market will bear and the prices charged are what the hospitals set themselves for the services they provide.

For example, “When a patient arrives at Bayonne Hospital Center in New Jersey requiring treatment for the respiratory ailment known as COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, she faces an official price tag of $99,690. Less than 30 miles away in the Bronx, N.Y., the Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center charges only $7,044 for the same treatment, according to a massive federal database of national health care costs.” (Boice, Bycoffe and Scheinkman, 2013. Huffington Post, Hospital Prices No Longer Secret As New Data Reveals Bewildering System, Staggering Cost Differences.http://huffingtonpost.com/2013/05/08/hospital-prices-cost-differences_n_3232678.html). These inflated costs are also used for negotiating discounts with private insurance companies (Medicare and Medicaid rates are set for each diagnosis).

With Maryland’s rates being set by the HSCRC, the cost of insurance here is among the cheapest in the country. Health plans that will operate on the new health exchanges created under the federal reforms will charge among the lowest premiums of any state.

Maryland is not the only state that has implemented rate setting. New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Washington and West Virginia all experimented with rate setting in the past as well. However, these states have since discontinued.

Given the success Maryland has found in providing lower health care cost, (based on the readings and your research) why do you think these states did not continue with regulating hospital rate setting?

Could price controls work nationwide? Should the federal government impose mandates on all states to have a state agency such as the HSCRC in Maryland to regulate their hospital rates? Please be specific with your reasons for why or why not and show justification from your research.

What could be the negative effects of each state’s rates being regulated as it relates to patient care?

Below is supplemental reading to this week’s discussion:

http://commonwealthfund.org/~/media/Files/Publications/Issue{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119}20Brief/2009/Oct/1332_Atkinson_state_hospital_ratesetting_revisited_1015.pdf

http://marylandhbe.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Analysis-of-Individual-Market-Rates-for-Health-Plans-on-Maryland-Health-Connection.pdf

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Q- 2

The Maryland Health Care Commission regulates health care in the State of Maryland. As you will note from the second assigned reading, it is comprised of 5 Centers who are very distinct. Please list out one service from each of the 5 Centers that you would find helpful as a health care administrator and why (be specific). FYI – you will have 5 separate services upon completion of this exercise.

For example, as a health care administrator (in a hospital), I am interested in adding a new service line and need to obtain a Certificate of Need. In order to obtain this Certificate of Need, I will work with the Center for Hospital Services to find out what I need to do in order to facilitate this process.

Please also see the following link for information about Maryland Certificate of Need.

http://mhcc.maryland.gov/consumerinfo/hospitalguide/practitioners/other_information/overview_of_maryland_regulatory_system_for_hospital_oversight.html

-minimum 200 words Maximum 400 words for each question.