Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient’s anorexia and cachexia

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Question 16.16. A patient who has a diagnosis of lung cancer is scheduled to begin radiation treatment. The NP providing pretreatment education is explaining some of the potential unwanted effects of the treatment. Which of the following statements by the nurse is most accurate? (Points : 3)“Some patients experience longer-term irritation of skin adjacent to the treatment site.”“Sometimes you might find that your blood takes longer to clot than normal.”“The changes that you might see are normally irreversible.”“The unwanted effects will be limited to the exposed portions of your skin.”Question 17.17. The family of a 68-year-old man who is in the end stages of small cell lung cancer is distraught at his visible body wasting that has worsened in recent weeks. Which of the following phenomena best accounts for the patient’s anorexia and cachexia? (Points : 3)Inadequate cellular metabolism of glucose results from tumor factorsHigh fat losses coupled with preservation of muscle mass exaggerate the appearance of wastingProducts of the tumor itself as well as a hypermetabolic state cause cachexiaInadequate food intake due to symptoms and treatment results in loss of both muscle and fatQuestion 18.18. The nurse practitioner is seeing a client who has an acute exacerbation of Crohn’s disease. The NP recognizes the fact that the disease involves the inflammation and irritation of the intestinal lining. Which of the following types of tissue is most likely involved in the patient’s pathology? (Points : 3)Simple columnar epitheliumGlandular epitheliumSimple cuboidal eptheliumStratified epithelium Question 19.19. Which of the following pregnant women has most likely encountered the greatest increase in the risk that her child will have a fetal anomaly? (Points : 3)A woman with diagnoses of syphilis and cirrhosis of the liverA woman who has herpes simplex and recently recovered from endocarditisA woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary syndrome and tuberculosisA woman with diagnoses of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy

Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes underlies the nurse’s teaching?

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A male patient of a nurse practitioner has an autosomal dominant disorder. The patient and his partner are considering starting a family. Which of the patient’s following statements indicates the patient has an adequate understanding of the genetic basis of this health problem? (Points : 3)“I know there’s no way of accurately determining the chance that my child will inherit the disease.”“My children who don’t have the disease still run the risk of passing it on to their children.”“I know that new genetic mutations won’t occur between generations.”“I know that a single mutant allele is to blame for the health problem.”Question 11.11. As part of an orientation to a genetic counseling practice, a group of medical students is differentiating between autosomal recessive disorders and autosomal dominant disorders. Which of the following statements is true of autosomal recessive disorders? (Points : 3)They can manifest when present in one or both gene pairs.There is a one in two chance of an affected child in each pregnancy with an affected mother.They tend to have a more uniform symptomatology than autosomal dominant disorders.The associated disorders are usually attributable to abnormalities in structural proteins.Question 12.12. The nurse practitioner working in occupational health has been asked to speak to a group of factory workers about the importance of wearing gloves when working with strong chemicals such as turpentine and paint thinner. Which of the following characteristics of cell membranes underlies the nurse’s teaching? (Points : 3)Cell membranes are impermeable to all but lipid-soluble substances.Cell membranes have lipids that have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail.Cell membranes contain receptors for hormones and biologically active substances.Transmembrane proteins can pass through the cell membrane into the intracellular environment.Question 13.13. The NP is providing care for a 21-year-old female patient with gas gangrene of a compound fracture in her arm. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse most reasonably expect to find when caring for a patient with a diagnosis of gas gangrene? (Points : 3)Inflammation of the affected tissueA positive culture for StaphylococcusSpreading edemaImpaired alveolar gas exchange Question 14.14. A community health nurse practitioner is teaching a group of female high school students about the importance of regular Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. The nurse recognizes that which of the following items underlies the rationale for this teaching? (Points : 3)The active substitution of normal cells in the cervix correlates to cancer risk.Undifferentiated stem cells are an early indicator of cervical cancer.Cancer of the uterine cervix develops incrementally at a cellular level.Dysplasia in the connective tissue of the cervix is a strong precursor to cancer.Question 15.15. Which target of both chemotherapy and radiation treatment accounts for adverse as well as therapeutic effects? (Points : 3)Cell-surface receptorsCirculating hormone levelsBlood vesselsRapidly proliferating cells

the process of cell differentiation

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MN551 Unit 5 Mid Term Latest 2017/MN551 Unit 5 Mid Term Latest 2017

