Explain at least two ways the prefrontal and ventral striatum neural regions are associated with executive functions in emotional situations.

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Farrar and Montgomery discuss executive functioning and memory development (2015), you learned about factors that influence brain development. For this assignment, you will build upon that knowledge by further investigating how the brain learns. Remember that working memory, attention, and executive functions are interconnected and are crucial to the learning process. This includes the ability for a child to pay attention, demonstrate inhibitory control, and goal-directed behavior. Children may possess varying degrees of each of these functions, but they work together to create cognitive control and flexibility. For this assignment, you will assume the role of a professional development coordinator for your state’s early childhood programs and develop a flyer titled “How the Brain Learns” that informs families about the role of working memory, attention, and executive function in learning and development. You may develop your flyer using Microsoft Word or Microsoft Publisher. Before completing this assignment, review the Week Two Instructor Guidance for additional information, resources, and support. Additionally, review the Grading Rubric for this assignment to understand how you will be evaluated and contact your instructor using the “Ask Your Instructor” discussion before the due date with questions.

 

In the “How the Brain Learns” flyer, include separate sections that address each of the following:

 

Key Words (1 point): Define working memory, attention, and executive functions.

 

Relationship Among Executive Functions (1 point): Using examples, discuss the relationship among the three core executive functions (i.e., working memory, inhibitory control, and set-shifting).

 

Development of Executive Functions: Using examples, discuss how the three core executive functions develop from infancy through age 8.

Executive Functions and Role: Examine the role the three core executive functions play in learning and development. For each of the functions, provide a specific example to support your examination.

 

Neural Regions and Executive Functions: Explain at least two ways the prefrontal and ventral striatum neural regions are associated with executive functions in emotional situations.

 

Delayed Gratification: Using examples, discuss at least two different factors that influence young children’s willingness to delay gratification.

 

Environmental Influences: Using examples, explain at least three environmental influences that impact executive functioning and memory.

 

Training of Executive Functions: Discuss at least two specific ways to help executive functions in children in the classroom.

 

Flyer Design: Incorporates at least three images or graphics that are related to the content of the flyer.

 

Length: Flyer must be at least 2 pages in length.

 

Source Requirement: Reference two scholarly sources in addition to the text. All sources included in the References list must be cited in the content of the flyer.

 

APA Formatting: Use APA formatting consistently throughout the assignment, which includes citations in the body of the assignment, the title page, and references list.

 

Syntax and Mechanics: Display meticulous comprehension and organization of syntax and mechanics, such as spelling and grammar.

Compare and contrast the health care services provided under Medicare versus Medicaid

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Assignment #2

 

The costs for health care have risen dramatically and are expected to continue to rise. While Medicare is a public insurance program that provides coverage to almost everyone who is 65 and older, it only covers a portion of health care expenses. In fact, the authors of your textbook note that “if current trends continue, by 2030 half of those aged 65 and older will spend more than 25{0e601fc7fe3603dc36f9ca2f49ef4cd268b5950ef1bbcf1f795cc00e94cdd119} of their income on medical bills and insurance premiums” (Markson & Stein, 2012).

After reading Chapter 11 in your textbook and watching “Aging America and Healthcare Reform,” please address each of the following:

  1. Compare and contrast the services provided to older individuals under Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B.
  2. Compare and contrast the health care services provided under Medicare versus Medicaid. Be sure to address how each program is funded, what they cover, who qualifies for them, and what role each plays in paying for health care of the elderly population.
  3. Discuss the current funding for Medicare and why there is debate regarding the program.
  4. What changes (if any) do you think that there will be in the Medicare program over the next 20 years?
  5. Do you believe that the eligibility requirements should be changed in order to receive the health services provided by Medicare? Why or why not?

Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.

Link for video:  https://secure.films.com/OnDemandEmbed.aspx?Token=10675&aid=18596&loid=20368&Plt=FOD&w=320&h=240&ref=

Discuss how death has been bureaucratized and what that means in terms of the experience of dying for the elderly and their families

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Medicare and Death

 Assignment #1

 

The process of dying has become increasingly bureaucratized in that hospitals and long-term care facilities have made the handling of death a routine. In addition, the preparation of the deceased’s body for burial has also been allotted to funeral directors rather than the family of the deceased.

 

Please address the following:

  1. Discuss how death has been bureaucratized and what that means in terms of the experience of dying for the elderly and their families.
  2. What are the sociological factors that have led to this bureaucratization of death?
  3. How has this bureaucratization impacted society?

Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.

 

The process of dying has become increasingly bureaucratized in that hospitals and long-term care facilities have made the handling of death a routine. In addition, the preparation of the deceased’s body for burial has also been allotted to funeral directors rather than the family of the deceased.

 

Please address the following:

  1. Discuss how death has been bureaucratized and what that means in terms of the experience of dying for the elderly and their families.
  2. What are the sociological factors that have led to this bureaucratization of death?
  3. How has this bureaucratization impacted society?

Your initial post should be at least 250 words in length. Support your claims with examples from the required material(s) and/or other scholarly resources, and properly cite any references.

motivational theory and memory acquisition theory to behaviors

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Overview

Write a 2-part assessment in which you apply motivational theory and memory acquisition theory to behaviors. This assessment should be a minimum of 4 pages long.

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

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  • Competency 1: Use information technology and tools to identify information in the domain of biological psychology. 
▪Describe potential changes from human design to consider if building a learning and memory system for a robot.
  • Competency 2: Employ critical and creative thinking to evaluate problems, conflicts, and unresolved issues in the study of biological psychology. 
▪Describe memory acquisition.
  • Competency 4: Assess the important theories, paradigms, research findings, and conclusions in biological psychology.

