Name:

Date:

 

Test 6

(Units 6 and 7)

Save this test on your computer, and complete the questions by marking correct answers with the “text color” function ( ) located on the “home” toolbar

 

 

 

Section I . Multiple Choice/True and False

 

1.

One of the central tenets of homeopathy is the (unfounded) assertion that water retains a “memory” of substances dissolved in it, even when the solution becomes so weak that no trace of the original substance is present. However, if we accept this hypothesis, then any quantity of tap water would have already acquired all the beneficial chemicals, and all the harmful ones too. This . . . scenario weakens the hypothesis of water memory.

This refutation is a(n)

a. reduction to the absurd

b. counterexample

c. appeal to countervailing evidence

d. post hoc

e. suppressio veri

 

The premises of this argument are dependent: “Dogs make better pets than cats. They’re smarter, more sociable, more loyal, and easier to train.”

True

False

 

2.

If we can show that any premise of an argument is false, that argument has been successfully refuted.

True

False

 

3.

We may have good reason to question the credibility of a source if

a. the source was not in a good position to judge accurately

b. the source has proven unreliable in the past

c. the issue is not one that can be settled by expert opinion

d. all of the above

 

4.

Showing that one of its crucial* premises is in principle unverifiable refutes (defeats) the argument

True

False

*Note: What Bassham titles a “critical” premise I am referring to as a “crucial premise”, because I want to avoid the ambiguity involved in the former expression (between “critical” as essential and “critical” as criticizing.)

 

5.

The premises of this argument are dependent: “Dogs make better pets than cats. They’re smarter, more sociable, more loyal, and easier to train.”

True

False

 

6.

The circumstance that a crucial premise is unsupported always renders an argument bad. (careful)

True

False

 

7.

The principle of rational acceptance is a crucial technique for evaluating any claim. (careful)

True

False

 

8

There are legitimate and important ways of criticizing an argument that still don’t contribute to refuting it.

True

False

 

A fuzzy argument can still be a good argument due to its intrinsic merits.

True

False

9.

A fuzzy argument can still be a good argument due to its intrinsic merits.

True

False

 

Section II . Short Answers

10.

Please indicate any two of the characteristics that might serve to justify accepting a claim as a legitimate premise.

 

11.

Name any three of the conditions that might lead to question a claim based on your own sensory experience?

 

 

12.

Please indicate any 2 of the methods for showing a premise to be dubious or false:

 

13.

What is the principle of rational acceptance?

 

14.

Glenn Beck: “The Federal Government threatening to take over the State Parks if the State Government decides to privatize its parks! That’s sheer robbery!”

(Some background information: The parks in question were Federal Lands granted to the States under the condition that they be and remain public parks.)

Explain what is wrong with Beck’s argument here: What principle(s) of good argumentation does it violate?

 

15.

Are there cases where we might accept claims that violate our background information? If so, when and why?

 

Section III . Hands-On

 

16. (20 Points)

(a) What are some of the possible ways of introducing an argumentative essay? (b) Which do you regard as the most effective? Why?

 

17. (20 points)

Please refute the following claim:

“There are no dangerous animals in Lompoc!”

(a)

 

What is the name of the technique you utilized to do this?

b)

 

 

18. (20 points)

Indicate briefly (some of) the means of approaching an audience which is hostile, close-minded or committed to a different position than yours.

 

19 (30 points)

It is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone to believe anything upon insufficient evidence. If a man, holding a belief . . . keeps down and pushes away any doubts which arise about it in his mind…and regards as impious those questions which cannot easily be asked without disturbing it – the life of that man is one long sin against mankind. W. K Clifford

Strong words!

(a) How might you go about defending Clifford’s claim?

 

(b) How might you go about attacking it?

 

 

(c) (c) How would you evaluate both of the lines of argument you have just developed? In each case: why so?

Applying Theory to a Case Study

 

 

1. Select one of the two available video clips to the right.
   • The video will begin playing immediately.
   • Pause the video and notice under the Clips heading to the right, either you will see the “Case Study of Carol (30:38) or Case Study of Paul (26:40) depending on which video you have selected.
   • Move the video play head to the timestamp of the video. This will be the number in parentheses.
   • Watch the Case Study
2. Choose one of the following theories and use your chosen theory and chosen video clip to complete all of the questions in this assignment.
   • Psychoanalytic
   • Adlerian
   • Client-centered
   • Existential
   • Gestalt
   • Reality
3. Watch the video clip of a supervisor and therapist discussing the case you have selected.  The information from the video will supplement the information in the write-up.
4. Assess the client being described in the video and that client’s related issues using the questions provided.

 

Directions:

 

Using only one case study and one counseling theory throughout your paper, provide a detailed response to each of the following questions.  For example, if you chose Carol and Psychoanalytic Theory, you would answer all of the following questions about Carol using the psychoanalytic theory.

 

1. Based upon all that you know about your client, identify and describe what in your opinion is your client’s most significant problem? This may or may not be the stated “Reason for referral” that is written at the start of each profile. Give a detailed rationale for your assessment and provide supporting evidence from the profile and/or counseling session video clip.
2. Identify at least two secondary problems from the client’s profile or video that should be addressed at some point in the counseling process. Explain your rationale in some detail for choosing each of these with supporting evidence from the written profile and/or the video.
3. Using your chosen counseling theory, describe what your theory says about the possible cause or origin of the primary problem discussed in question 1 above. Here, you are trying to explain the assumptions your chosen theory makes about problems that might be seen in a counseling situation. For example if you assessed your client’s primary problem as low self-esteem, a psychoanalytic therapist would delve into the unconscious whereas an Adlerian would explore family history and a reality therapist would look at choices the person has previously made. Explain in detail by including concepts and terms from your chosen counseling theory to support your perspective.
4. Explain at least three counseling techniques or core principles from your chosen counseling theory that could be used to address the primary and secondary problems of your client. Explain how each of these techniques or principles would be applied in the counseling session and the expected outcome of each.
5. Given what you know about your client’s situation, identify one cultural issue that is significant in the client’s life outside of therapy or could become an issue between the client and therapist in the therapy session. After explaining the issue, explain two ways the therapist could sensitively address this cultural issue with the client in a way that that avoids stereotyping or bias. Remember to integrate your chosen theory into the discussion.
6. If you were to see this client on an ongoing basis, describe the types of change or outcomes you could realistically expect to see in your client, in light of the primary and secondary problems mentioned earlier using your identified approach in therapy. Be specific and show how the process of therapy with this counseling approach would lead to the outcomes you discuss.

 

Your paper should be double-spaced and in 12 point, Times New Roman font with normal one-inch margins, written in APA style, and free of typographical and grammatical errors.  It should include a title page with a running head, an abstract and a reference page. The body of the paper should be 6 – 8 pages in length.

 

Link to video for Case Study of Carol (30:38)

 

 

 

http://search.alexanderstreet.com.libproxy.edmc.edu/view/work/1778723/clip/52209