Question 1.1. A student nurse practitioner asks her preceptor about the origins of different tissues, and their cellular origins during the process of development. Which of the following statements by the preceptor best describes the process of cell differentiation? (Points : 3)“Cells of the hematopoietic system produce the appropriate body cells that are required at each stage of development.”“A single stem cell differentiates into approximately 200 different types of cells.”“A fertilized ovum undergoes a series of divisions, yielding many different cell types.”“Cells differentiate into necessary body cells, peaking after conception, and ceasing near the time of birth.”Question 2.2. A 77-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of stomach cancer has been found to have metastases in his liver. The patient and his family are surprised at this turn of events, stating that they don’t see how he could have developed cancer in his liver. Which of the following facts would underlie the reply that the care team provides? (Points : 3)The parenchymal tissue of the liver is particularly susceptible to secondary malignancies.The portal circulatory system brings venous blood from the gastrointestinal tract into the liver.Hepatic stromal tissue shares characteristics with cancerous cells, including lack of anchorage dependence.The proximity of the liver to the stomach allows for direct spread of cancerous cells due to a lack of contact inhibition.Question 3.3. The NP is teaching a group of older adults about the value of including foods containing antioxidants in their diet. Which of the following statements best captures the rationale underlying the NPs advice?(Points : 3)Antioxidants inhibit the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS).Antioxidants prevent the formation of superoxide dismutase.Antioxidants react nonspecifically with molecules.Antioxidants prevent the occurrence of cell dysplasia. Question 4.4. The nurse practitioner is providing care for a patient with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, and he notes that the patient’s sclerae are jaundiced. The nurse practitioner recalls that jaundice is caused by excess accumulation of bilirubin, a pigment that can accumulate in which part of the cell? (Points : 3)NucleusCytoplasmGolgi apparatusRough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Question 5.5. Which of the following patients of a primary care nurse practitioner would not require extra screening for cancer? (Points : 3)A 51-year-old woman whose grandmother died of breast cancerA 48-year-old man who takes immunosuppressant drugs following a kidney transplantA 50-year-old male who is obese and has a low-fiber, high-fat dietA 38-year-old female with Down syndrome and congenital scoliosisQuestion 6.6. A new older female patient at a long-term care facility has a diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF-1). As part of the intake assessment protocol for the facility, the clinical educator is teaching the care staff about the diagnosis. Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of neurofibromatosis? (Points : 3)“The neurofibroma lesions are unsightly for the patient, but they are not painful.“Her diagnosis puts her at higher risk of developing a malignant neoplasm.”“She is living with an example of an autosomal recessive disorder.”“The patient is likely to be photosensitive as a result of the disease.”Question 7.7. A child possesses a trait that is the result of the interaction of two different genes, neither of which could have produced the trait independently. Which of the following explanations best captures the genetic explanation for this? (Points : 3)The trait is an expression of multiple alleles.Epistasis has dictated the phenotypic outcome.The phenomenon is an example of polygenic inheritance.The outcome is the result of the interaction between collaborative genes.Question 8.8. Which of the following statements most accurately conveys an aspect of cell injury due to impaired calcium homeostasis? (Points : 3)Normal intracellular calcium ion levels are higher than extracellular levels.Ischemia and certain toxins cause a decrease in cytosolic calcium.Injured cells tend to accumulate calcium.Low calcium levels cause an activation of damaging enzymes.Question 9.9. A group of researchers has identified that the prevalence of two particular genetic disorders share a statistical correlation. Which of the following statements best conveys the genetic rationale for this situation? (Points : 3)There is likely a cause-and-effect relationship between the two genes responsible.The chromosomes containing each gene are likely closely situated.The genes causing each disorder are likely in the same section of the same chromosome.The disorders likely share the same locus

What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning?

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What are the symptoms of alcohol poisoning? What are the long-term and short-term effects of alcohol on bodily functions?

Answers in explanation.

For alcohol poisoning, it an acute condition obtained by drinking high concentrations of alcohol in a short period of time. If this happened in a party and everyone is drinking, it will be very hard to notice this.

The symptoms for alcohol poisoning are the following: possibly a seizure (a person shakes violently for no good reason), vomiting (although sometimes considered normal in a drinking event), loss of consciousness (not reacting and waking up to any stimuli like a slap to the face), and very slow respiration like 8 breaths and below in a minute (1 respiration count is 1 inhale and 1 exhale) because the alcohol suppressed the medulla oblangata from performing its functions in stimulating the lungs and the intercostal muscles properly.

(note: if you are very drunk like the one who has been poisoned, it may be unlikely you could count correctly or notice the difference between really drunk and really poisoned so it will be very wise to have someone who is sober to count the respiration and the common sense to call the emergency hotline in their country).

For short term effects of alcohol on the body, it would be nausea (feeling dizzy), removal of various character inhibitions (rule breaking) and vomiting. For long term effects of alcohol, we have psychological dependence where the body will not function normally if alcohol is not ingested, psychosis can also develop where the alcoholic develops violent fits of rage and paranoia, hand tremors also become common because of vitamin b deficiency and liver damage which may lead to liver cancer.