▪  Identify two common behaviors and hypothesize what might have prompted the behaviors from the perspective of each motivational theory.

▪  Discuss how people apply these different theories to influence behavior.

  • Competency 6: Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.

▪  Write coherently to support a central idea with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics as expected of a
psychology professional.

▪  Use APA style and format.

Context

Motivational Theories 
Motivation refers to the set of factors that initiate, sustain, and direct behaviors. Several motivation theories, including instinct theory, drive theory, incentive theory, and arousal theory have been widely applied in psychological practice where they are linked to other theories. For example, recent attachment theory studies examined the circumstances surrounding motivation and behavior in adolescents. In medical practice, drive theory is combined with neuroendocrine theory to understand the relationship between homeostasis and hunger. Understanding the neurobiology of hunger and appetite may ultimately lead to treatments for obesity and eating disorders. 
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Emotion
Emotion is an increase or decrease in physiological activity that is accompanied by feelings that are characteristic of the emotion and often accompanied by a characteristic behavior or facial expression. According to the James-Lange theory, emotional experience results from the physiological arousal that precedes it, and different emotions are the result of different patterns of arousal. According to Schachter and Singer’s cognitive theory, physiological arousal contributes only

 

to the emotion’s intensity, while the identity of the emotion is based on the cognitive assessment of the situation.

Memory Acquisition

Anterograde amnesia refers to impairment in forming new memories, while retrograde amnesia is the inability to remember events prior to impairment. Anterograde and retrograde amnesia are common learning and memory disorders. They have been linked to damage in certain brain structures, and the severity of amnesia has been linked to the amount of structural damage within the brain. The brain tissues hypothetically responsible for memory and learning include the hippocampus and the amygdala. All memories are not stored in a single area, nor is each memory distributed throughout the brain. Rather, different memories are located in different cortical areas where the information they are based on was processed.

Questions To Consider

To deepen your understanding, you are encouraged to consider the questions below and discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested friend, or a member of the business community.

  • What are your thoughts on the connection between motivation and self-esteem? Is motivation affected by a self- schema? Is motivation affected by self-efficacy?
  • What are your thoughts on the accuracy of found repressed memories from years ago? Are they accurate? Why or why not?
  • 
Resources
  • 
Suggested Resources 
The following optional resources are provided to support you in completing the assessment or to provide a helpful context. For additional resources, refer to the Research Resources and Supplemental Resources in the left navigation menu of your courseroom. 
Library Resources 
The following e-books or articles from the Capella University Library are linked directly in this course:

West, R., & Brown, J. (2013). Theory of addiction (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Tappatà, L. (2013). Beyond well-being: The fascination of risk and of the new psychological addictions . 
Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.

Price, H. O. (Ed.). (2011). Internet addiction . Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers. 
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Course Library Guide 
A Capella University library guide has been created specifically for your use in this course. You are encouraged to refer to the resources in the PSYC-FP4310 – Biological Psychology Library Guide to help direct your research. 
Internet Resources 
Access the following resources by clicking the links provided. Please note that URLs change frequently. Permissions for the following links have been either granted or deemed appropriate for educational use at the time of course publication.

  • Demand Media. (2011). What is aggression: Aggressive behavior? Retrieved from http://www.essortment.com/aggression-aggressive-behavior-36000.html
  • Rocho do Amaral, J., & Martins de Oliveira, J. (n.d.). Limbic system: The center of emotions . Retrieved fromhttp://www.healing-arts.org/n-r-limbic.htm 
▪This site provides an illustrated overview of the neural circuitry and brain areas contained in the limbic system.

 

  • Myers, C. E. (2006). Confabulation . Memory Loss & the Brain . Retrieved from http://www.memorylossonline.com/glossary/confabulation.html

▪ This Web site describes confabulation and its causes. It also provides useful information on memory related injuries and diseases including Alzheimer’s. This site is maintained by Rutgers University as part of its Memory Disorders Project.

Bookstore Resources

The resources listed below are relevant to the topics and assessments in this course and are not required. Unless noted otherwise, these materials are available for purchase from the Capella University Bookstore . When searching the bookstore, be sure to look for the Course ID with the specific –FP (FlexPath) course designation.

  • Garrett, B. (2015). Brain & behavior: An introduction to biological psychology (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • ▪  Chapter 12, “Learning and Memory,” explores how and where memories are stored in the brain.
  • ▪  Chapter 6, “Motivation and the Regulation of Internal States,” covers how homeostasis and drive theory are 
key to understanding physiological motivation.
  • ▪  Chapter 8, “Emotion and Health,” examines how the brain and the rest of the body participate in emotion.
Assessment Instructions 
This assessment has two parts: Part A and Part B. Please complete this assessment in one document. The assessment should be a minimum of 4 pages, excluding the title page and reference page. Use the Capella library to research the material and support your responses.
Part A 
It is sometimes difficult to conceptualize how the different motivational theories are distinct, such as drive theory, incentive theory, arousal theory, and brain state theory. Also, neuroscientists across the country are using a wide range of approaches to define the nature of consciousness when philosophers have been debating the nature of consciousness for millennia. This part of the assessment will help you approach issues from each of the theoretical approaches. 
For this part of the assessment, complete the following:
  • Identify two common behaviors.
  • Hypothesize what might have prompted the behaviors from the perspective of each motivational theory (drive,
incentive, arousal, brain state).
  • Discuss how others, such as advertisers, parents, managers, and so on, apply these different theories to influence
behavior.

For each behavior, include the following headings in your paper. Write a 150–300-word response for each theory under each heading:

Behavior 1: