What policies are you aware of that policymakers developed in response to a societal problem or event?

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Often, policymakers develop policies in response to a recent societal problem or event. Whereas some societal problems, such as homelessness, unemployment, and poverty, require long-term policy development and refinement, society sometimes demands immediate policy implementation in response to events or problems that proved dangerous for society at large. For example, the U.S. terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and the subsequent terrorist threats heightened airport security and created item restrictions for airplane carry-on luggage. Over time, policymakers adjusted these policies as the danger appeared less imminent due to the development of other policies. What policies are you aware of that policymakers developed in response to a societal problem or event? Are those policies effective responses to the problems or events? If not, how might you change them in order to make them more effective?

For this Discussion, review this week’s resources. Using reputable news and education sources, search for an event that led to the formation of a social policy. Then, consider what changes you might make to the policy that resulted from this event. Finally, think about the role of social work (as a profession and political lobby) in the formation of the policy.

Post a brief explanation of the event you selected that led to the formation of a social policy. Then, explain what changes you would make to the policy that resulted from this event and why. Finally, explain the role of social work (as a profession and political lobby) in the formation of the policy.

References:
Popple, P. R., & Leighninger, L. (2015). The policy-based profession: An introduction to social welfare policy analysis for social workers. (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

200-300 Words

 

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Compare the 95% and 99% confidence intervals for the hours of sleep a student gets. Explain the difference between these intervals and why this difference occurs

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Subject: Mathematics    / General Mathematics

MATH 221 Statistics for Decision Making

Week 6 iLab

Name:_______________________

Statistical Concepts:

· Data Simulation

· Confidence Intervals

· Normal Probabilities

Short Answer Writing Assignment

All answers should be complete sentences.

We need to find the confidence interval for the SLEEP variable. To do this, we need to find the mean and then find the maximum error. Then we can use a calculator to find the interval, (x – E, x + E).

First, find the mean. Under that column, in cell E37, type =AVERAGE(E2:E36). Under that in cell E38, type =STDEV(E2:E36). Now we can find the maximum error of the confidence interval. To find the maximum error, we use the “confidence” formula. In cell E39, type =CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.05,E38,35). The 0.05 is based on the confidence level of 95%, the E38 is the standard deviation, and 35 is the number in our sample. You then need to calculate the confidence interval by using a calculator to subtract the maximum error from the mean (x-E) and add it to the mean (x+E).

1. Give and interpret the 95% confidence interval for the hours of sleep a student gets. (5 points)

Then, you can go down to cell E40 and type =CONFIDENCE.NORM(0.01,E38,35) to find the maximum error for a 99% confidence interval. Again, you would need to use a calculator to subtract this and add this to the mean to find the actual confidence interval.

2. Give and interpret the 99% confidence interval for the hours of sleep a student gets. (5 points)

3. Compare the 95% and 99% confidence intervals for the hours of sleep a student gets. Explain the difference between these intervals and why this difference occurs. (5 points)

In the week 2 lab, you found the mean and the standard deviation for the HEIGHT variable for both males and females. Use those values for follow these directions to calculate the numbers again.

(From week 2 lab: Calculate descriptive statistics for the variable Height by Gender. Click on Insert and then Pivot Table. Click in the top box and select all the data (including labels) from Height through Gender. Also click on “new worksheet” and then OK. On the right of the new sheet, click on Height and Gender, making sure that Gender is in the Rows box and Height is in the Values box. Click on the down arrow next to Height in the Values box and select Value Field Settings. In the pop up box, click Average then OK. Write these down. Then click on the down arrow next to Height in the Values box again and select Value Field Settings. In the pop up box, click on StdDev then OK. Write these values down.)

You will also need the number of males and the number of females in the dataset. You can either use the same pivot table created above by selecting Count in the Value Field Settings, or you can actually count in the dataset.

Then in Excel (somewhere on the data file or in a blank worksheet), calculate the maximum error for the females and the maximum error for the males. To find the maximum error for the females, type =CONFIDENCE.T(0.05,stdev,#), using the females’ height standard deviation for “stdev” in the formula and the number of females in your sample for the “#”. Then you can use a calculator to add and subtract this maximum error from the average female height for the 95% confidence interval. Do this again with 0.01 as the alpha in the beginning of the formula to find the 99% confidence interval.

Find these same two intervals for the male data by using the same formula, but using the males’ standard deviation for “stdev” and the number of males in your sample for the “#”.

4. Give and interpret the 95% confidence intervals for males and females on the HEIGHT variable. Which is wider and why? (7 points)

5. Give and interpret the 99% confidence intervals for males and females on the HEIGHT variable. Which is wider and why? (7 points)

6. Find the mean and standard deviation of the DRIVE variable by using =AVERAGE(A2:A36) and =STDEV(A2:A36). Assuming that this variable is normally distributed, what percentage of data would you predict would be less than 40 miles? This would be based on the calculated probability. Use the formula =NORM.DIST(40, mean, stdev,TRUE). Now determine the percentage of data points in the dataset that fall within this range. To find the actual percentage in the dataset, sort the DRIVE variable and count how many of the data points are less than 40 out of the total 35 data points. That is the actual percentage. How does this compare with your prediction? (10 points)

Drive (miles) State Shoe Size Height (inches) Sleep (hours) Gender Car Color TV (hours) Money (dollars) Coin Die1 Die2 Die3 Die4 Die5 Die6 Die7 Die8 Die9 Die10

20 OR 7 65 4 F green 1 46.00 4 5 5 1 5 2 1 5 1 6 3

28 NY 7 67 4 F black 1 25.00 4 6 2 6 5 5 4 3 1 3 1

54 NV 11 65 4 F silver 5 54.00 7 6 2 3 6 1 5 3 6 5 1

76 PA 11 63 4 M silver 5 13.00 5 4 5 2 3 3 5 3 6 2 1

36 TX 7 66 5 M orange 3 7.00 3 2 4 4 1 6 3 1 6 4 4

88 SC 6 63 5 F black 3 43.00 6 6 2 4 2 3 5 3 1 4 2

6 MI 10 66 6 M black 5 34.00 3 4 4 5 1 4 4 5 5 5 1

25 CA 8 69 6 F silver 4 30.00 4 3 5 3 6 1 3 1 4 1 5

40 IL 10 68 6 M silver 5 16.00 5 2 2 4 2 1 3 2 4 4 2

42 IL 8 65 6 F red 4 4.00 4 3 4 1 3 2 5 5 5 6 6

55 OH 9 67 6 F dark blue 4 27.00 2 2 6 5 5 5 3 5 2 3 3

Mean ______________ Standard deviation ____________________

Predicted percentage ______________________________

Actual percentage _____________________________

Comparison ___________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

7. What percentage of data would you predict would be between 40 and 70 and what percentage would you predict would be more than 70 miles? Subtract the probabilities found through =NORM.DIST(70, mean, stdev, TRUE) and =NORM.DIST(40, mean, stdev, TRUE) for the “between” probability. To get the probability of over 70, use the same =NORM.DIST(70, mean, stdev, TRUE) and then subtract the result from 1 to get “more than”. Now determine the percentage of data points in the dataset that fall within this range, using same strategy as above for counting data points in the data set. How do each of these compare with your prediction and why is there a difference? (11 points)

Predicted percentage between 40 and 70 ______________________________

Actual percentage _____________________________________________

Predicted percentage more than 70 miles ________________________________

Actual percentage ___________________________________________

Comparison ____________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Why? __________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

 

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What sort of work atmosphere would you be best in, given the results of the Myers-Briggs Type indicator?

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There are a number of tools available to measure or assess personality. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is used in many organizations to better contextualize communication and interactions.

Complete the personality assessment found at the link below and describe what you found out about yourself. Does it fit you or do you disagree? What sort of work atmosphere would you be best in, given the results of the Myers-Briggs Type indicator? Does it fit with your ultimate work goals and if so, in what way? What motivates you? Finally, what do you think is the professor’s MBTI based on the design of the course and your interactions thus far?

http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jtypes2.asp (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. http://www.humanmetrics.com/cgi-win/jtypes2.asp

Remember, this is your place to express yourself. There are no right or wrong answers and everything you say here is strictly between you and the instructor. This journal is worth 30 points. Please refer to the rubric below, click on the gear symbol in the upper right-hand corner, or go to Course Resources.
Journal Rubric
Journal Rubric
CriteriaRatingsPts
This criterion is linked to a Learning OutcomeDescription of criterion

30.0 ptsThere is evidence the student completed the assignment activities prior to posting to the journal. Course and/or outside material was used in the student’s response. The student used critical thinking to express his/her opinion.

20.0 ptsThere is some evidence the student completed the assignment activities prior to posting. Information was omitted, which would have helped support the student’s critical thinking. Posting was short and somewhat difficult to understand what the student meant.

10.0 ptsIt does not appear the student thoroughly completed the assignment activities prior to posting. Several questions were left unanswered or answers were short and brief. Additional thought and critical thinking could have been included.

30.0 pts

Total Points: 30.0

 

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maximize the expected profit of the business? a. 50 units b. 75 units c. 100 units d. 125 units Show less

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A business in a perfectly competitive market must decide how much to produce before it knows what th Show more A business in a perfectly competitive market must decide how much to produce before it knows what the market price will be. The business estimates the price will be p = 25 dollars with 25% probability p = 20 dollars with 50% probability and p = 15 dollars with 25% probability. If the total cost function of the business is C(q) = 350 + (1/5)q 2 what quantity should be produced to maximize the expected profit of the business? a. 50 units b. 75 units c. 100 units d. 125 units Show less

 

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