Legal, Ethical, and/or Professional Case Review

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Legal, Ethical, and/or Professional Case Review for Week 4

  1. Identify a Legal, Ethical, and/or Professional Dilemma relevant for integrated care settings related to one of the following topics: special populations (e.g.: elderly, minors, LGBTQIA2, ethnic or cultural minorities, religion or spiritual considerations/groups, signficantly disenfranchised populations/groups).
  1. Identify differing professionals or ethical lenses for the dilemma to be viewed through.
  1. Write a short 1-2 page summary (not including title or reference pages) addressing the following headings: Introduction of the Dilemma, How the Dilemma is Typically Addressed, and How the Dilemma Is Handled with Shared Decision Making

Legal, Ethical, and/or Professional Case Review Rubric

Criteria/Points

Excellent

Satisfactory

Unsatisfactory

Paper Structure/Writing Style

Length (not including title and reference pages)

References: Minimum of 2 references

  1. Length: 1-2 pages, not including title and reference pages
  1. References are integrated throughout paper to support/provide justification for student critique.
  1. Cited primary sources and included course texts
  1. Included title and reference page

(1 point)

One of the below is met:

  1. Length: 3-4 pages
  1. Integrated references with limited rationale so that literature does not clearly support student opinion. Citations consist of mostly secondary sources
  1. Did not include title or reference page

(.5 point)

  1. Length: More than 4 pages
  1. No references

Does this directive enhance integration across the European single labour market? If so explain how?

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this should be done in report style- subheadings for each question.

A. Explain how the Working Time Directive (WTD)of the European Union represents a necessary health and safety measure which protects workers. What are its main provisions? Explain how this Directive seeks to protect workers. Give some examples to illustrate your points.

B. Does this directive enhance integration across the European single labour market? If so explain how?

C. Does the reality of the implementation of the EU’s Working Time Directive threaten to undermine the construction of a single European labour market by allowing some social dumping?

Read the EU’s Working Time Directive. Look at the TUC ETUC Business Europe and EurActiv sites for commentaries.

Is there any potential liability for the hospital in either case (non-intervention vs. intervention)?

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Your medical staff is concerned about the continuing viability of its “shadowing” program to monitor new staff members (and those requesting new privileges) to confirm their competence to maintain the privileges they have been conditionally granted. These are not doctors in training but rather fully licensed doctors who want to practice anew at the hospital or want to practice a new area of practice at the hospital with new privileges). (The National Practitioner Databank Guidebook indicates that if a hospital medical staff assigns a monitor to all physicians or dentists initially granted clinical privileges rather than when a doctor with privileges receives a monitor as a result of questionable care, there is no need to report such action to the NPDB and AMA policy encourages such programs.) Specifically, the doctors who are asked to observe and report back their observations feel they are “damned if they do and damned if they don’t” when it comes to situations where they feel the need to intercede and take over the procedure when the supervised doctor is proceeding in a manner the monitor would not.
An observer-surgeon approaches you about his concern.

Part 1. Describe the theories of liability he might worry about and why observer physicians would not likely be liable for not intervening with patients of the observeddoctor.

Part 2. Is the risk of liability for the observer different if he does intervene?

Part 3. Is there any potential liability for the hospital in either case (non-intervention vs. intervention)?

Part 4 .What could the monitors do to reduce the risk of liability in return for their agreement to monitor care? What could the hospital do to reduce its risk of liability?

The essay should be no more than four pages double-spaced (Times New Roman 12). Please identify each part as “Part 1”, etc. when you answer the question, no referencing needed

Critical evaluation of the Soil Association Report “E.coli superbugs on farms and food

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Critical evaluation of the Soil Association Report “E.coli superbugs on farms and food”

The soil Association produced the report “E.coli superbugs on farms and food” in 2012 (See report on Moodle site). In the report is a summary of eight recommendations (see Page 3) and an executive summary of the report (see Pages 10-17) including recommendations to the Government, Retailers, farming and veterinary industries (Pages 18 and 19).

Considering this report and any other additional relevant literature you can find, please address the following questions based on the Summary recommendations on page 3 in the report.

Answer the questions in bullet point format. Maximum word limit is 1,500 words.

1) Under the current UK regulatory system for farm antibiotic use what steps does;

  1. i) a veterinary surgeon have to take when prescribing an antimicrobial for an animal; ii) a farmer have to take when treating an animal?

2) The report states “It should be recognized that a move towards higher welfare and less intensive production systems has the potential to reduce the use of antibiotics in agriculture significantly”.

What evidence can you find that less intensive production systems equate to higher welfare systems? (Give evidence as a maximum of 3 bullet points including a reference for each of your statements).

3) The report states “The preventative use of antibiotics in healthy animals should be phased out, and the overall use of antibiotics on farms should be halved within five years.”

If this were to become an EU policy, list four points you would need to consider in the implementation of this policy.

4) The report states “The use of modern cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones

should be greatly reduced and their off-label use prohibited”.

  1. i) List three reasons why cephalosporins and fluoroquinlones are widely used in veterinary practice (give evidence for your reason).
  2. ii) Propose one way you would suggest that might limit the use of these products.

5) The report states “…Advertisements to veterinary surgeons should be purely factual and not emotive in any way.”

Find one example of an advertisement for an antimicrobial product to veterinary surgeons or farmers that you think is emotive and one that is not, giving your interpretation of each advertisement.

6) Many dairy farmers feed waste milk to their calves. (Waste milk is milk from cows that are being treated with antimicrobial products). It is suggested this is a risk factor for increasing spread of antimicrobial resistance. Can you suggest how you might enforce a ban on this practice?

7) This report was produced by the Soil Association – why might they write such a report?